Author's curriculum vitae
Ding Xianbang, an ethnic Han Chinese, was born on July 5, 1929 in the lunar calendar to a poor family in Ding Village, Daxing District, Beijing. In April 1944, he joined the Pingnan Guerrilla Group of the Eighth Route Army. He joined the Party in 1945. In 1947, he was appointed as the instructor of the third company of the Daxing Independent Battalion, and in 1952, he was transferred to the Military Justice Department (third-level, main battalion) assistant directly under the Central Military Commission. In 1961, he served as an instructor of the first battalion of the 22nd Regiment of the 5th Division of the Railway Corps, and in 1964 he was appointed as the regimental assistant of the Daxinganling Battle Headquarters of the Railway Corps, the youth director of the Northeast Command (code-named Unit 505), the political commissar of the 15th Regiment of the 3rd Division of the Railway Corps, the director of the Political Department of the Division, and the deputy political commissar of the 14th Division of the Railway Corps. He was formerly the political commissar of the Logistics Department of the Chifeng Garrison District of the Shenyang Military Region.
Author Ding Xianbang
【Iron Soldier Story】The Xing'an Ridge I remember
Text/Ding Xianbang
The richness of the depths of memory
Is there anything in the world that can cover the sun? forest. Walking in the dense forest is to feel the bravery of the forest, maverick, cover the sky with one hand, and do whatever you want. The Daxing'an Mountains in northern China are such a wayward forest. It is more than 300 kilometers wide from east to west, more than 600 kilometers long from north to south, and has a size area of more than 134,000 square kilometers, which is the size of a Zhejiang Province; Timber reserves of 830 million cubic meters. According to the (at that time) Chinese, each person received more than one cubic meter of wood. Among the woods, larch is the best pit guide wood, and sassafras pine is a national defense material with high use value. In addition to the hidden coal, iron, aluminum, zinc, gold, copper, phosphorus, tungsten, agate and other minerals, flying dragon birds in the sky, Shaman chicken, black chicken, pheasant and other rare birds, running bears, deer, roe deer, roe deer, wild boar, mountain and other animals, deer antler velvet, skullcap, palm ginseng, platycodon, white peony and other medicinal materials, monkey head, fungus, mushroom, yellow flower and other mountain treasures... The xing'anling indigenous folk song expresses self-confidence in this way: walking into the big forest, full of treasures, inexhaustible, inexhaustible, and difficult to find in the world.
The crisscrossing rivers are even more dizzying, lingering: the Huma River, the Emur River, the Panwu River, the Ta River, and the Pangu River, like an outstretched palm, flowing from east to north all day; The Gan River, the Dobukur River, and the Naduri River flow from north to east; From east to north, they meet, stagger, and divide into tributaries, enriching the ancient forest, freezing in winter and spring, and civilizing in summer; The ancient trees in the forest are towering, damp and shady, the flowers and birds are fragrant, the grass is everywhere, more than 5.5 million mu of arable land and the valleys everywhere...
Everyone who comes is a hero
The ancient people who lived here were the Orunchun people. They care for the life of the forest, love, with simple and natural emotions.
At the beginning of 1958, the Xing'an Mountains were golden, and the mature wind swept through the mountains and forests, and a party member cadre carried a red flag and carried thousands of people into the Xing'an Mountains, and they shouldered some kind of mission, walking upstream from the Heilongjiang River against the current, passing through the TaHe River, they stopped, settled here, and went all the way to Tayuan and built some houses. In the middle of August, it quickly got cold, it was snowing, and the forest was snowy.
More than a thousand people in the snowfield, with no backup, no road to guarantee the transport of the backup, left a few huts and the red flag, as the previous two times, retreated. Leaving the flag in the snow and wind, it shook off a red mood.
It was a temptation, an expedition with no simple purpose. The summary of this expedition "walked" for a few years -- a few years later, with the eight-character policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment, and improvement" formulated by the Party Central Committee, and the economic difficulties caused by natural disasters in the past three years, a new situation emerged in socialist construction. The flag planted in the primeval forest in 1958 was accompanied by a blueprint for the design of national construction -
This time, Luo Yuchuan, vice minister of forestry and secretary of the party leading group, confidently invited Major General Guo Weicheng, deputy commander of the railway troops, to inspect Daxing'anling together.
The mountains of Daxing'anling are undulating, and the hinterland is ancient and desolate, and there is no one to live.
They set off from Nenjiang.
Nenjiang had an endless black land, which later became the farm of the Railway Corps. Grow soybeans, corn, sorghum, potatoes, sunflowers...; They walked through eleven stops, Huma County, eighteen stops, Ta River... They talked all the way about the history of Daxing'anling, the difficulties of several times of development, and the significance.
Secretary Luo Yuchuan gave many excellent names to this place, and they are all named like this to this day: Bishui, Cuigang, Xiufeng... These green-filled names seem to express a preference for the forest. Deputy Commander Guo Weicheng expressed his certain expectations in the words he filled out in the "Qinyuan Spring": "Large and small Xing'an, mountains and rivers, infinite scenery." Look at the north outside of the river valley, juan red willow green; Up and down the mountains, birch white pine. The breeze is soft and spotless, and the fragrance of flowers and trees is mixed with the fragrance. ”
The two chiefs put forward to the central authorities the idea of developing Daxing'anling, which was approved by Chairman Mao of the Party Central Committee and ordered the formation of the Daxing'anling Forest Area Battle Headquarters.
Hundreds of thousands of people came and went without white
The Daxinganling Battle Command was established in August 1964. The seat of the headquarters is Gagdachi. The staff of the Battle Command was dispatched by the Railway Corps and the Ministry of Forestry and worked jointly. The railway troops sent 80,000 troops, the advance troops reported before the end of August, and officially opened their office on September 1.
