One, 5 cents of the boundary between good and evil
One day in August 1989, Liu Yiping, a conductor at Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, was counting his ticket sales proceeds and found that he had lost 500 yuan in the money he should have received.
At that time, computers were still scarce high-end equipment, and flying was manual collection, manual ticket sales, manual change, and the same as the previous buses.
Therefore, it is rare to collect less money for a plane ticket at the airport, but it is not impossible.
She thought about it and finally remembered that she met a young couple today to buy tickets, and she confiscated the money and gave the tickets to others, and she couldn't say that people were intentional, they could only blame themselves for being too careless!
According to the available historical data, in 1991, the average monthly wage of guangzhou workers was 335 yuan, and the wage level in 1989 was even lower, Liu Yiping had just graduated from college and entered the society not long ago, the salary of course did not reach 335 yuan, 500 yuan is almost her 2 months' salary.
This made her panic, after all, 500 yuan is not a small amount, what can be done?
But to tell the truth, Liu Yiping's family conditions are not bad, even if the full loss can completely get this money, but this matter still makes her sleep and food difficult.
Liu Yiping, who was only 22 years old at the time, was a good child in the eyes of adults and teachers since she was a child, from primary school to middle school to college, her academic performance has always been excellent, so she has won countless awards, and she is accustomed to the praise of teachers and the envy of classmates.
At the end of the 1980s, after graduating from university, Liu Yiping was arranged to work as a check-in clerk at Baiyun Airport.
She not only studied well, but also had a beautiful birth, so from the beginning of the check-in staff was selected to baiyun airport ticket window such as external service positions, specifically responsible for customer reception work.
Baiyun Airport in the early 1990s
Don't say that at that time, even if Baiyun Airport is still one of the largest airports in China, people come and go all day long, and the passenger flow is huge, so Liu Yiping is very proud to work in such an important position.
But now that she's in trouble, maybe the unit will let her pay for the cost herself, maybe she will be fired by the unit, she doesn't know how her family will look at her, and she doesn't know how the neighbors will talk about it when they hear about it.
To make matters worse, she was married and she was worried about what her husband would say about her.
Such a thing is terrible enough just to think about it, let alone really happen to herself, which makes Liu Yiping feel very worried, of course, she did not dare to tell the truth to her parents and family.
She had to find a way to fill in this hole unconsciously, so that she would not leave any trouble behind, but also save her face.
She suddenly remembered that shortly after joining the company, a colleague told her that someone in the airport conductor had found someone privately swallowing the fare money for the waste ticket through illegal "ticket change".
What is a "ticket change"? This involved the relatively backward ticket mechanism of China's civil aviation industry at that time.
To put it bluntly, at that time, the plane ticket and the bus ticket were really not much different, it was also a ticket of two or three, of course, the bus ticket left in the hands of the conductor is a stub, the plane ticket also has a financial link, and sometimes one more settlement coupon remains in the conductor, and then the financial union (settlement union) and the ticket payment are sent to the finance for accounting.
There are huge loopholes in such a mechanism. Because the information on the ticket is all handwritten!
The information on the ticket coupon includes: passenger name, frequency of the aircraft, departure and arrival stations of the aircraft, departure date, fare amount, etc.
Yes, on tickets in the early 90s, these were all not machine-typed messages, but handwritten messages!
This means that a ticket salesman can change the amount of the ticket, the route, the number of people, and even the type of currency by rewriting the ticket information himself.
But there is an obstacle on this road, that is, you must sell a ticket and you must hand over the ticket money, and the ticket and the money must match, otherwise the financial account will be revealed.
Handwritten tickets from the 90s
It doesn't matter, there is a huge loophole here, which is the refund of tickets.
Since the airport ticket sales are not equipped with an electronic system, the conductor can even forge the refund, if the unit refund also needs to be stamped to confirm, the individual refund only has a signature. As for whether the signature is personal, only God knows.
What is even more bizarre is that these payments paid through refunds can not be reported at that time, which is simply out of line.
For Liu Yiping, the operation mode of changing the ticket is as follows:
For example, passenger A took a flight from Guangzhou to Beijing, the fare was 300 yuan, but after the passenger left, Liu Yiping "voided" the ticket by forging his signature, which became a refund, and since the ticket was refunded, it had to be refunded.
The money was thus returned into the conductor's pocket. Anyway, passengers will not hand over their tickets to the airport to check, this thing can be described as unconscious, ghostly.
Moreover, the airline will not check the actual passenger boarding situation with the airport, which is equivalent to half of the road facing the sky, and no one cares about anyone.
Of course, the airport finance will register the sales daily newspaper every day to prevent omissions, but the data of the sales daily newspaper still comes from the conductor! In fact, the airport financial mechanism at that time was like a sieve, full of loopholes.
