An article to understand the life of the poet Saint Du Fu! The full text is more than 9,000 words, worth watching carefully!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > teenager Du Fu</h1>
In 712, in the first year of Emperor Ruizong's reign, Du Fu was born in Yaowan, Gong County, Henan Province, Henan Province (present-day Nanyaowan Village, Gong County, Henan). In front of this village is a beacon mountain, and there is a yanchi nest in front of the mountain. According to legend, Du Fu was a celestial wenxing official, who took a fancy to the beacon mountain and The Yanchi Nest in the village, and felt that this place was a good place for putting pen and ink, so he went down here.
Du Fu's mother, Qinghe Cui, died a few years after his birth, and his poor brother died young. Fortunately, his stepmother gave birth to four younger brothers and a younger sister for him, and became a relative he has been thinking about for the rest of his life. Because his father Du Xian had been an official in other places for a long time and could not return home once in a few years, Du Fu was fostered at a young age in the second aunt's house in the Eastern Capital Luoyang Jianchunmen Renfeng.
His aunt, kind and kind, loved little Du Fu very much. Legend has it that one year, Du Fu and his aunt's son were infected with the infectious disease of the time, so they asked for help from the witch, who said that she should sleep by the southeast corner of the house. Du Fu's aunt then swapped Du Fu with her son, who slept in the southeast corner. Soon after, his cousin died of illness, but Du Fu's illness got better day by day.
Although Du Fu did not live with his parents, he was also cared for by his relatives a lot. In this environment, you can concentrate on learning and concentrate on poetry. His grandfather, Du Zhenyan, was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and was known as the "Four Friends of the Article" along with Li Zhao, Cui Rong, and Su Wei. With such a grandfather, Du Fu naturally admired and proudly said, "My ancestors' poetry is ancient" and "poetry is my family affair". Writing poetry is a thing that makes little Du Fu very proud. Born in such a poetic family, Du Fu began to compose poetry at the age of seven, "seven years of thinking is strong, opening his mouth to sing the phoenix", it can be seen that Du Fu was very good at a young age.
When Du Fu was six years old, because of the torrential rains and flash floods in his hometown of Gong County, the family lived in Gaocheng and had the privilege of watching the sword dance performance of Gongsun Daniang. Gongsun Daniang's dashing and flowing dance posture gave Du Fu a great aesthetic shock to his young mind. Until his later years, Du Fu still did not forget this experience of appreciating the sword dance:
In the past, there was a beautiful Gongsun clan, and a sword dance moved in all directions.
The viewer is as depressed as the mountains, and the heavens and the earth are low for a long time.
㸌如羿射九 sunset, jiaoru Qundi 骖龙翔。
Come like thunder to collect anger, like the river and sea condensed clear light.
Under the influence of the family environment and his own efforts and talent, Du Fu, who was fourteen or fifteen years old, had already emerged in the Literary Circle of Luoyang. At that time, the literary and heroic predecessors Li Yong and Wang Han, as well as the social celebrities Cui Shang and Wei Qixin, all came to visit Du Fu, and after two moves, they all said that Du Fu had the style of Ban Gu and Yang Xiong.
Du Fu had a bold personality and was also famous in Luoyang, and naturally met many friends, including the singer Li Guinian. Li Guinian's moving singing voice also had a beautiful shock to the young Du Fu! In his later years, when he met Li Guinian in Changsha, he couldn't help but sigh:
It was common in the Qi King's mansion, and Cui Jiutang smelled it several times before.
It is the good scenery of Jiangnan, and the flower fall season is also the king.
Under the care of his aunt, Du Fu's childhood and youth were relatively happy, coupled with the perennial mix in the Circle of Friends in Luoyang, the quality of the circle of friends was relatively high, and his knowledge and insight were at the top level at that time.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="177" > roams the quad</h1>
In his twenties, Du Fu did not idle at home, but carried out a decade-long roaming: first south to Wuyue (around Zhejiang in southern Jiangsu) and then north to Qi Zhao (around Hebei, Shandong).
At that time, it was in the heyday of Kaiyuan, datang society was prosperous, young people did not have many pressures such as employment and mortgages, and many people would choose to roam. Some are for study and visiting friends, some are for the purpose of learning immortals to visit the Tao, and some are purely for tourism. For example, At that time, Li Bai also liked this kind of roaming very much, and posted in the circle of friends that "the eldest husband must have the ambition of the four directions, but to fight the sword to go to the country, and to resign his relatives and travel far". Of course, Du Fu was able to make a walk-and-go trip at this time, which was also related to the fact that his father was still an official at that time and his family was relatively wealthy.
