According to the American "Exploration" magazine, as a world-famous German-American scientist, Albert Einstein is the pioneer and founder of modern physics, winning endless praise from the world. But even the greatest scientists make many mistakes, and the writer Hans Ohanian, in a book called Einstein's Mistakes: The Human Failings of Genius, lists a series of mistakes that Einstein made in his scientific explorations.
Here are 23 major mistakes Einstein made in his lifetime:
1. 1905: Einstein made an error in the process of calculating clock synchronization according to special relativity;
2. 1905: Misestimation of the Maxon-Morley experiment;
3. 1905: Error in the calculation of the lateral mass of high-speed particles;
4. 1905: Einstein made several mistakes in calculating the viscosity of liquids using mathematical and physical knowledge. Einstein deduced the size of the molecule by calculating the viscosity of the liquid;
5. 1905: Errors in the understanding of the relationship between thermal radiation and light quantum;
6. 1905: Error occurred when the mass-energy equation E=mc2 was first verified;
7. 1906: Continuous errors occurred at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th verification of the mass-energy equation E=mc2;
8. 1907: An error occurred on the synchronization program that measured the accelerated clock;
9. 1907: Error in calculating the equivalent principle of gravitation and acceleration;
10. 1911: Error in the first calculation of the bending of light;
11. 1913: Errors in the first attempt at general relativity;
12. 1914: An error occurred when the mass-energy equation E=mc2 was verified for the 5th time;
13. 1915: Errors in the Einstein-de Haas experiment;
14. 1915: Multiple errors in the verification of general relativity;
15. 1916: Error in explaining Mach's principle;
16. 1917: Errors in the introduction of the cosmological constant (which Einstein called the biggest mistake of his life);
17. 1919: Errors in two attempts to modify general relativity;
18. 1925: Made many mistakes in the quest to elucidate the unified field theory;
19. 1927: Error in discussing quantum uncertainty with Bohr;
20. 1933: Errors in the interpretation of quantum mechanics;
21.1934: An error occurred during the 6th verification of the mass-energy equation E=mc2;
22. 1939: Error in explaining Schwarzschild's singularity and gravitational collapse (black hole);
23.1946: An error occurred during the 7th verification of the mass-energy equation E=mc2.