It is such a road, Liu Yiping hesitated for a long time, she is not stupid, the education she received from childhood told her: it is illegal to do so, at least it is a violation of the airport regulations.
So is it really worth it to go for 500 bucks? Vanity, "face" and compliance were repeatedly fought in her mind, and in order to give herself an "answer", she found a 5 cent coin and decided to make a choice for herself by tossing a coin.
Between good and evil, right and wrong, black and white, the practice of tossing a coin is inherently ridiculous, is it up to the coin to decide whether to do such a bad thing or not?
It is not 500 yuan, it is not a big deal to be dismissed by the company to find a new unit to start over, and many young people in the society can now think more clearly than Liu Yiping at that time.
But she actually crossed the minimum bottom line of being a person for her so-called "face", which shows that her parents and school have failed in her education.
Now all the photos of Liu Yiping that can be found are pasted up, no way
In fact, for liu Yiping to deal with such an accident, there are many choices, the best strategy is to tell the family that they have made mistakes in the unit and have no money to lose, let the family first pay to put the gap on the mat, and then earn the salary and then slowly return it to the family. Of course, whether the parents pay or the husband pays, it is actually unlikely that she will pay it back.
Zhongce is to take the initiative to report to the company and propose to voluntarily take responsibility, so that whether it is done in the future at Baiyun Airport or not, she can be a dignified person, and perhaps the company will continue to retain her for the sake of her young first offender.
The next strategy is to report the situation to the company and then offer to resign, people are gone, the company can no longer chase her for money, right? After all, it is not a big money.
In the future, it may not be possible to stay in the civil aviation industry in Guangzhou, but Liu Yiping is also beautiful and high-quality, and it is not a big problem to be a clerk in other units and find a job in the office.
As a result, this little girl did not even choose the next strategy, but chose a unique strategy, which really made people speechless.
There is no right or wrong in the coin itself, what is wrong is people, starting from the act of tossing a coin, Liu Yiping's life has gone astray.
According to Liu Yiping herself, she tossed several coins in a row, and finally the "change of vote" side, so she made up her mind to change the ticket the next day.
The ticket was changed, the money was "refunded", and the gap of 500 yuan was also filled, but Liu Yiping was not relaxed in her heart, on the contrary, she always felt that she might be caught wearing a gang, so she was worried.
But perhaps fate gave her a chance to turn back to the shore, and several days passed, and the airport top brass did not move at all, and did not seem to find anything unusual.
The so-called "from good as ascending, from evil to collapse", such things as breaking the law and committing crimes, there are not once or twice, only once and countless times.
From such an experience, Liu Yiping found a dark path to satisfy his dark desires.
In the late 90s, the airport ticket window finally had a computer
Second, she walked farther and farther on the road to the cliff
Liu Yiping's heart is conceited, and many people who had a smooth sailing in their youth have a different conceit in their hearts than others.
Judging from the words she wrote, the emotions are delicate, the words are exquisite, and she is not a vulgar and ignorant person.
She felt that she was capable of being a conductor forever, and she thought that she would be able to open a factory in the future, formulate a set of strict rules and regulations, make a lot of money, and become a "capitalist in the new era". She also dreamed of using the money she earned to give her parents a good life.
Guangzhou is one of the first coastal cities to contact reform and opening up, and there are many people who open factories to do business, so although the idea of making money to be a boss seemed abrupt in the early 90s, it was normal to think about it carefully.
However, in order to realize these so-called illusions, what Liu Yiping thought of was not to rely on his own diligence and hard work to obtain the income of labor, but to use this illegal and disorderly way of making money that he had just discovered, and repeatedly tried to get lucky and embezzle the interests of the collective.
It didn't take long for her to repeat the trick and start to change the ticket to embezzle the ticket money, and as the number of crimes increased, her technique became more and more "sophisticated" and the amount became larger and larger.
For example, the ticket for international flights was "refunded" and changed to domestic flights, "received" RMB, "refunded" US dollars, changed the group tickets of several people into individual tickets, and finally even evolved into direct modification of the amount of tickets, and the tickets of several thousand yuan were rewritten into hundreds of yuan.
The daily sales newspaper that she was required to turn in every day was changed beyond recognition by her pen.
As a result, a large number of "refunds" fell into Liu Yiping's personal pocket, and from August to October 1989, she embezzled a total of 160,000 yuan in three months.
But this was just the beginning, when she was at the height of her crime, embezzling 140,000 yuan in public funds in a month.
The streets of Guangzhou in 1991
To say how much Liu Yiping can spend money, it is not necessarily that she does not buy luxury goods, nor does she have the habit of eating and drinking high-end consumption. And shrewd she has a special eye since she began to embezzle public funds: if you spend too much money at once, it is easy to arouse suspicion, so it is better to keep a low profile.