On July 14, 1964, I reported to the Battle headquarters of Gagdachi and personally experienced the work of this period: Major General Shen Honglin, deputy commander of the command, first arrived in Gagdachi in early July, led the advance team of the battle, and presided over the work of the initial period of the command -- the personnel of the work group of the battle headquarters, whether cadres drawn from the railway troops or cadres drawn from the forestry system, most of them reported in August, and a very small number of people began to come in September.
There were five major departments under the command headquarters, and the cadres who arrived in the early days were Ma Jihui, deputy director of the Ministry of Engineering and chief engineer, Du Zhixiang, deputy chief engineer, Hua Feng, director of the Operations Division, Tian Hong, deputy director of the Department of Communications, Ji Xuqing, director of the Communications Department, Huang, director of the Technical Department, Ran Lingchun, director of the Confidential Department, Wu Jie, director of the Military Affairs Department, and Zhou Yilong, director of the office; Lu Xinchuan, Director of the Secretariat of the Political Department, Bai Baoyu, Sun Weitang, Director of the Security Department, Feng Jinxiang, Song Haiqing, Director of the Organization Department, Zhang Dong, Director of the Direct Work Department, Liu Shanting, Director of the Cultural Department, and Liang Qing, Director of the Propaganda Department; Chen Jiyun, deputy director of the Logistics Department, Xu Piyang, director of the Materials Department, Li Director of the Finance Department, and Liu Xian, Director of the Production Department; Nie Tao, Mayor of the Special Administrative Region. There are also Yang Lin, director of the planning department, Qian Chengyi, director of the management department, Lou Qingyun, deputy director Liu Jingkun, deputy director Yu, wang rui, director of the office, Ding Xianbang, assistant (youth director), liu zhen, officer Liu Zhen, Chen Limo, and so on.
At this time, the headquarters of the battle convenes a meeting of cadres of the two sides, and most of the specific meeting affairs are undertaken by Lu Xinchuan, the director of the secretariat; In September and December, the 3rd, 6th, and 9th Railway Divisions marched into Daxing'anling. On the one hand, Deputy Commander Shen commanded the troops to take their places, and on the other hand, he commanded the troops and organs to enter the working state as soon as possible, and led the troops under the leadership of various departments to inspect the situation of the troops' encampment and camping. In November, General He Huiyan, commander-in-chief of the command, Luo Yuchuan, political commissar, and Su Chao, deputy political commissar, took up their posts one after another. In order to ensure the effective work of the command, in addition to the party committee of the command center, the various departments of the organs focus on specialties, the railway troops and forestry parts open offices, and the railway troops have set up a northeast command center, and the general staff approved the code name: 505 (troops). The former Engineering Department was changed to the Northeast Command Headquarters, Chief of Staff Song Ruizhang, Deputy Chief of Staff Zhang Yan, Chief Engineer Ma Jihui; Xu Chengzhi, director of the Political Department, and Yang Chengwei, deputy director; Logistics Minister Zhang Peizhi and Political Commissar Feng Zhen. The directors and deputy directors of each department are complete and the staff is in place. In terms of forestry, it is under the management of the special zone, and the forestry bureau is to be prepared for the establishment of the site, and the production department of the battle headquarters is abolished.
In 1965, it was accompanied by the intensive development of the Daxing'anling Mountains: the readjusted military and local leadership groups were leaner and easier to command. One hundred thousand soldiers and civilians have begun in an orderly manner the operational development and construction of the "big corps" that has the conditions and must also go up without the conditions.
The railroad soldiers were Chairman Mao's "more arduous."
The more places are going to be "symbols of thought."
Let's start in September 1964. In September, in the Xing'an Mountains, the mountains were closed by ice and snow, and a group of railway troops carried tents on their shoulders, stepped on the snow fields, braved the severe cold, and braved the cold currents and cold winds from Siberia to advance towards the camp set up in the hinterland of the primeval forest of the Daxing'anLing Mountains.
Whenever a new thing happens, there will be two opinions, and the development of Daxinganling is so. At this time, the team that is kicking and marching is not only soldiers, but also cadres muttering in their hearts: primitive forests, rare human tracks, cold and cold, difficult construction, difficult life, poor country, is it necessary to make a big fuss here, is it necessary to spend money and effort? The source of emotions is also simple: the fear of "suffering.". The mountains are stacked, and many machines cannot go up the mountain, and they have to be developed and built on their shoulders. The contingent of 80,000 officers and men, regardless of their ranks, must pass the hurdle of hardship.
Recalling Xing'anling, there is no memory that is not related to hardship. The education of cadres and fighters in the armed forces and the education in actual combat also begins with "suffering." There is a small station in Daxing'anling, when the railway passes, it is named "SanrongGang", which is to commemorate the three rong thoughts of railway soldiers who bear hardships first, labor is glorious, hardships are glorious, and when railway soldiers are glorious. This place was originally famous: the land of death. Forests, tower heads, swamps, miasma, haze, wilderness, not suitable for human survival. The troops marched into the Xing'an Mountains and did not spare this dead land. What is intriguing is that the "Earth Fire Dragon" is a nirvana dragon born from the land of death. No, the Earth Fire Dragon has fulfilled the will of the development army to camp in Xing'anling, and has achieved the possibility of Zhang Chunyu, a hard-boned warrior, to go to the motherland on behalf of the 80,000 development army and accept the praise of the motherland.