Du Fu's first stop on his trip was Jiangnan. First, it may be that the beautiful scenery here attracts Du Fu, and the second is that he has his uncle and uncle who are officials in the Jiangnan area, and he also has a caretaker.
Du Fu set off from the Luoyang Waterway and followed the canal to Gusu (Suzhou). After arriving in Gusu, after punching in and brushing the circle of friends, he followed the route of Qin Shi Huang's eastern tour to the Zhejiang area. He crossed the Qiantang River and visited Huiji City and Xixi City, attracted by the beautiful local scenery and lingered. The young man was energetic and wanted to cross the sea to see Fuso, where the sun rose, but this idea did not come true.
The trip took three or four years. In the twenty-third year of the new century (735), the twenty-four-year-old Du Fu returned to his hometown of Gong County to take the imperial examination. Du Fu, who had just played with the scenery of Jiangnan and the rhyme of the Six Dynasties, conceited that "reading books break through ten thousand volumes, and writing like a god", thinking that he could go to high school in one fell swoop. Unfortunately, the ideal is very full, the reality is very bone, and Du Fu's name falls on Sun Mountain.
Du Fu was not discouraged by the failure of the examination, and soon arranged a trip to Qi Zhao. Du Fu passed through Handan and Qingzhou and arrived in Yanzhou in the 28th year of the new century (740). Du Fu traveled to Yanzhou because his father Du Xian was serving as Sima of Yanzhou at this time and came to the province to kiss him. Arriving in Yanzhou, Du Fu ascended Mount Tai and wrote the imposing "Wangyue":
How about Dezongfu? Qilu Qingwei.
Create Zhong Shenxiu, yin and yang cut dawn.
Swinging the chest was born in the clouds, and decided to enter the bird.
Will be the top of the mountain, overlooking the mountains small.
In the twenty-ninth year of the new century (741), Du Fu ended his travels, returned to his hometown, and married the daughter of Yang Yi, the shaoqing of Sinong. In the second year of Tianbao (742), the aunt who loved Du Fu died in Luoyang, and Du Fu was very sad.
At this time, Du Fu was thirty-one years old. Du Fu, who returned from a trip to Yanzhou, is more than thirty years old and has a family, but he has not yet worked, and he began to panic a little. Think about how happy I have been in the past ten years, traveling in the north and south of the motherland, happy in the rivers and lakes, how bold. But back to reality, in order to live, we have to face the sophistication of people and fight with each other. This made du Fu, who was arrogant and arrogant, feel very depressed for a while. At this time of bitterness, Du Fu met a friend who was very compatible with his temperament, and this person would be with him as the two most shining stars, shining in the Culture of the Tang Dynasty. He is Li Bai!
At the turn of the spring and summer of the third year of Tianbao (744), Du Fu met Li Bai in Luoyang, who had been given gold by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, and the two of them were eager to immediately start a trip to leave. But Du Fu's grandmother Lu Shi died, and Du Fu went back to mourn. In September, Du Fu returned to Luoyang to join Li Bai.
At this time, Li Bai, like Du Fu, was slapped hard by reality. In the first year of Tianbao, Tang Xuanzong summoned Li Bai to Chang'an, but did not entrust him with heavy use, Li Bai's personality was arrogant and frivolous, and he was not tolerated by Yang Guifei and Gao Lishi, and was eventually given gold and released.
The two Tang Dynasty literary heroes, with the same spirits, decided to join hands to swim in the great rivers and mountains. In the autumn of the third year of Tianbao (744), Du Fu and Li Bai crossed the Yellow River and came to Wangwu Mountain near Jinan, Henan Province, to visit the Taoist monk Hua Gaijun. Later, he went to Liang Song with him, where he met another poet, Gao Shi. When the three of them met, they were extremely happy, and they boarded the restaurant in LiangYuan (present-day Kaifeng) and talked about wine and poetry. At this time, Li Bai was forty-four years old and was already famous all over the world; Gao Shi was forty-three years old, and his biansai poems were also famous. Du Fu was only thirty-three years old, and he did not have any poetry to hand.
