[Confucius language] Restrain yourself and be rich in etiquette, this is benevolence

Micro-Chinese Studies

Credit: Zhang Zhengyi

Explanation of the Forty-first

【Original】

King Chu Ling 's widow (Note 1). Right Yin Zige (Note 2) sat down, and Left Shi Yixiang (Note 3) approached. Wang Yue: "It is Liang Shiye, and the son is kind to him." He can read the Three Tombs, the Five Classics, the Eight Sols, and the Nine Hills (Note 4). "The history of Fu Liang, remember the transgressions of the king, and promote the goodness of the king." And this son is an official, not a good history. (Note 5): "The subject is also tasting (Note 6) Yan, and king Mu of Xizhou wants to run his heart (Note 7), and will go through the world, so that all the ruts and traces of horses (Note 8) will be passed." The priest plotted his father's "Prayer Zhao" (Note 9) to stop the king's heart (note 10), and the king was killed in the Wen Palace (note 11). The subject asks (Note 12) his poetry is known, and if he asks far away, he can know. Wang Yue: "Zi Nenghu?" Right: "Yes." His poems read: "Pray for Zhao Zhi Shu Hu, Style Zhao De Yin (Note 13), Si I Wang Du, Style Like Jade, Style Like Gold (Note 14)." The power of the people, but no drunkenness (Note 15). The spirit king (note 16) rushed in, fed without eating, without sleeping, and for a few days he could not overcome his feelings, and it was difficult for him(note 17).

Confucius read Qizhi (note 18) and said: "The ancients had aspirations (note 19): 'Self-denial is benevolence(Note 20).'" 'Letter (Note 21) Zenya! If King Chu Ling could do so, would he be humiliated by Qianxi (Note 22)? Zi Ge is not a left history, so the wind (note 23) is also called poetry, shunya (note 24). ”

【Notes】

(Note 1) King of Chuling: King of Chuling, king of the State of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Mingwei, reigned for 12 years (540-529 BC). Wang Su's note: "Arrogance and luxury." This record is also found in the 12th year of the Reign of the Left Emperor.

(Note 2) Right Yin Zige: Wang Su Note: "Right Yin, official name." Zi Ge, Zheng (Siku ben "Ran") Dan. ”

(Note 3) Zuo Shi Yixiang: Personal name, Chu State Historian. Left history, Zhou Dynasty history officials divided into left history and right history.

(Note 4) Three Tombs, Five Classics, Eight Suo, nine hills: Wang Suo's note: "Three Tombs, the Book of the Three Emperors. The Five Classics, the Code of the Five Emperors. "Eight Soso", Sofa. "Nine Hills", Guoju also. "According to legend, they are all distant classical texts, and they are now famous.

(Note 5) 曰: Four libraries, the same text none.

(Note 6) It is a taste: the four libraries and the same text are "taste questions".

(Note 7) Wanton: Do as you please. Wanton, indulgent, unbridled. Wang Su's note: "Wanton, extreme." ”

(Note 8) Ruts and traces: The same text "rut" is used as "辄", and the four libraries and the same text do not have the word "and".

(Note 9) Zhài Gong Mou Father's "Prayer Zhao": Wang Su's note: "Father Mou, Zhou Qingshi." "Qizhao", the title of the poem, Yuqi Jinggong as the joy of the emperor and the courtiers, Gai Yue "Requisition" (四庫本此 and下 "Strokes" ju zuo "Zhao"),"Horn Strokes" is also. Zhao, it is advisable to be a trick. "Left Transmission" is a trick. According to the "Zuo Biography", Mu Gong would conscript inuyasha and sacrifice his father to the father, thinking that the previous king "Yao De did not observe the soldiers" and composed the poem "Pray Zhao".

(Note 10) Stop The King's Heart: Wang Su's note: "Stop the King's Heart's Escape Tour." "Stop, make use, make stop."

(Note 11) Received the death in the Wen Palace: The death is said to be the end of life, and it has not been usurped. 殁, the original work "殆", according to the four libraries, the same text changed. Wen Palace, the name of the palace. It is the residence of King Mu of Zhou. The Zuo Zhuan (左傳) is the "Gion Palace", which was originally located in Nanzheng, which is now the north of Hua County, Shaanxi.

(Note 12) Q: The original work "Wen" was changed according to the four libraries and the same text.

(Note 13) Praying for Zhao Zhi (yīn) 愔胡, style Zhao De yin: Wang Su Note: "Pray Zhao (昭, 四庫本作 "for virtue") 愔愔, pray for the peace of Zhao Le, and its method is enough to show its virtue. "Sullen, harmonious, serene.