Pristine deep forest, no roads for thousands of years. Several units have set up advance detachments, and the first task of the advance detachment is to use axes, shovels, and pickaxes in the snowy mountain passes to plan out the mountain access roads, so that the follow-up troops can accurately reach the designated camp marked by the drawings on time.
When each unit arrived at the camp, it encountered problems of eating and living: setting up a tent, the bed was cut down and frozen fine birch wood, the tent was set up, the fire was started, the tent was a little hot, it began to be damp and smokey, the "bed" melted (frozen), dripping water downwards, and the nest was damp and cold; The cooking class is more difficult, when you get to the camp, the other classes set up camp, and the cooking class orders a fire to cook. Some stove pits were set up, water became a problem, some camps were set up in the air outlet, the ground was as cold as iron, a meal of kung fu could not plan out a stove pit, plus the wind blew residual snow, non-stop, fire could not be lit. The cooking class pulled on the rain cloth to block the snow, set up a steel support pot, "hung" themselves on the cliff to shoot cannon holes, built a boardwalk leading to the glacier, and then carried a sack, shaved ice on the glacier, threw the ice into the sack, carried back to the camp to melt the water, life and construction water was solved, hard life, because of the stimulation of nature, became uncertain, the warriors in the hands of nature, sharp, sharp, strong, but also because of the youth of the group, so that overcoming the arduous process, full of vitality, pieces are put to death and reborn, The story of the shooting. Every day, the survey team carried dry food bags and carried measuring instruments in front of the troops. The warrior who was walking in front of him on this day suddenly stopped, opened his mouth, pointed to a furry thing not far in front of him, and could not speak: the captain ran to the front and pulled the warrior behind him; The guy had already stood up and stretched out his front paws, and someone shouted: Black Bear! The black bear is also known as the black blind, fat, big, and powerful, and there are many legends about the black blind man in the local area, it is a kind of inhuman and fierce animal, it is said that if you shoot someone, half of the face will be gone. Saying that it was late and fast, someone in the team slammed a few shots, and the black bear struggled to take a few steps forward, and "poof" fell to the ground. After the panic, the squad was very excited: there was bear meat to eat. Tents, stewed bear meat, half asleep at night, the cries of babies from near and far, one after another, endlessly. Everyone climbed up, listened to the scalp tingling, but also felt strange, deep mountains and old forests, deserted, where are the children? The experienced old comrades stopped the comrades who wanted to get out of the tent: don't move. We're not going to be watched by hungry wolves.
The family started a fire in the tent and held the gun until it was dawn and there was no sound heard around them, and then they walked out of the tent with the gun. It was hanging, and the snow around the tent was densely packed with wolf footprints! On this day, the reconnaissance team completed the reconnaissance task and quickly left here. According to the hunters, wolves have a good memory, and if they don't leave quickly, they will come back at night. The surveyors were strapped with pedometers on their legs, so that the mileage could be accurately calculated. Every railway in Daxing'anling, the demarcation of the bridge is that they eat and sleep, eliminate many, many unexpected difficulties, and measure step by step on two legs.
Someone must have asked: Why not take a ride? At that time, the car was very expensive, strictly speaking, it was not enough for transportation and logistical support, and there were no surplus vehicles allocated to the survey team.
The car soldiers are also very hard. In the cold, in order to prevent slippage, the wheels are tied with iron chains, the carriages are with baking basins, the windshield is frosted, the driver can't see the road clearly, only open the window, stretch out his head to see the road, many car soldiers are frozen in this way, frozen hands. There are also soldiers of the communication detachment, who brave the cold of minus 40 to 50 degrees Celsius every day to work in the field, and set up more than 270 kilometers of communication lines in one winter. Before the railway was opened, it was these 20-year-old communication fighters who ensured the smooth flow of communication lines.
The Sixth Division had a thirteenth company, stationed in the wind outlet, and the pork was so cold that the axe could not be cut, and it needed a saw; Cabbage jelly should be chopped with an axe. This company has a squad leader named Wang Shizhong. That night he called up all the soldiers who had slipped into the cold bed, "Let's have a meeting," he said: "You can't just freeze like this, everyone should think of ways to stop this cold." The whole class of about a dozen people, at first full of tongues, gradually said the doorway: they opened the paving board, shaved the ice and shoveled snow under the paving board, dug out a fire pit, and smashed the excavated frozen soil into pieces, made adobe, and built it on the fire path. The fire was on fire, the heat dissipation was slow, and the tent was still cold. Wang Shizhong did not give up. At dawn, he took the soldiers in the class to the mountain to find stone chips, carry ice water, and a few days later, the ventilation channel was changed to a passage, a smoke outlet, good heat dissipation, warmth, and economic "earth fire dragon". Wang Shizhong did not use a single brick or penny of the state to make the first contribution to the development of the army in the alpine forbidden area, which undoubtedly boosted morale. The troops settled down in Daxing'anling, and Wang Shizhongli made a second-class meritorious service once! This young squad leader, the young talent of his time, was the first soldier to receive commendations in Daxing'anling. Later, in order to speed up and increase the construction period, he made another battle merit, invented the "frozen soil blasting method", and made another battle achievement.