In April 1990, Baiyun Airport conducted an audit and found a large deficit.
After all, the auditors are much more professional than finance, and they didn't spend much effort to lock the biggest suspect on Liu Yiping.
Seeing that the public security personnel came to find him, Liu Yiping calmly followed them to the public security bureau, and explained the passbook and cash storage location of his embezzled public funds one by one.
This also surprised the police: they thought that the little girl would at least deny it if she did not abscond, but they did not expect her to cooperate so much.
In the eyes of the police, Liu Yiping is really a little girl, she was only 22 years old when she was arrested, her eyebrows were clear, and even her voice was soft and delicate, and she couldn't see that she was a big embezzler.
According to the public security organs, she embezzled a total of more than 348,000 yuan and 12,800 yuan in foreign currency in 8 months, equivalent to a total of 535,000 yuan. She was useless in this money, how she had embezzled it at the beginning, and now it is still recovered as it is.
In 2021, the average annual wage of workers in Guangzhou is 78,045 yuan, or 6,503 yuan per month, which is equivalent to 19.4 times the monthly wage of 335 yuan in 1991, and according to this rough calculation, 535,000 yuan in 1991 is about equal to 10.39 million yuan today.
In terms of the amount of embezzlement alone, this amount has surpassed the vast majority of corrupt officials at that time, but to say that she is a "corrupt official", she is not even a cadre, just a small conductor at the airport.
On November 13, 1990, the Guangzhou Intermediate People's Court held a hearing on Liu Yiping's embezzlement of public funds, and Liu Yiping appeared in court to be tried and confessed to his criminal facts in court.
At this time, it seems that the "good boy" Liu Yiping has returned, and she feels that things have reached this point, it is better to confess completely, and maybe she can change her own life.
Of course, the attitude of confession is one aspect, but not the whole story, for adjudicators. The law only looks at the circumstances and does not consider assumptions.
In August 1989, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Supreme People's Court jointly issued the Circular on Corruption, Bribery, Speculation and Other Criminals Must Turn Themselves In and Confess Within a Time Limit. Liu Yiping continued to commit crimes wantonly after the "Circular" was issued, and the amount of embezzlement was particularly huge, which belonged to the crime of defying the wind.
In line with the principle of killing one person to make an example and severely punishing one person to save countless people, on June 6, 1991, the Guangzhou Intermediate People's Court held a public trial meeting at the Guangzhou Civil Aviation Bureau and sentenced Liu Yiping to death and immediately executed him.
News reports at the time
Liu Yiping was only 23 years old this year, and she became the youngest criminal to be sentenced to death for corruption since the reform and opening up.
It is true that she did not expect that she would be sentenced to death, and when the court pronounced the verdict, although she was shocked, she still maintained her rationality, which can also be seen in the text of the suicide note she left before her death.
“...... When you are alive, you are aware and conscious. I don't know how many days later, I will be taken back by it, so that the white-haired people who remain will tearfully look at the clear sky and groan in search of my traces? ”
A gunshot rang out, and a young life disappeared.
Embezzling more than 500,000 yuan was sentenced to death, which may seem too severe now, especially under the premise that Liu Yiping did not use the stolen money at all, and all the money was recovered.
After all, the concept in the early 1990s was completely different from now, when the ten thousand yuan households were a rare group, and some people had never seen so much money of more than 500,000 yuan in their lives.
Therefore, Liu Yiping's case also caused a controversy after the verdict. Some people say that the sentence is too heavy, some people say that the sentence is appropriate, and most of the people who say that the sentence is heavy are considering that Liu Yiping did not spend a penny and had a good attitude of admitting guilt.
The appropriate sentence is mainly to consider the judgment made in the context of cracking down corruption and the situation that Liu Yiping embezzled a very large amount.
Of course, with the development of social economy, the amount of corruption that has been identified by the corrupt elements who have been arrested is getting bigger and bigger, and today, the amount of embezzlement of hundreds of millions of yuan and billions of yuan of huge corruption has appeared repeatedly, and the amount of embezzlement of more than 500,000 yuan more than 30 years ago is naturally not enough to see.
If measured purely by the current scale, it is easy to conclude that the sentence was too heavy, but few people may know that on July 24, 1977, Tang Lanying, an accountant at the Matang Town Credit Union in Rudong County, Jiangsu Province, was sentenced to death for embezzlement.
At that time, how much money did Tang Lanying embezzle? More than 40,000 yuan.
Public trial of embezzler Tang Lanying
Third, a tragedy reflects a common social disease
If it were not for the shooting for embezzling huge sums of money, Liu Yiping's life would still have at least fifty or sixty years to go.
But judging from the fact that a not too serious arrears incident pulled her to a dead end, even if there was no accident at that time, such a person would still have an accident in the future.