At this time, Du Fu greatly admired Li Bai and Gao Shi, admiring their magnificent imagination and strange ideas. After drinking the wine, the three people were not exhausted, climbed the high platform, composed poems and nostalgia, and used poetry to express their sense of not meeting their talents:
In the past, I traveled to the Song Dynasty, but Liang Xiaowangdu. The name is now Chen Liuya, and the drama is Bei Weiju. There are 90,000 homes in Yizhong, and Gao Dongzhao passes through the qu.
The boat and car are half a day, and the hosts and guests are more entertained. The white blade is unjust, and the gold is poured out. In the red dust of killing, the retribution is in Sishu.
Remembering with Gao Li, on the intersection of wine. Two male strong algae thoughts, I have to color the blush. Qi is on the stage, and Huaigu looks at Pingwu.
As soon as the clouds of mangs were gone, the geese and birds called out in the air. The first emperor was just martial, and the Huanhai had not withered. The fierce general will take over the western region, and the long halberd will break through the forest hu.
A million attacks on a city, and the victory is not lost. The group practice is abandoned like mud, and the ruler is negative. The pioneering work has not been completed, and the yuan and ci are big furnaces.
Chaos away from friends, years together. I will be overwhelmed, and I will cry out again. Depression is a shame, alone in the corner of the sky.
By the yellow has gone to the district, the mortal horse disciples have gone to the district. No more seeIng Yan Bao, tie the boat and lie in the thorn witch. Vomiting more food before eating, often afraid of violating the caress.
"Remembrance"
The three of them traveled from Liangyuan to Songzhou (present-day Shangqiu, Henan). In Songzhou, there is a large zeal, Li Bai described it as "eagle Haolu grass white, fox rabbit fat and fresh", so the three people in it called eagles to chase rabbits, galloping and hunting. After that, he came to the single father and climbed the single father platform in the north of the city. Here, in terms of ancient and modern times, we will discuss the current situation:
The past and Gao Li, late on the single father stage. Cold and cold, thousands of miles of wind and clouds. Mulberry leaves are like rain, and the flying weeds go back to Peihui.
Frost and frost, animals and animals have more mourning. It is the time to be in the warehouse, and the cave is open to the Huan district. The warrior thought of destroying Hu and would look at the three platforms.
The king has no regrets and controls the heroes. Youyan sheng uses martial arts, and supplies are also laborious. Wumen turned to Millet, PanHai Ling Penglai.
"Journey of the Past"
In the fourth year of Tianbao (745), Gao Shinan's downstream calendar, Li Bai went to the Ziji Palace in Qi Prefecture (present-day Jinan, Shandong) to receive Gao Tianshi's "Dao Zhen", Du Fu went to visit his old friend Beihai Taishou Li Yong, and the three were separated. In the autumn of the same year, Li Bai and Du Fu gathered in Yanzhou again and spent an unforgettable time. During this period, the two often wrote wine and poetry, and searched for hermits, so that they could not get away with it.
Qiu Lai took care of Shang Piaopeng and did not feel ashamed of Ge Hong on Dansha.
Drinking and singing in the air, flying for whom.
"Gift to Li Bai"
In the winter of the same year, Du Fu needed to rush to Chang'an, and the two separated. The two great poets never saw each other again. At other times, Li Bai gave a poem to Du Fu:
After a few days of drunkenness, I climbed all over the pool.
When the stone gate road, there is a heavy golden bottle open.
Autumn waves fall on Surabaya, and the sea is bright and wandering.
Fly away from each other and hold the cup in your hand.
"Lu County East Stone Gate Sends Du Erfu"
After the farewell, Li Bai traveled to the sand dunes to miss Du Fu and wrote a poem to give to Du Fu:
I have come to hell out of the city of Dunes.
There are ancient trees on the edge of the city, and the sound of autumn is continuous.
Lu wine can not be drunk, Qi Song empty feelings.
Sijun Ruowen water, the mighty send the southern expedition.