Undoubtedly, he is the nemesis of the ancient, poor living conditions of daxinganling -
In the army, the squad leader is the "mother of the warriors". There is a company that has been in the primeval forest for less than two years, moved ten times, moved home, who is the hardest? Cooking class, of course. Every time I move, I go to a new camp, icy and snowy, no room, no pot stove, other classes set up tents, cooking classes brace themselves, dig stove pits in the snow, and support pots to cook. That winter, the ground was harder than stone, and a pickaxe went down a white dot, and it was impossible to plan out the pit of the bowl in half a day. Zhao Yingsong, the head of the cooking team, said decisively: Go to the river to pick up stones, build a stove with pebbles in the river, and don't make a mistake to open the meal. Cut vegetables, pick up stones, and after a while the stove is set up, the fire is on fire, the pot has heated, and the stove collapses. It turned out that the stones in the hearth were heated, the ice had melted, the ice had risen, the stones had dispersed, and even the pot had been poured. Some warriors sat on the snow and wiped their tears. Captain Zhao pulled the soldiers up and said: Come, get up, and have a "Zhuge Liang" meeting. If we don't turn ourselves into Little Zhuge Ge, our cooking class will make Quanlian hungry, how can this be?! In a few minutes, there was a way: set up the pot - using the stability of the quadrilateral, the four steel rods were beaten into the permafrost layer, wrapped in wire, and the pot could be "sitting" on the bracket steadily. At that time, there was no wind, and Zhao Banchang said: Quickly make a fire to cook. This Daxing'anling, change your face faster than turning a book.
The wind and snow are not to be nagging. After a while, the small northwest wind flew and came, as in the past, it was blowing more and more fiercely, and the fire under the shelf was dangling from east to west from north to south, but it did not go to the middle, this time, the steamed bun was not steamed. Captain Zhao had a way, he said: Xiao Wang brought me the bed board, stood up, and asked the wind and snow to "sleep" on the bed board. Xiao Wang only then returned to God'er: it turned out that the squad leader had "installed" a wind-blocking "wall" for the wind. The steamed buns were cooked, and before it was time for dinner, the squad leader covered his coat on the iron pot. In a different way, the coats and overalls of the cooking squad soldiers were covered on the iron pot. When the time for dinner came, the distant sun revealed a small half of the face in gray, the snow was bright and dangling, and the sky was indeed colder; The trumpeter pinched the time and blew the opening trumpet. The sound of the trumpet blew in the forest, far away like a cooking smoke that had been frozen in half a day, quanlian looked at the iron pot that was "warmed", the heart was warm, and the company's home was settled. Since then, the cooking class has been called: "drive to move, live hard" cooking class. Zhao Yingsong, the class leader, is the "mother" of this small group.
What is the warrior of the Railroad Soldier to ask?
It is a hero who can fight a war by picking up a gun and building with a gun down
The Eighth Company is a company with a history, and the glory can be traced back to the winter of 1948. Several major battles in the northeast have just ended, the battlefield has not yet been cleared, and the eight are connected to the task of repairing the Songhua River Bridge: the troops going south will advance south through the Songhua River Bridge to liberate all of China. This is an honorable task. Without enough clothes to withstand the cold, the commanders and fighters wore sacks and stepped on ice cubes to hit bridges; On the Korean battlefield, there is not a single day that is not braved by enemy aircraft to repair the Taedong River Bridge and ensure the smooth flow of transportation lines... Such a company has always gnawed hard bones. As soon as they stepped into the Daxing'an Mountains, their superiors gave them a task: in the shortest possible time, split a mountain more than 150 meters high; The split peak will have nearly 32,000 cubic rocks, which will be filled into the glacier at the foot of the mountain to build the railway roadbed of the mountain and the river. Speaking of which, its task is just a few words, which can be done in every detail and with great difficulty. The snow on the mountain peak is slippery, and if you are not careful, you will slide down the cliff, coupled with the fierce wind rolling the snow, pulling the bellows like a whiner, the warrior wears a safety rope around his waist, pedals the cliff, holds a hammer in one hand, and strikes a hammer on the rock, digs a shaft, and explodes the mountain. The worst thing about loading explosives is the blind cannon. In order to prevent blinding the cannon, the soldiers took off their leather gloves, used their hands to pick up the cannon holes, loaded explosives, and connected the detonators. Many of the warriors had frostbite on their hands. One cold winter, eight months, the warriors dug thirteen blasting shafts nearly twenty meters deep, blew up half of the mountain, and the rocks of the half mountain were as designed on the drawings, filling in half of the forty-meter-wide glacier into the roadbed, and the belt-like rails drove out of the drawings, passing through the Mid-Levels River, and continuing to run north-
The glacier of the forest originally had no bridge. The railway soldiers have built dozens of bridges on dozens of glaciers, and the Huma River Bridge was once a key project to control the construction period. The river is more than 400 meters wide, with a few feet of ice below and knee-high snow on top, and the glacier is flanked by a tower head swamp with hundreds of cliffs. Here to break the ice and build the bridge, excavate the bridge foundation, the machine is not used, the blasting is not OK, can only be hammered, layer by layer to break the ice. Ice is as strong as iron, eight pounds of sledgehammer picked up, smashed down, shocked the tiger's mouth cracked, two arms sore, dozens of hammers down, can only break a pit; Eight pound sledgehammers do not work hard, change 12 pounds, on the ice, the sound of ping-pong ping-pong, coupled with the wild flying north wind on the face, needles and knives like pain, breathing is difficult; The twelve-pound sledgehammer is struck from the upper to the lower part of the work, and the sweat soaks through the cotton coat and freezes into "ice armor"; The steel pickaxe was frozen brittle, and with a hard pry, it was folded into two pieces; The hand accidentally touched the iron and immediately ripped off a layer of skin... The cold had no intention of backing down, nor did the warriors. Seven or eight meters deep bridge foundation, all large ice holes, ice sometimes seepage, once the water seepage can flood the bridge foundation, the warriors jumped into the bone-chilling ice water to plug the loopholes, to fight for time to fill the hole. When pouring concrete into the bridge foundation, in order to prevent the slag from freezing, the soldiers fried sand and gravel with iron plates, scalded the sand and stone with boiling water, and 600,000 square sand and stone rose from more than 40 degrees below zero to 30 degrees above zero, loaded with bucket trucks, covered with quilts, and pushed the foundation pits at the fastest speed.
