"Zhou Bo Tomb" Shang Dynasty rammed earth platform foundation excavation area in the south
"Zhou Bo Tomb" Shang Dynasty rammed earth platform foundation southwest corner of the base trough
Yuzhuang Northwest Han Dynasty Road
The report of Shi Donghui of the Henan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology is entitled "Excavation Harvest of Zhengzhou Xiaoshuangqiao Site in 2021". The site of Xiaoshuangqiao is an important Shang Dynasty site, and its cultural outlook is dominated by the Baijiazhuang period of the Shang Dynasty. There are 4 excavation sites in 2021: one is the excavation area of the "Zhou Bo Tomb" Shang Dynasty rammed earth platform foundation, the second is the south side area of the "Zhou Bo Tomb" Shang Dynasty rammed earth platform foundation, the third is the northwest of Yuzhuang Village, and the fourth is the northwest of Yuegang Village. The excavation of the rammed earth platform foundation of the "Zhou Bo Tomb" of the Shang Dynasty has been helpful to explore the nature of the foundation, and further promoted the understanding of the layout and nature of the Xiaoshuangqiao site. The excavation of the southern area of the rammed earth platform foundation of the "Zhou Bo Tomb", the northwest of Yuzhuang Village and the northwest of Yuegang Village allows us to further clarify the cultural accumulation and cultural appearance of the Xiaoshuangqiao site. The excavation of the Xiaoshuangqiao site has further promoted the understanding of the process of social complexity and civilization in the northwest suburbs of Zhengzhou.
[The report was published at the "2021 Henan Archaeological Work Achievements Exchange Meeting" held in Nanyang, Henan on the afternoon of December 17, 2021]
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The Xiaoshuangqiao site is the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units, located in Xiaoshuangqiao Village, Shifo Township, Zhengzhou City, including Yuegang, Gezhai and Yuzhuang, and the cultural age of the main body of the site is equivalent to the second phase of the upper layer of Zhengzhou Erligang. The site is large in scale, covering an area of about 4 square kilometers, with high cultural connotation specifications and the nature of a Duyi site. The discovery and excavation of the Xiaoshuangqiao site has narrowed the distance between the early Shang culture of Zhengzhou Shangcheng and the late Shang culture of Yin Ruins, and to a certain extent filled the gap in archaeological research in the middle of the Shang Dynasty. Domestic academic circles believe that the site of Xiaoshuangqiao was the capital of Zhongding in the middle of the Shang Dynasty, and Zhengzhou Shangcheng was the capital of the early Shang Dynasty. In the middle of the Shang Dynasty, Zhongding moved his capital from Zhengzhou Shangcheng in the center of Zhengzhou. The Xiaoshuangqiao site coincides with the Shang culture of the Baijiazhuang period in Zhengzhou Shangcheng, and coincides with the record of Zhongding's self-migration to the Falcon; the Shandong Yueshi cultural artifacts excavated from the Xiaoshuangqiao site coincide with the records of Zhongding Valanyi.
In the archaeological work in 2019, in order to further clarify the accurate scope of the site and determine the cultural accumulation characteristics of various areas of the site, excavations were carried out in the south of Xiaoshuangqiao and the southwest of Yuegang Village, and drilled on the rammed earth platform of the Shang Dynasty of the "Zhou Bo Tomb". In the excavation area southwest of Yuegang Village, a total of 53 ash pits, 1 tomb, 4 wells, 1 road and 3 ditches were excavated, and the cultural relics dated the Shang Dynasty, the Warring Han Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty, mainly in the Shang Dynasty. A large number of pottery, bones, bronzes, mussels and primitive porcelain have been excavated in these four wells. At a depth of about 8 meters from well J4, the skeletons of two cows and a sheep were also unearthed. This should be after the 4 wells were abandoned, they were used as garbage pits, and all the broken clay pots, bones after divination, and even dead cattle and sheep were thrown into it. Moreover, the rectangular square stone tool found in well J4 is the only square hole stone tool found in the periphery of the central area since 1995. Combined with the pottery of Yueshi culture style unearthed in recent years, it can further deepen the understanding of the exchange between the Shang culture and the Yueshi culture in the Erligang period and the relationship between Shangyi and Yi.
On December 3, 2021, at the 2021 Summer Culture Forum held in Zhengzhou, Shi Donghui of the Henan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology introduced the new archaeological progress of the Xiaoshuangqiao site. In the eastern part of the central area of the Xiaoshuangqiao ruins, there is a high platform known as the "Tomb of Zhou Bo", which has been confirmed by archaeological drilling and investigation as a rammed earth platform foundation built in the Shang Dynasty. Experts believe that the rammed earth platform foundation of the Shang Dynasty of the "Zhou Bo Tomb" is the key to clarifying academic issues such as the nature of the Xiaoshuangqiao site. After archaeological excavations, it was found that the Gaotai strata have been used in the Shang Dynasty, warring states, Han Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, qing Dynasty, that is, this rammed earth platform foundation has been used for generations. At the top of the rammed earth platform, a large number of Shang Dynasty architectural remains have been found. Some experts speculate based on rammed earth structures and "wooden bone" column network structures, etc., that this may be a three-story high-rise building in the Shang Dynasty, and if the speculation is true, it will be one of the earliest high-rise buildings found so far.
Shi Donghui introduced that after archaeological excavations, it was determined that the date of the rammed earth of the building was the Xiaoshuangqiao period of the Shang Dynasty (the middle of the Shang Dynasty was early). The discovery of a large number of Shang Dynasty remains on rammed earth platform foundations is helpful for exploring the nature of rammed earth platform foundations, and also helps to understand the layout and nature of the Xiaoshuangqiao site.
Zhou Bo was a founding hero of the Han Dynasty and a historical and cultural celebrity. According to the historical records of Zhengzhou Fangzhi, the tomb of Zhou Bo is located in the south of Xiaoshuangqiao Village in the northwest of Zhengzhou, and the local people call it "Laozuka". After years of archaeological investigation and excavation, the site of Xiaoshuangqiao is considered by most experts to be the site of the capital city of the Shang Dynasty in the early middle of the Shang Dynasty. This high platform, known as the "Tomb of Zhou Bo", is not the tomb of Zhou Bo, but a rammed earth platform foundation built in the Shang Dynasty. Experts believe that the rammed earth platform foundation of the Shang Dynasty of the "Zhou Bo Tomb" is the key to clarifying academic issues such as the nature of the Xiaoshuangqiao site. Archaeological excavations in the past two years have shown that the High Terrace strata have been used in the Shang Dynasty, the Warring States, the Han Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Ming and Qing Dynasties, that is to say, this rammed earth platform foundation has been used for generations. At the top of the rammed earth platform, a large number of Shang Dynasty architectural remains have been found. Some experts speculate based on the rammed earth structure and the "wooden bone" column network structure, etc., this may be a three-storey high-rise building in the Shang Dynasty, if the speculation is true, it is one of the earliest high-rise buildings found so far.