During the Spring Festival holiday, watching the wonderful competition of the Winter Olympics ignited the passion of many ice and snow sports enthusiasts.
Skating on your feet and navigating the ice tracks, this is an exclusive time to exchange speeds with winter.
Pedaling skis and galloping on the pistes is an exclusive time to exchange passions with winter.
Seeing this, are you starting to rub your fists and get ready to go to ice in front of the screen?
Don't worry! Don't worry! While enjoying the joy of sports, we should pay attention to protection to avoid accidental injuries.
Ice and snow sports enthusiasts who enjoy the charm of ice and snow and exert their passion for sports will have acute injuries such as ankle sprains, joint dislocations, and muscle strains if they are not careful. For example, on the short track speed skating field, some skating enthusiasts often fall and impact due to physical contact, resulting in shoulder dislocation and shoulder collar joint dislocation. In these emergencies, it is extremely important to master the correct treatment of injuries, which is not only conducive to preventing the aggravation of injuries and accelerating recovery, but also to prevent the development of acute injuries into chronic injuries.
Ankle sprain
Ankle sprains, commonly known as "bad feet" in life, are easy to occur in ice and snow sports. What structures did the "foot" damage? What should we do?
After the foot is lost, there will often be pain, tenderness, swelling of the ankle area, limited ankle joint movement, and inability to walk with weight. There are many types of ankle sprains, which are mainly divided into lateral ankle sprains, medial ankle sprains, and inferior tibia-fibula joint sprains (high ankle sprains) according to the direction of the foot. Ankle sprains are often accompanied by ligament injuries that reduce ankle stability, a sense of balance and coordination, and the ability to oriente movements.
The most common ankle injury in sport is a sprain of the lateral ankle, while most ankle sprains involve injuries to the anterior fibular ligament. The anterior fibula ligament is an important ligament that plays an important role in maintaining the basic anatomical relationship of the ankle joint. If the anterior fibula ligament is injured, the ankle movement ability will be greatly reduced, which is no less harmful than ankle fracture.
Repeated ankle sprains can lead to structural instability, loss of normal ankle motor ability and propriocular balance and coordination sensation, which in turn causes clinical manifestations such as repeated injuries, long-term joint instability, early degenerative bone changes and chronic pain, which we call habitual sprains. A study of basketball players found that repeated sprains of the ankle were almost 5 times more likely than the first injury.
Usually, an acute sprain of the ankle is x-rayed to rule out the fracture. Acute ankle sprains without fractures can be treated conservatively.
The current recommendation for conservative treatment is to follow the "POLICE" principle. namely:
Protect
Use a protector to protect the ankle joint. There are many types of protective gear, the most ideal should be inflatable ankle boots, which can protect the injured ankle joint very well.
Optimal Loading
Under the premise of full protection of the joints, proper weight-bearing walking is conducive to the recovery of sprains.
Ice
Ice is applied for 15 to 20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours, within 48 hours after the injury or until swelling resolves.
Compression
Pressurized bandages are applied as early as possible to help reduce swelling. Be careful not to tie it too tightly, otherwise it will affect the blood supply to the affected foot.
Elevation
Keep the affected foot elevated above cardiac level, sitting or lying down, to further relieve swelling.
6 to 8 weeks after an ankle sprain, arthroscopic minimally invasive surgery is recommended for arthroscopic ankles if: persistent pain and or joint instability or repeated sprains (habitual sprains of the ankle); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggests ligament injury or cartilage injury.
contusion
Contusions are the most common soft tissue injuries and are also common in snow sports, mostly due to blunt sexual violence or heavy object blows. Common manifestations mainly include local swelling and pain, bruising of the skin, and severe and even limb dysfunction.
Then for the emergency treatment of contusions, as soon as there is limited mobility, ice is given immediately to control swelling and bleeding of soft tissues. Minor contusions require only local immobilization, rest, and elevation of the affected limb, which can quickly reduce swelling and heal. In addition to the above treatment, severe contusions can also be treated with topical anti-swelling and analgesic drugs, and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
fracture
There are three main reasons for fractures:
1. Force directly acts on a certain part of the bone and causes fractures in that part, often accompanied by different degrees of soft tissue damage.
2. When indirect violence occurs, fractures occur at a distance through longitudinal conduction, leverage or torsion. For example, when the foot falls from a height to the ground while skiing, the torso is sharply flexed forward due to gravity, and the vertebral body at the junction of the chest and waist spine can be compressed or burst fractured.
3. Stress fractures, which are fractures caused by long-term stress acting on bone sites, are also known as fatigue fractures. The most common manifestations of fractures are pain, swelling, deformity, and limited mobility of the limbs.
In general, fractures that occur during exercise are closed fractures, and targeted first aid treatment mainly includes fixation and analgesia.
Fracture fixation benefits most injured people. Fixation prevents the fracture from shifting or failing to reduce the fracture, shielding the site from further injury and reducing pain. There are many methods of fixation for simple fractures, including the use of splints, casts, braces, and finger tying (a method of bandaging) and suspension-wrapped bandage fixation. In emergency situations, splint fixation is preferred for fractures with a low risk of displacement, mainly because the soft tissue around most fracture sites will be swollen. If the site of acute injury is fixed with a cast, there is no room for swollen tissue, and tissue ischemia, stress damage, and even iatrogenic compartment syndrome may occur.
Adequate analgesia is also an important measure to manage acute fractures. Fracture fixation, ice, elevation of the affected limb, and the use of analgesics can all help reduce pain. After emergency treatment, the injured person shall be promptly sent to the hospital for further treatment.
During the ice and snow sports season, everyone must be fully prepared and pay attention to avoid accidents and injuries.
Pure ice and snow, passionate dating.
Help the Winter Olympics, together to the future!
The author | Huang Wei, Associate Professor of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Reviewed by | expert of the National Health Science Popularization Expert Database
Zhao Bin, chief physician of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
Planned | Tan Jia
Editor| Liu Yang
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