Before the piers were cast, there was another big roadblock: the tower-headed swamps on both sides of the river. The Tower Head Swamp is also known as the "Fear Road". If there is any trickery of the "Hidden Dragon and Crouching Tiger" in the inaccessible Daxing'anling Mountains, the Fear Road is one of them, some people call it a mud pit, and some people call it an "ice ballast cellar". Some people call it "dog legs". The forest area has been developed several times, but it has experienced failure, and it is inextricably linked to it - in winter, the tower head swamp is frozen, you can enter, but because of the cold, you can't settle down; In the summer, every tower swamp is alive, going in and out, being transported by it, and many ideas are eclipsed in the face of fear. Even this "battle" of the large corps could not avoid the fear: more than 700 kilometers of railway lines would pass through the scattered Tatou swamps that were scattered in the Xing'an Mountains connecting about 200 kilometers. And these tower head swamp areas are also the key to whether they can defeat the High Cold Forbidden Area of Daxing'anling.
In the summer, the surface of the earth is frozen, the tower head swamp is full of mud pits, the machine cannot enter, and the soil method picked by the shoulders does not work, and it is a greater danger to accidentally fall into the swamp. When the Red Army crossed the meadow, how many Red Army soldiers fell into the swamp and never came out. Therefore, no matter how tight our construction schedule is, in the face of the tower head swamp in summer, we can only look at the "ocean" and sigh. In the winter, the wind came like a cold current from Siberia in previous years, sealing the sky and freezing the ground, the season of railway soldier construction, the season of repairing the tower head swamp came: the tower head that was frozen like an iron tower, once it went down, the tower head did not move, the iron pickaxe could not be grasped, it would be rebounded out, the warriors put down the iron pickaxe, split it with a plate axe, and cut it with a large saw, and the tower grass was flattened, and they could step on the ice on the swamp to lift the soil and transport stones and fill the roadbed. There were three sharp knife companies, and in order to speed up the construction period, a ten-meter-high aerial "sidewalk" was set up on the ground of the tower to load soil and transport stones from several miles away, and small cars flew back and forth. The warriors made a statistic: each soldier had to run a hundred kilometers in the air every day. Each one is a "long-distance running" expert, and he often wins the general. In less than a year, relying on trolleys, more than 300,000 square meters of earth and stones were transported, and the waste land (now called environmental protection) used them to fill the roadbed, saving more than 1.28 million refilled earth, strengthening the frozen layer of the base, and avoiding the sinking of the roadbed.
From the above stories, we know that the development of the most beautiful scenery of Daxing'anling is one good idea after another that the soldiers have come up with for how quickly and economically to build socialism, good methods, good inventions, and good creations, and these good ideas, good methods, good inventions, and good creations are the guarantees for every task to be completed accurately and on schedule. There are more than five hundred of these guarantees, and I have never heard of any person looking for an organization to count an invention on his head, which is a reason to ask for treatment from his superiors, to the state, for the right to invent. "Bitter or not bitter, think of the Red Army twenty-five thousand; Tired or not, think of the old revolutionary predecessors. In that era, these two sentences were not only slogans, but also a portrayal of true feelings. When I was the director of the Political Department of the Third Division, when I was evaluating cadres, I had a long conversation with Zhang Chunyu, and he said very emotionally: As a party member, the interests of the collective, the state, and the party are above all else at any time. If I extend my hand to the country and to the party because I have done something for the country and for others, then I am not a hero, but an individualist, a bear. This is what Zhang Chunyu said, it was also said by many soldiers, it was said by that era, this is the collective values and world outlook of that era. So, whenever I think of this, I raise my right arm and salute.
Xu Jinrong was the chief engineer of the Ninth Division. He is more than 50 years old and is an engineer and technician trained by the army. He didn't go to school, he worked as a child laborer in a capitalist factory as a teenager, and when he enlisted, he was just an ordinary shelf worker. However, he overcame difficulties and read many books, and together with other soldiers and engineering technicians, solved many engineering and technical problems. He himself went from shelf worker to technician, engineer, chief engineer.
In Daxing'anling railway, the biggest difficulty is cold. For example, to build a bridge over an glacier, it is necessary to use the freezing method to construct. However, this kind of frozen construction method was used by the troops for the first time and had no experience. The foundation of the bridge was only dug a few meters deep, and it began to leak, and a stream of ice water poured up from the bottom of the pit, and after a while the dug foundation pit was filled with water, and then froze to death. Mr. Xu went down to the company and soaked in the construction site with the soldiers every day, studying and discussing together, and a soldier said: If we know the law of freezing the frozen layer, we are not afraid of the leakage of the foundation pit. This sentence inspired Xu Zong, he synthesized everyone's opinions, called a few warriors, surveyed the upper and lower reaches of the glacier again, clarified the thickness of the ice layer on the yin and yang sides of the glacier foundation pit, especially the thickness of the ice layer frozen every day, came up with the method of layered excavation, and mastered the time, method and scientific use of the weather to solve the problem of leakage, and the bridge was built in advance.
It is necessary to design a cannon shaft position with hundreds of pounds of explosives. In order to accurately find the location of the cannon shaft, it is necessary to climb the volley surface to measure the height. The mountain is high and dangerous, Xu Zong is old, and the cadres and soldiers of the company do not agree with Xu Zong going up the mountain, and everyone says: We can measure and get back the data. Mr. Xu disagreed. The practice of others cannot replace their own practice, and the accuracy of the set gun position is related to whether or not we can build this road quickly and economically. Climb the cliffs and mountains, measuring one by one. The deviation on the drawing was found, the deviation was corrected, the gun position was measured, and the large explosion was successfully carried out, which accelerated the speed of the mountain.