Since you can lie and steal money for your own so-called face, then of course you can also break the law for other things.
If you want to ask Liu Yiping who blames this tragedy, you have to talk about her distorted outlook on life and values.
She has been the darling of the family since she was a child, what she wants, no one tells her the serious consequences of breaking the law, no one teaches her how to face setbacks and take responsibility.
Changing tickets and embezzling public funds may be as simple as playing a game for Liu Yiping, saving the money she has embezzled and looking at the proud "numbers", this evil "making money" seems to satisfy a sense of accomplishment in her heart.
Every time Liu Yiping took the public money for herself, she would get "positive feedback" psychologically and push her to carry out the next illegal crime.
Whether it was earning money or stealing it, it was a pleasure thing for her, and she hardly considered what kind of means it was.
This can't help but be reminiscent of in the exam, most people rely on real strength to test their scores, but there is also a kind of people rely on cheating, as long as they can get high scores and not be discovered, they can get teacher praise, reward small red flowers, and even be on the red list.
The praise of the teacher is a great motivation for almost all students, and for cheaters, if cheating can get a high score once, then there is no doubt that there will be a second and third time in the future.
Common small slips of paper
Each of us will be surrounded by some such "strange" people, but to different degrees.
Everyone knows that the college entrance examination is the most stringent and serious selection test in the country, but there are still cheating addicts who try to confuse the eyes in the college entrance examination process.
In fact, just over a year before Liu Yiping's accident, there was also a big embezzler Yi Fang in the Guangzhou civil aviation system, which also used loopholes in the refund mechanism, Yi Fang and her husband embezzled more than 3 million yuan in more than two years and squandered it, and both were sentenced to death after the East Window incident.
And Yi Fang and Liu Yiping's growth experience is highly similar: she has been a "three good student" and "excellent Communist Youth League member" since she was a child, and soon after joining the company, she was scared to cry because of the difference in checkout of 100 yuan.
And I have seen another story of similar evil.
The secretary of the chairman of a large company took advantage of the convenience of filling out the reimbursement form for the chairman, and by fraudulently receiving public funds and falsely reporting the amount of false reimbursement, he withdrew more than 3 million yuan of the company's funds in two or three years for his own car purchase and house squandering.
Obviously it is a 5,000 yuan ticket, plus a zero becomes 50,000 yuan, only need to engage in some fake tickets, the financial department can not distinguish.
The most outrageous thing is that the chairman casually said: If so-and-so does a good job, she will be rewarded with 100,000 yuan, and afterwards she actually found financial change in a serious way, and the financial asked what the leader of 100,000 yuan did, and he calmly replied: Reward so-and-so.
If I hadn't seen myself as a quiet girl, I wouldn't have believed that the other side of her was such a bold person.
Knowing the face knows the face and does not know the heart
In the 1980s, shortly after the beginning of reform and opening up, test scores occupied an absolutely dominant position in education, with students using scores as heroes and teachers using scores to determine performance, and the influence of this fractional theory lasted for almost thirty or forty years.
If education only looks at grades, regardless of people's character and thoughts, then such education is likely to create some freaks.
Their purpose is highly simple: self-interest. The means are varied, but all of them are harmful. When they are young, they are for scores, and when they grow up, they are for fame, for profit, and for removing others who get in the way.
Now such people have a "scientific" title: refined egoists. There are many exquisite egoists who are talented and talented, admitted to Tsinghua University, studied at Peking University, opened a company, became the boss, whether it is a career or a business way, they are playing well, but in the end they are all lost in the middle of the way.
Don't look at them crying and weeping in front of the camera, pretending to be pitiful, in fact, when they break the law and commit crimes, they are very aware of the consequences of their actions and the future fate.
Pretending to be pitiful, sympathetic, and saying regret actually shows that they have high emotional intelligence, high IQ, and know how to seek the greatest benefits for themselves in the most unfavorable situations.
So the highly intelligent refined egoist is the most frightening.
Xiaobian believes that the function of school education is not only to teach knowledge, teach thinking, teach methods, but also to let children know black and white, distinguish between right and wrong, and right and wrong.
The reason why schooling has something that family education cannot reach is that it places children in an environment similar to a small society, rather than a safe haven like the family.
The family made a mistake, broke a bowl, broke a piece of furniture, the adults are nothing more than two words, rarely really do it.
In a small society, everyone must also pay the price for their own behavior, eat small hardships, plant small heels, and then avoid eating big hardships and planting big heels in the real big society.
As shown in the figure
Say 10,000 sentences "can't cheat, don't cheat, cheating gets 0 points", it is better to punish cheaters to sweep the school gate for a week, let them know that the loss caused by violations of discipline will be much greater than the gains, which is enough to make many people not want to cheat for a lifetime.
The fight against corruption must be grasped from an early age and from the school.