"Send du Fu under the Dunes City"
It can be seen that the deep friendship between the two great poets!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="85" > Seek Shi Chang'an</h1>
In the fifth year of Tianbao (746), the thirty-five-year-old Du Fu came to Chang'an. Entering Beijing this time, Du Fu was eager to enter the army. He actively befriended powerful people, such as Zheng Qianyao, the donkey horse, and Li Zhen, the king of Ruyang. He also wrote many poems to give to the magnates, hoping to be introduced and seek an official and a half-position. This was a very common way to enter the world at that time, and Li Bai once used this to enter the court, but unfortunately Du Fu did not go through this road. In the sixth year of Tianbao (747), Du Fu once again participated in the system, but he fell behind. The failure of the examination is not that Du Fu is not talented enough, but that this system is actually a scam arranged by Li Linfu of Xiangguo, and all the clothed people have not been lifted, in order to show that "there is no wilderness". This deception made Du Fu feel very sad and indignant, and he was also disappointed in the imperial court. In this mood of loss, Du Fu couldn't help but spend four years traveling with Li Bai on the happy days, writing poems to remember Li Bai:
Bai Ye poetry is invincible, floating in thought.
Fresh Yu Kai Province, Junyi Bao joined the army.
Weibei spring tree, Jiangdong sun twilight clouds.
When a bottle of wine, heavy and fine papers
"Spring Day Remembers Li Bai"
Until the tenth year of Tianbao (751), Du Fu actively visited the magnates and sought positions, but unfortunately did not succeed. At this time, his father also died, he did not have a job, and his life became more and more impoverished, and Du Fu lived a life of "selling medicine in the city and sending food to friends". The imperial examination failed, and the search for recommendation was not successful, and Du Fu decided to dedicate it directly to the supreme ruler.
In the ten years of Tianbao, Tang Xuanzong held three grand ceremonies to worship The Xuanyuan Emperor (Laozi), the Taimiao Temple, and the Heaven and Earth. Du Fu took the opportunity to offer three major gifts, singing praises and praises, and whitewashing Taiping. Although this offering was effective, Du Fu did not immediately get the position, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ordered Du Fu to wait for the Jixian Yuan, that is, to wait for the appointment of the imperial court.
While waiting for the imperial court appointment in Chang'an, Du Fu's life was still very hard, and he often needed relief from relatives and friends. This kind of poor life made Du Fu have a deep resonance and sympathy for the people at the bottom. At that time, in the last year of Tianbao, in the early stage of the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion, the society was peaceful on the surface, but there were already many crises in the dark. The ruling class is extremely extravagant, the ruling clique is exhausted, and the burden on the shoulders of the people is excessively heavy. In the tenth year of Tianbao (751), passing by the Xianyang Bridge, Du Fu witnessed the tragic situation of conscription at that time and wrote "Soldier Carriage Line":
The car is rudder, the horse is Xiaoxiao, and the pedestrian bow and arrow are each at the waist. Ye Niang's wife walked to send each other, and the dust did not see the Xianyang Bridge. He cried in the middle of nowhere, and the cries went straight up into the dry clouds. Passers-by ask pedestrians, pedestrians but clouds travel frequently. Or from the fifteenth north of the river, it will be to the forty west of the yingtian. When I went, I was wrapping my head and returning to the white side. The side court was bleeding into seawater, and Emperor Wu did not hesitate to open the border. Jun did not hear of the Han family in Shandong 200 prefectures, thousands of villages fell into the thorns. Even if there are healthy women who hoe and plow, there is nothing in the acres of grass. The Qin soldiers endured hard fighting and were expelled from dogs and chickens. Although the elderly asked, did the servant dare to complain? And this winter, I have not rested in Kansai. The county official is in a hurry to ask for rent, where does the tax come from? Faith knows that men are evil, but it is good to give birth to women. The child Judah had to marry his neighbor, and the boy buried the grass. Jun is not seen, Qinghai head, ancient white bones are not collected. The new ghosts are annoyed with the old ghosts crying, and the rainy and wet chirping.
Du Fu waited in Chang'an for more than a year, but there was no result, and he was very disappointed and dissatisfied in his heart, and he had the intention of returning to his hometown and retreating. After that, he also interfered with Jing Zhaoyin Xianyu Zhongtong and Longyou Jiedu ambassador Ge Shuhan, but there was no result. At this time of bitterness and sorrow, Du Fu became acquainted with the painter Zheng Qian, and the two of them either traveled together or eliminated the wine, and the depression in Du Fu's heart was dispelled before, and he slowly released his nostalgia for the matter of entering the world. After that, Du Fu longed for pastoral life and actively searched for a place to settle, and finally found a place to live in Xiadu City, a suburb of Chang'an. Xiadu City is close to Zhongnan Mountain, which belonged to Duling County in the Han Dynasty and was also the ancestral home of Du Fu. Therefore, Du Fu often referred to himself as "Duling Yelao" and "Duling Yeke". During his stay here, Du Fu lived a leisurely life, not only taking over his family to live together, but also getting along well with the local people and creating many idyllic poems.