Mr. Xu has many other inventions, such as "cold-induced and freeze-accelerated bridge foundation excavation method", "hill climbing truck transporting soil", "pickpocket boat bridge", "piercing hammer pile" and so on. With young fighters, he fascinatingly demonstrated the working attitude of the revolutionary protagonist and the exquisite and elegant spirit of scientific innovation in the alpine forbidden area.
Heroes are not afraid of suffering, and heroes who are not afraid of suffering are not afraid of death. Zhang Chunyu is such a representative, and Meng Xiangyu is also such a representative. The gun shaft collapsed, and he did not run outside, but went to a dangerous place to drain the stones and support the frame. A stone fell, and he held it up with his body, saving his comrades-in-arms. His foot was smashed, and his comrades took him to the hospital, and as soon as his foot could get off the ground, he returned to the construction site with a stick.
The site is busy and sometimes dangerous. This is true of kaishan, and it is also true of construction in tunnels. Tunnel construction not only "meets" the collapse, but also "meets" the groundwater. As soon as the groundwater was encountered, the tunnel was full of ice, and the entire tunnel became a "crystal palace", which made people cry and laugh, and prominently put the severe cold and cold in front of the cadres and soldiers.
Check the technical data, the data can not find the "solution to the groundwater is not frozen" method. At that time, there was a group called "three combination groups", that is, technical personnel, soldiers, and cadres. There are many such technical attack teams, and every unit has one. After a lot of field investigations, many methods, and experiments one by one, this unit's technical attack group came up with a batch of experiences in "uniforming cold and freezing," and one by one wrote down the data, summed up the characteristics, laws, and methods of drainage and freezing of groundwater: Dig a water discharge hole a few meters below the center line of the masonry tunnel. This method requires high technology and accuracy, which is equivalent to opening another tunnel in the tunnel. While digging the drainage hole, the warriors put on torches, stepped on the ice water, and dug an underground corridor in the tunnel with a shovel and a pickaxe, from which the groundwater was introduced into the drainage hole, and the problem of frozen water in the tunnel was solved. However, the drainage hole encountered difficulties in draining outward. As soon as the water leaked out of the cave, it froze, and it was blocked at the mouth of the cave and could not be discharged. The "three combinations" group proposed an earthen method: using tatou grass and river pebbles to create a thermal insulation cone at the water outlet, control the water temperature, prevent freezing, and then use the method of expanding the drop to speed up the water flow and increase and retain the water temperature as much as possible. Therefore, the method of cone insulation and increasing the heat of the water flow is no longer frozen when the groundwater flows out of the tunnel mouth, and there is no ice mound in the tunnel, which can be constructed normally, providing effective scientific research experience for excavating tunnels in alpine areas.
The "cofferdam" is also a remarkable invention. When the commanders and fighters experienced the cold in the practice of severe cold, the cold can make the river freeze for several feet, and this cold can also create a "natural pontoon bridge" for bridge construction: excavate the bridge foundation on the glacier, and then peel the ice layer by layer, freeze layer by layer, and the water flowing under the riverbed has been changed by people for thousands of years of freezing habits and achieved another natural "ice cofferdam", so that the cold is frozen at the bottom of the river, and the bridge foundation is excavated vertically. Many times, although the warriors' noses are frozen white, they still hope that the weather will become colder: build a "ride wall" next to the foundation pit; Cut the "wind channel" on the bank of the glacier, etc., and introduce the cold wind into the foundation pit and add cold to promote it.
More than fifty glaciers have been chiseled out of more than 120,000 square meters of ice ballast, more than 200 piers have been built, and more than 50 bridges have been built. More importantly, it has cultivated the "natural duty" of peacetime soldiers who do not care about gains and losses for the country and the people, and are not afraid of hardship and tiredness. This kind of vocation makes those of us who have experienced it recall at any time and under any circumstances, full of pride and heroism: "The railway soldiers are determined to be in all directions, and the battlefield is placed on the Xing'an Ridge..." Is a portrayal of that period of life.
Hundreds of kilometers of railway lines, filled with tens of millions of square earth, these tens of millions of earth and stone, except for a small amount of mechanical work, are completed by bulldozers. Alpine forest areas open mountains and split mountains, more stones, more frozen soil, more tree roots, construction requires a lot of explosives, is it to reach out to the state, or to solve it yourself? The soldiers said: Explosives are the national war material, and we can not extend this hand without reaching out. The unit organized cadres, soldiers, engineers, and technicians to wade through mountains and rivers to learn the experience of making earthen explosives in fraternal units. Back to their own troops, there is no factory, shed replacement, no raw materials, sawmill back sawdust, car detachment to pick waste engine oil... In less than two months, several small explosives factories were set up on the entire line.
The train will pass through Yongdusan Dala. The Dalagou of Longtou Mountain will excavate hundreds of thousands of square meters of frozen soil and rock. Zhou Zhi'an, a technician of the Fifteenth Regiment of the Third Division, led the soldiers to set up an explosives factory with an old tent and a few old iron plates. Mills that do not crush fertilizer flour, grind them with stone mortars, and grind them with stones; There is no drying equipment, the stove is fried, and it is baked with a kang; No filtration equipment, sifted with a sieve ... It was finally made into earthen explosives adapted to use in alpine regions. This explosive has good performance, can put earth cannons, stone cannons, water cannons, reduce the cost of the project, and save millions of yuan for the country.