(Note 14) Si I Wang Du, style like jade, style like gold: Wang Su note: "The Dharma degree of si wang, such as jin yu chun (pure, siku ben as "ran") beauty." "Poetry" Yun: 'Pursue its chapter, gold and jade its appearance.' '' formula, a conjunctive word.

(Note 15) The power of the criminal people, but there is no heart to be drunk and full: Wang Su's note: "The punishment of the people's strength is invincible, there is no drunken heart, and there is no tiredness in words." ”

(Note 16) Wang: The Four Libraries were originally written as "three". mistake.

(Note 17) In: the same text, universal work "its".

(Note 18) Chronicle: Record.

(Note 19) The ancients have aspirations: these four characters and four libraries, the same text is not.

(Note 20) Self-denial is benevolence: Wang Su's note: "Ke, win." Words can overcome one's own selfish feelings, and if it is restored to etiquette, it is benevolent. ”

(Note 21) Letter: Sincerely, indeed.

(Note 22) Insulting Qianxi: Wang Su's note: "The Spirit King raised the platform of Zhanghua in Qianxi, and the people of the country collapsed and died." Period, the auxiliary, expresses doubt, as "its". Siku Ben, Yuhai Tang Ben, and Zuo Zhuan as "Qi". (Note 23) Wind: "Irony", exhortation with implicit words.

(Note 24) Shunya: Shun, Tao, Reason. For example, the Book of Han: "Filial piety, the great shun of the world." Rita, the foundation of life. This means moral.

【General Solution】

King Chu Ling indulged in extravagance. Once, Right Yin Zige sat next to him, and Zuo Shi leaned over quickly. King Chu Ling said, "This man is a good historian, you must treat him well!" He was able to read books such as the Three Tombs, the Five Classics, the Eight Sops, and the Nine Hills. Zi Ge replied: "The so-called good historian should record the faults of the monarch and display the good deeds of the monarch." And this person is only an official who embellishes literary words, and cannot be counted as a good historical official. He also said, "I also heard that King Mu of Zhou wanted to indulge his selfish desires and prepare to travel around the world, so that the world would be full of traces of the carriages and horses he had walked." The priest's father made a "Prayer Zhao" to advise King Mu of Zhou, and King Mu of Zhou was thus able to do good deeds to the Wen Palace. I once asked The Minister about this poem, and he didn't know, but if he asked something farther, where would he know? King Chu Ling said, "Then you know what? Zi Ge replied, "I know." The poem says, "The joy of prayer and the ease of joy are enough to show the voice of the virtuous." Remembering the demeanor of our king, as pure as gold and jade. Now it is an unbridled abuse of the people's power without any satisfaction. King Chu Ling listened, and Xiang Zi ge went into the room, did not eat the food he had served, could not lie down and could not sleep, and after several days he still could not restrain himself, so that he encountered disaster.

Confucius read this account and said, "In ancient times, there was such a record: 'To restrain oneself and return to the system of etiquette is benevolence.' That's really good, if King Chu Ling could do this, how could there be the humiliation of Qianxi? Zi Ge is not a left history, so it can only be satirized. This is moral. ”

Source: "Confucius Language"

Author: Yang Chaoming Song Lilin

About the Author/Profile/

Yang Chaoming

Famous contemporary scholars, Confucians, and historians.

He is a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the president, professor and doctoral supervisor of the Confucius Institute of China. He is currently an academic committee member of the Confucius Foundation of China, an editorial board member of Confucius Studies, and the deputy director of the Nishan World Confucianism Center.

Song Lilin

He studied Confucianism under Professor Yang Chaoming, director of the Confucius and Chinese Culture Research Office of the School of History (Confucius) Culture of Qufu Normal University, deputy director of the Center for Traditional Chinese Studies, and distinguished researcher of the Confucius Institute of China.

What is home style

...........................

A reinforced concrete house is stationed in people, with the temperature called home, the family has a good, upward wish, remind each other, supervise each other, is the tutor; in order to be effective, to assist the tutor to advance smoothly and agree with each other, is the family rules; the good, upward wish is summarized into a refined word, is the family training. The core values of socialism are the Chinese's motto. Writing the names of more people in the family and the family in the book is the family tree.

In the family, for a good and upward wish, to achieve the yearning for a better life, the process of tutoring, refining the family training, establishing the family rules, and formulating the family tree is collectively referred to as the family style.

——Zhang Jianyun