Due to repeated encounters in his career, Du Fu's life was poor and he also suffered a lot of blank eyes from others. The family lives in Chang'an, and the expenditure is not small, and it is gradually difficult to support. Du Fu had no choice but to send his family to his relatives in Fengxian County (present-day Pucheng, Shaanxi) and stayed in Chang'an to await appointment.
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), the tenth year that Du Fu had been trapped in Chang'an, Du Fu finally waited for the appointment of Lieutenant of Hexi County, in charge of prison and taxation. Waiting for many years was such a position, which was very different from Du Fu's political ideals to Jun Zemin, so he decisively refused this appointment. Later, he was reassigned to the Right Guard to lead the fu soldier Cao to join the army, responsible for guarding the armor equipment, managing the access control lock key, and acting as a janitor. After waiting for many years, it was such a result that made Du Fu feel sad. There is no way, life is forced, this also has to be done, helplessly he used the doorman work is easier to comfort himself:
Do not be a Lieutenant of Hexi, desolate for the bend of the waist.
The old man is afraid to go away, and he leads the house and is at ease.
The wine must be slightly lured, and the song is sung to the holy pilgrimage.
The old mountain returned to the end, looking back at the wind.
"Official Post-Drama Gift"
In the winter of the same year, Du Fu returned home for a reunion, and who had thought that he had just arrived at the house to learn that his young son had died of starvation. The pain of losing his son made him sad and indignant. Ten years of bumpy road to the world, all kinds of heartache and hardship, all gushed into the heart. Over the years, Du Fu not only saw the difficulties in the lives of the people in society, but also personally experienced the misfortunes of life. Dissatisfaction with the ruling class, contradictions to ideals and ambitions, and various emotions intertwined, and he created a vast and profound and profound work entitled "Five Hundred Words from Beijing to Fengxian County", which profoundly exposed the absurdity and corruption of the ruling clique and the hardships and hardships of the lives of the people. Among them, the famous sentence "Zhumen wine smells of flesh, and the road has frozen bones" is even more ruthless to explain the social reality of the disparity between the rich and the poor.
The Tang Dynasty also declined in the extravagance of the ruling clique. By the time Du Fu composed this masterpiece, the Anshi Rebellion had already broken out in Fanyang. Soon, the riot swept through most of the empire.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="117" > war-torn displacement</h1>
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), on November 9, An Lushan and Shi Siming rebelled. In the first month of the following year (756), the rebels attacked Luoyang, and An Lushan proclaimed himself Emperor of Great Yan in Luoyang and marched into Tongguan. In May, Du Fu left Chang'an and sent his wife and children from Fengxian to Baishui to settle in his uncle's house. Because Emperor Xuanzong of Tang successively executed Gao Xianzhi and Feng Changqing, who had fortified Tongguan, he had to recruit the elderly GeShuhan to guard Tongguan. In June, unable to resist Tang Xuanzong's urging, Ge Shuhan went out of Tongguan to engage the rebels at Lingbao, and was defeated miserably, Geshuhan surrendered, Tongguan was lost, and Baishui fell. At this time of war and chaos, Du Fu led his family to flee north, and the road was arduous, and finally reached Yanzhou (鄜州, in modern Fu County, Shaanxi). Du Fu originally wanted to go to Lingwu to join Li Heng of Tang Suzong, but he took his family with him and the road was inconvenient, so he temporarily lived here.
On June 9, Tongguan was lost, and on the night of the twelfth day, Tang Xuanzong fled from Chang'an with Yang Guifei, Yang Guozhong, and close ministers. Ma Songpo, the generals were dissatisfied with Yang Guozhong and others for harming the country and the people, and launched a mutiny to kill Yang Guozhong and forced Emperor Xuanzong to hang Yang Guifei to death. After the incident, Tang Xuanzong continued to flee to Chengdu, and the crown prince Li Heng remained in Guanzhong. On July 3, Li Heng took the throne at Lingwu. In August, Du Fu, who had settled down with his family, went to Lingwu alone and defected to Li Heng. Unexpectedly, he was caught by the rebels on the way and escorted to Chang'an.