In fact, the first phase of the development of Daxing'anling, the 80,000-strong army has saved more than 21 million yuan for the country. There is no insulation room for the prefabricated clay culvert, and the soldiers are pouring culverts section by section in the tents where they live, and each tent has become a thermal insulation room and a processing plant; There is no lighting equipment at the construction site, and the soldiers paste paper lamps, ice lamps, and burn bonfires to solve the lighting. At that time, many soldiers consciously used local methods and poor methods to overcome difficulties.
When a unit built a long tunnel, it needed to lay two or three hundred meters of water pipes from the hillside to pump the water under the glacier up the mountain, but before the water could be pumped up the mountain from the pipe, it froze into a popsicle. An application for a pipe insulation device was made to the State. Can this hand reach for the country? The company cadres let the soldiers discuss it themselves. The warriors said: Let's solve it ourselves. The warriors thought of many ways, first tied with grass rope, no; Irrigate with salt water, no, the cold will freeze the steel pipes; The warriors "took" out the housekeeping skills: "The earth fire dragon insulation method - a dozen old oil barrels are connected to the water supply pipe of the pumping machine, and then branches and dry firewood are cut from the mountains, and the open fire is heated, ensuring that the water pipe can also operate normally at a low temperature of minus 40 to 50 degrees... The "poor" method defeated the cold, and the water flowing under the glacier was pumped to the tunnel construction site of more than 80 meters, and the construction water was also solved by the way.
Bai Gala Mountain, also known as Rolling Rabbit Ridge Mountain, the mountain is steep, the terrain is precipitous, here to hit the tunnel concrete need to mix a large amount of sand and gravel, the car can not drive up the mountain, can only be shouldered by people, very affecting the progress of the project. Engineer Xu Guangyuan arrived at the company and felt that if a ropeway could be added to the cliff, the transportation could be solved. But where does a steel rope hundreds of meters long take root? The warriors tied safety ropes to their waists, risked firing cannon holes on the cliffs, dug tunnels, buried thick steel more than two meters long into the cave, tied thick steel ropes, set up ropeways, loaded cranes, and transported sand and gravel materials on the other side of the river directly to the mouth of the tunnel. Originally, a working surface required forty or fifty people, and with the "Ropeway Transport Law", two or three people were enough; In the past, dozens of cars supplied sand and gravel materials were still in short supply, and now there is no need for a car, and there is still surplus of materials, and the efficacy has increased by more than ten times, and the large tunnel of more than 390 meters has been completed in less than a year.
At the construction site of the troops, there are repair machinery teams, sewing and repairing tents, and repairing old waste teams everywhere... A machine was repaired and repaired, a tent was repaired and repaired, a work uniform was worn and handed over to the old soldier, and the old soldier was worn and handed over to the new soldier, the so-called "new three years, old three years, seams repaired for another three years." "The soldiers of the car company, everyone can drive, everyone can repair the car, the small repair can not be in the class, the middle repair can not be discharged, and the major repair cannot be completed." Dozens of parts of a car, more than 3,000 screws, disassembled, installed and disassembled, familiar with the performance of the car, mastered the repair technology, but also self-made excavation tools, soil equipment. There is no girder corrector, replaced with a jack; Without a riveted shovel, a steel brazing top is used; Without riveting, pick up a sledgehammer; The whole company relies on an old machine tool and a few vices to achieve automobile overhaul without connecting, and it can meet the needs of construction site transportation.
There are countless such stories, which are the main theme of development and construction. From this, I remembered the second half of Guo Weicheng's deputy commander Qinyuan Chunzi: Waiting for the moon and the sunset, looking at Su Juan's cage, and the manners are all square. Changlin is no longer lonely, and there are countless young people with high morale. Listen to the noise of the motor, the song is loud; Moving mountains to fill in the valley, construction is busy. In all directions, railways and highways, must be called remote areas to become Kangzhuang. ”
What a warm and broad communist passion and heart! I want to walk the road of my revolution like them, like those excellent Communists, without flinching!
Not a postscript (postscript)
The battle to develop the Daxinganling forest area began in August 1964 and ended in July 1974, which took ten years, and it is not an exaggeration to say that the cutting and planting of railways and highways and even forestry is a successful experience of many, fast, good and provincial. What is even more thought-provoking is that eight of the ten years of development were carried out during the Cultural Revolution.
In the spring of 1967, the 505 unit appointed Song Ruizhang, chief of staff, to form a "branch left" work office, with Lu Xinchuan, former secretary general of the secretariat, as director of the office, Feng Jinxiang, director of the security department of the Political Department, Ding Xianbang, director of the Youth Department, and Zhou Yilong, director of the office of the headquarters, leading hundreds of cadres to intervene in various units of the special zone in groups, support local work, and adhere to production. Before leaving, Political Commissar Su Chao said to those of us comrades who will go to localities to carry out special tasks: Whether in the troops or in the localities, we must not forget our battle mission, because the battle is the goal of the common struggle of the military and the people. Whether it is building roads or building forest areas, we must use revolutionary ideals to transform people's subjective and objective worlds and create miracles.
