This is a canonical history of the Yuan Dynasty, and my impression of the Yuan Dynasty only stays in the Three Character Classic, "The public opinion is wide, ahead of the previous generation." Ninety years later, the country was abolished. ”
It is said that there are two characteristics, one is the wide range of land, and the other is the short age. The others are only the four words of Genghis Khan, today roughly finished the book, or quite shocking, simply sorted out, found the following characteristics.
1. The starting point is low
The founding emperor of each dynasty is a hero of the world, most of them are able to read and hyphenate, like the Tang Dynasty Li Yuan is a Guanlong nobleman, the Song Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin is also a martial general family born, must have read books. Liu Bang of the Han Dynasty and Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty, they were also authentic Han Chinese, and even if they had not read books, they had also been influenced by Confucianism.
Only Temujin of the Yuan Dynasty and Nurhaci of the later Qing Dynasty were barbarians, un-Sinicized, Ru Mao drank blood, and did not understand human morality compared to the Han thought of the Central Plains.
They are nomads, unreadable, illiterate, unambiguous, without thought, with the ability to survive and at the minimum level of human life.
And it is such a group of people, they ride and fight, they go from place to place, they think simply, just to be able to survive, not to be bullied by others, they must grow themselves, so as to start plundering, so that they can get more survival resources.
2. Wide range
Slowly, they became more and more powerful, went farther and farther, gained more and more wealth, and ruled more and more extensively. At its most expansive, the Mongols ruled an area of more than 30 million square kilometers. They went east to the East China Sea, to Japan, south to Vietnam in the South China Sea, to Europe in the west, completely encompassing all the countries of Central Asia and West Asia, almost to Africa, and north to the Arctic Ocean.
Such a large country, ancient and modern exchanges are the first, truly unprecedented, no one has come, today's largest country Russia is only a part of him, the later Soviet Union is the same.
Of course, this also contributes to our territory in China today, and we have to thank Genghis Khan and other descendants.
3. Confusion in passing the position
Da Yuan, taken from the I Ching Qiangua: Da Zhao Qian Yuan, the beginning of all things. The mood is very thick.
This name was coined by Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, so theoretically, Kublai Khan was the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. The year was 1271. The Yuan dynasty ended in 1368, when Emperor Yuan Shun left Dadu, beijing, and returned to Mobei. It was also the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. A total of 12 emperors went through this.
Kublai Khan preceded him with four, namely Taizu Genghis Khan, Taizong Wokoutai, Dingzong Guiyou, and Xianzong Möngke. The inheritance of these thrones is still in line with the traditional Chinese thinking, almost all of them are inherited by fathers and sons, but Meng Ge is Guiyou's cousin.
After Kublai Khan arrived, chaos ensued, and Kublai Khan's throne passed to his grandson Timur, who gave the throne to his nephew Haishan, and Haishan to his younger brother Aiyu Li Bali Bada. It was then passed on to sons, uncles, sons, cousins, brothers, nephews, and brothers.
Whether active or forced. In short, it is very chaotic, very different from the succession of thrones in other dynasties, and I am confused when I look at it, but it is gratifying that the throne has been passed down within the Golden Family and has not been usurped by other surnames.
Of course, this is also inseparable from their own reasons. The Mongols have many heirs, the golden family has more people, each one can fight a good war, no one is willing to submit to others, they are willing to sit on the highest position. So in the beginning, Genghis Khan also divided his rule into four main regions, that is, the four major khanates, namely the Ilkhanate, the Chahatai Khanate, the Golden Horde, the Wokoutai Khanate, and the Chincha Khanate. Let your sons and nephews have their own territory and avoid getting together easily.
But in the Central Plains, the succession of the throne of The Great Yuan is really chaotic, really who has the ability to sit, the reign of each emperor is not long, except for the earliest Kublai Khan, who reigned for 34 years, and the latest Yuan Shun Emperor, reigned for 38 years. Most of the other shortest months do not exceed single digits, so the policy cannot be continued, and the last to be hurt is the people.
4, the name is chaotic
Looking at the whole book, I can remember only a few names: Yerushalayim, Takth, Haishan, Kublai Khan, and Temujin.
The others were not impressed, and when I watched it, I simply chose to ignore it, which reduced the difficulty of my reading.
There is also a reason for their name chaos, because the Yuan Dynasty ruled a wide range, so there are many races involved, in addition to the Han nationality, there are Mongolian, Jin, Liao, Uyghur, Western Xia, Hui, Tibet, Russia, and then all the way west to West Asia, Europe, so the name often has seven or eight characters, or there is no law, really can not understand, there is no practical significance, forget it, do not remember it.
The whole book is still rewarding, this is not a story book, a novel book, but a rigorous historical record book, the author carefully studied, all the time, characters, wars, the process of events have been considered in detail, for the study of the history of the Yuan Dynasty is very meaningful, but for me as an ordinary reader, it is still quite difficult.