In the spring of the second year of Germany (757), hundreds of flowers bloomed in Chang'an City, and birds and flowers were fragrant, but Chang'an fell into the hands of the rebels, and the ruins and walls that had long been destroyed were no longer prosperous. At this scene, Du Fu wrote bitterly:
The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is deep in spring grass and trees.
When I feel the flowers splash tears, I hate the birds and be frightened.
The flames lasted for three months, and the family letter arrived at ten thousand gold.
The white head scratches are shorter and more overwhelming.
"Spring Hope"
Trapped in Chang'an, Du Fu worried about the country and the people while missing his wife and children:
Tonight in the month of The State of The Moon, I only look at it alone.
Pity the little children, and do not remember Chang'an.
The incense mist clouds are wet, and the qinghui jade arm is cold.
When to lean on the false pretense, double photo tear stains dry.
"Moonlit Night"
In April of the second year of Germany (757), Guo Ziyi marched into Chang'an, and a major battle with the rebels was on the verge of breaking out. Du Fu learned the news and managed to escape from Chang'an and went to Fengxiang to meet Emperor Suzong of Tang. Du Fu, who saw the Son of Heaven, was overjoyed and left with tears of excitement. On May 16, Emperor Suzong of Tang appointed Du Fu as Zuo Shiyi, who was mainly responsible for advising the emperor and recommending Xianliang. Du Fu was very satisfied with this official position. However, he was then involved in the Fang Zhen incident and almost died.
After the fall of Chang'an, Fang Zhen fled with Tang Xuanzong to Chengdu, and was later appointed by Tang Suzong as the prime minister to lead the army to fight. However, Fang Zhen did not understand the military, and after the defeat of Aosaka and the framed by political enemies, his position as prime minister was deposed. Du Fu, the new governor, resolutely wrote a letter opposing the resignation. Tang Suzong was furious, and Du Fu was punished.
Du Fu only served as Zuo Shiyi for a few months, and was disgusted by Tang Suzong for his outspoken advice. In the autumn of that year, Du Fu left Fengxiang and returned to Yanzhou in the north to reunite with his family. Du Fu, who returned to the countryside, had some joys and worries, happy about family reunions and happy neighborhoods; worried about the broken mountains and rivers and the displacement of the people. During this period, Du Fu created some idyllic poems to record life. At the same time, worried about major national events, he created a long poem "Northern Expedition", which depicts the chaos of soldiers and horses and the suffering of the people, and profoundly reflects the social reality.
In September of the second year of Germany (757), Chang'an, which had fallen for two years and three months, was recaptured; on October 8, Luoyang was recaptured. On November 28, Emperor Suzong of Tang returned to Chang'an. Du Fu was very happy to hear that Chang'an and Luoyang had been recaptured. In November, Du Fu led his wife and children back to Chang'an and continued to serve as Zuo Shiyi.
In June of the first year of the Qianyuan Dynasty (758), Du Fu was implicated and demoted to the post of Sigong of Hua Prefecture (华县, Shaanxi) to join the army. At the end of the same year, Du Fu returned to Luoyang and Visited Yanshi.0 At the beginning of the second year of Qianyuan (759), Du Fu returned to Luoyang after a brief stay at Yanshi, and then left to return to Huazhou. At this time, it was the Tang army facing Shi Siming in Yecheng. On the way back to Huazhou, Du Fu encountered many fleeing people and witnessed their suffering. The war and the oppression of the ruling class greatly shocked Du Fu's heart, and on the way, Du Fu created the immortal poem "Three Officials and Three Distinctions", which sadly accused the ruling class and praised the patriotic spirit and noble qualities of the working people!
After the establishment of the autumn of the second year of Qianyuan, Du Fu gave up his post of Sigong of Huazhou to join the army. On the one hand, because of the famine in Guanzhong, on the other hand, Du Fu was already forty-eight years old at this time, and he was still only a small Sigong who joined the army, and Du Fu no longer had hope for his political future. After resigning, Du Fu first reached Qin Prefecture and defected to his nephew Du Zuo. In Qinzhou, Du Fu's life was very hard, and he also worked as a business of collecting medicines and planting medicines. Qinzhou is located in the dangerous position of Longyou into Guanzhong and Shuzhong, and belongs to the border defense town, where Du Fu created many border poems.