Participating in the construction of local work was the first time in my military career. Although it has been two years, it has made me sincerely feel that I and my comrades-in-arms, especially the comrades who have sacrificed their lives, have used their lives, blood and sweat to build a great new China, and it is worth it. Our people are so good that they deserve our hearts and our revolutionary will to love them. On June 13, 1976, the "People's Liberation Army Daily" published a report on Daxing'anling: "In the past ten years, as the railway has penetrated deep into the forest sea, more than 100 forestry enterprises, forest farms and wood storage yards have been built along the railway line, more than 3,000 kilometers of timber transportation roads and more than 60 kilometers of special railways have been built, and millions of cubic meters of timber have been harvested for the country every year and transported to all parts of the motherland. "It's a miracle. And here's how the miracle came:
The New Forestry Bureau, with 14,000 cadres and workers, is a modern forestry enterprise with an annual output of 800,000 cubic meters. In 1967, the output was one hundred, in 1968 the output was one hundred and thirty-one, and by 1976 the momentum of increasing year by year was close to five hundred, and the fiscal revenue of the state was handed over to more than 30% of the state's investment that year. The capital of the forest district, Gagdachi, has developed from a few huts for forest protection and fire prevention and hunters to a modern prefectural and municipal city inhabited by 100,000 people.
I have a small notebook that records some small things about working in the local area (two years), excerpts a few pieces, and shares them with you:
Two machines of the road construction team of Tahe Forestry Company were damaged, and the fuel tank leaked oil, which seriously affected the construction progress. The machine is broken and needs to be repaired, but there are no repair equipment and no workers to repair the machine. The secretary of the general branch remembered a person, the blacksmith furnace worker Li Qingrun, master Li was skillful and a capable person. The secretary of the general branch went to consult with him. Master Li said that he had repaired tractors and bulldozers, and although he lacked this and that, he accepted the task, repairing the machine more than 20 times in half a year. He also made his own flat shoulders, pickaxes, and earthen baskets, and everything that could be saved was saved for the country. Even if he had someone's rubber shoes broken, he bought his own glue for sticky shoes, and everyone slept at night, and he helped people to make up for them one by one. Liu Yutang, a construction worker, retrieved more than 40 earthen baskets in 3 months and continued to use them after restoration, happily saving more than 60 yuan for the country.
Xu Zhenchang, an old worker at the Tahe Housing Construction Office, has suffered from heart disease for a long time, and the leaders do not arrange his work to take care of him. He thought, he is a worker, but also a party member, has not worked for a long time, how can he be worthy of the country and the people? He repeatedly asked the leader for a job, but was rejected. He came up with a work method of "getting up early and being greedy": when the workers and leaders did not go to work, he secretly went to work; Workers, leaders go to work, he leaves. If he is seen by the leader, he puts down his work and leaves, the leader leaves, and he continues to do it. There was no way, the leader had to assign him to fight and watch the scene. While working, he picked up the nails, screws, hinges, handles, etc. that fell on the ground, and in less than half a year, the materials he picked up were worth 550 yuan.
Han Yusheng, a worker in the new forest, put on his own shoes and repaired them, but the newly purchased shoes were given to comrades in need. After a day of labor during the day, and seeing his comrades' pants torn at night, they mended them. When the comrades refused, he waited for them to sleep, turned on a flashlight, and quietly made up for it and put it back in place. Qi Yanbin, a recorder, ate coarse grains himself and gave fine grains to comrades who were not in good health to eat. Kong Shengxing and other female comrades from the Inner Mongolia Design Institute often dismantled and washed the bedding for the comrades, got up early and went to bed late, dismantled and washed the work clothes that had been scrapped, washed and supplemented, and solved more than fifty work clothes for everyone. Yu Chunxiang, a nurse at Tahe Hospital, said that patients want to eat noodles, but the canteen does not have them, so she will send them to the hospital at home and use her own money to buy canned and brown sugar for patients; Gynecologist Wang Shuzhi knew that the patient Ji Wen wanted to drink millet porridge, millet was difficult to buy for a while, she approved the grain department to feed her children's millet, boiled the porridge for Ji Wen to drink....
Such stories can be seen everywhere in Daxing'anling. The workers who participated in the battle did not regard suffering as suffering, did not treat tiredness as tiredness, but on the contrary, regarded doing more for the country and for others as happiness. Gao Weizhang, a worker in Tahe, heard that Li Yuxiu's family was ill and was in urgent need of money, sold his watch, and the money was quietly sent to Li Yuxiu's home; Hao Jixiang, a new forest worker, returned to Yichun to move, saw an old man who was lost, his face was anxious, and went forward to inquire, and the old man said: The wallet is lost, and there is no money to go home. Hao Jixiang gave the old man the only six yuan he had and seven pounds of food stamps. The old man was moved to tears and repeatedly asked Hao Jixiang's name, and Hao Jixiang said that he was a forestry worker in the Daxinganling Forestry Battle.
The forestry workers at the Battle of Daxing'anling were good. The workers in the brick factory are also good.
Construction needs wood, but also bricks, and this is how the brick factory was established, with seven acres of land. However, the mountains are high and the water is deep, and the brick factory "enough" cannot reach the water source; The stones are thin, the turf is peeled, the sand is more and the soil is less, and the comrades in the brick factory are surprised to find that they cannot find a source of soil for burning bricks. The leaders of the brick factory led the workers to find pieces of sand and mud, compare, experiment, knead the brick blanks by hand, put them in the furnace and repeatedly test fire... The problem of soil is finally solved. Dig a well to solve the water. One well hit more than twenty meters deep and still can't see the water, then hit the second eye, the third eye... The well did not produce water, but a pond was found behind the mountain. The water in the pond is surface water, and due to the low-lying terrain, the water seeps in from all directions, and the water source is sufficient. The brick factory decided to divert the water uphill and let the water flow backwards into the brick factory. To this end, the elevated road was built, made of wood into a water channel, and buckets of water were lifted into the air, from the wooden canal into the brick factory, and the brick factory was put into production eight days in advance. Daxing'anling has its own bricks.
Information provided by Ding Lan (author's daughter)
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Produced by He Yanning
EDIT: Have fun