It is full of sorrow and sorrow, because people make a long journey.
Late back to the degree of cowardice, vastness and sorrow.
The water falls on the fish and dragon night, and the mountain sky birds and rats fall in autumn.
The Western Expedition asked about the beacon fire, and the heart was broken and drowned
"Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou · Part I"
Du Fu lived in Qinzhou and composed more than forty five-law poems. There are not only the depictions of the scenery of the border plugs, but also the thinking of the deliberative army, and the lyricism of missing relatives and friends.
After a brief stay in Qinzhou for a year, Du Fu was invited by a friend to leave for Tonggu (present-day Chengxian County, Gansu), where he had a hard journey, but his friends did not give practical help. From Qinzhou to Tonggu was the most difficult year of Du Fu's life, which could be described as poor, because of the lack of food, he had to brave the cold to go to the mountains to collect acorns to fill his hunger. In desperation, Du Fu took his family and continued south, passing through Shu Dao and Jiange, and finally reached Chengdu after a long journey at the end of the second year of Qianyuan (759).
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="191" > lives in Chengdu</h1>
When he first arrived in Chengdu, the scenery here attracted Du Fu:
Zengcheng filled in the Chinese house, and the trees in the winter were green.
Noisy metropolis, blowing pipes between the springs.
Du Fu decided to settle down here. In the spring of the first year of the first century (760), with the help of Gao Shi, Yan Wu and other friends, Du Fu built a grass hall on the bank of Huanhua Creek in the west of the city, known as "Du Fu Caotang", also known as "Huanhua Caotang". At this time, Du Fu was almost fifty years old, and finally had a place to live. Du Fu carefully managed the caotang and built it into a beautiful garden, not only opening up farmland, but also planting peach trees, bamboo, plums and other trees.
The neighbors who lived with Du Fu in Huanhua Village ranged from the retired Wang Xianling to the hermit Zhu Shanren. They were all hospitable and often came to visit Du Fu and go out together to have wine. The caotang has beautiful scenery and three or five friends, and Du Fu's life here is very interesting. Du Fu lived in the Caotang for less than four years twice, but he created more than 260 poems, most of which were pastoral poems, describing the pleasant life at that time. We are familiar with "two yellow orioles singing green willows, a row of egrets on the blue sky." The window contains the West Ridge Thousand Autumn Snow, and the door berths the East Wu Wanli Ship" was also created during this period.
Du Fu lived here, loved farming, was close to the peasants, and often followed them to engage in agricultural work. In the spring, when a spring rain is in place, you can create a masterpiece:
Good rain knows the season, when spring is happening.
Dive into the night with the wind, and the moisturizer is silent.
The wild trails are dark and the river boats are alone.
Xiao looked at the red wet place, and the flowers were heavy in the official city.
"Happy Rain on Spring Night"
Du Fu admired the Wuhou Ancestral Hall and wrote "Shu Xiang"
Where to find the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister, Outside the Jinguan City, Persensen.
The green grass of the ying order is self-colored, and the yellow orioles in the next leaf are empty and good.
The three Gu frequently annoyed the world's plans, and the two dynasties opened the hearts of the old ministers.
He died before he could get out of the division, and the hero was in tears.
In the autumn of the second year of the first century (761), Du Fu climbed the Zhangren Peak of Qingcheng Mountain and wrote "Zhangren Mountain"
Self-proclaimed Qingcheng guest, do not spit on Qingcheng land.
For ai zhangren mountain, Danti is close to the seclusion.
The Ancestral Hall of the Zhangren Temple is full of gas, and the edge cloud intends to live on the highest peak.
Sweeping away the white-haired yellow essence, Jun looked at him when the ice and snow looked.
Of course, although Du Fu's life in the Caotang was idyllic, it was not rich. First, they live here idly and have no income; second, they have a large population in their families. Fortunately, there are many friends to support, such as friends Gao Shi often come to help.
In August of the second year of the first century, an autumn wind swept away the thatch of the grass hall, and Du Fu pushed himself and others to write "The Song of the Hut Broken by the Autumn Wind":
In August autumn, the wind was furious, rolling up the triple grass on my house. Mao Fei crosses the river and sprinkles the outskirts of the river, the high one hangs on the long forest tops, and the lower one floats to the sinking pond pass. The Nancun group of children deceived me old and weak, and endured to face the thief. Blatantly hugging mao into the bamboo, his lips burning and dry mouth, he returned with a cane and sighed to himself. The Russian wind is fixed in the clouds and inky colors, and the desert turns to darkness in autumn. The cloth has been cold as iron for many years, and the delicate child is lying down and cracking. The bedside house leaks out of nowhere, and the rain feet are like numbness. Since the mourning chaos less sleep, long nights wet how to do it! Ande Guangsha tens of millions of rooms, shelter the world's cold people are happy! The wind and rain do not move like mountains. alack! When I suddenly saw this house in front of my eyes, I was alone and froze to death!
In July of the first year of Baoying, Du Fu's friend Yan Wu left Chengdu for Chang'an to take up his post, and Du Fu sent Yan Wu to Mianzhou. Yan Wu left Chengdu, and Chengdu ShaoYin Xu knew of the rebellion and sent troops to occupy the Sword Pavilion, and Du Fu could not return to Chengdu, so with the help of Li Lingjun, he first took refuge in Zizhou. In Zizhou, Du Fu received preferential treatment from the Zizhou Assassins, so Du Fu took his wife and children to Zizhou to live together.
In the first month of the first year of Guangde (763), Shi Siming's son Shi Chaoyi was defeated and hanged, and his generals Tian Chengsi and Li Huaixian surrendered one after another, and at this point, the eight-year-long "Anshi Rebellion" was declared over. Du Futing said this good news, ecstatic, old tears:
Outside the sword, ji bei was suddenly heard, and the first smell of tears filled his clothes.
But he saw where his wife was worried, and the book of poetry was ecstatic.
Singing in the daytime must indulge in alcohol, and youth is a good companion to return home.
That is, from the Ba Gorge through the Wu Gorge, it will go down to Xiangyang and luoyang.
"WenguanJun Collects Henan Hebei"
In March of the second year of Guangde (764), Du Fu was overjoyed to hear that his friend Yan Wu had been entrusted with the task of Jiannan Dongxichuan Jiedushi, so he returned to Chengdu Caotang with his wife and children. After returning to Chengdu, Yan Wu arranged Du Fu to serve in his own shogunate. In June, the imperial court appointed Du Fu as a staff officer in the Jiedu Envoy Office and a member of the Inspection and School Work Department, so posterity called Du Fu "Du Gong Department".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="169" > east to Jingxiang</h1>
In April of the first year of Yongtai (765), Yan Wu died of a violent illness, and Du Fu lost his support in Chengdu, so he decided to take a boat east. In early summer, Du Fu took his wife on a boat to the east. The group descended east along the Min River, passing through Jiazhou (present-day Leshan), Qianwei, Rongzhou (present-day Luzhou), Yuzhou (present-day Chongqing), and Chungju, and when they reached Yun'an (present-day Yunyang), Du Fu temporarily lived here for half a year due to lung disease and rheolysis.
In the early summer of the first year of the Gregorian calendar (766), Du Fu arrived in Kuizhou from Yun'an and lived there for one year and eight months. Located in the Three Gorges and with beautiful scenery, Du Fu created many masterpieces here, such as the well-known "Eight Arrays" and the famous "Eight Songs of Autumn Xing".
Gong cover three points of the country, named into the eight arrays.
The river does not turn, and the hatred is lost and swallowed.
When Du Fu was in Kuizhou, several of his close friends were in the Jingxiang area, and they often wrote letters to Du Fu and invited him to come and play. His younger brother Du Guan was in Dangyang at this time, and he sent a letter asking Du Fu to reunite. After du fu received the letter from his relatives, he was very happy, so at the beginning of the third year of the Gregorian calendar (768), he left Kuizhou and went to Dangyang. After arriving in Dangyang, Du Fu took his wife and children to live in the home of his third brother Du Guan and went to Jiangling to make a living. At this time, Du Fu's life fell into difficulty again. His wife and children lived in Dangyang and lived in poverty, so they all took them to Gangneung, but their lives were even more difficult. Unlike in Chengdu, where there are many friends to help, Du Fu sought help at this time, but he also suffered a lot of cold treatment:
Hungry for rice, sorrow everywhere cups. Hugh sighed for the poor and let the audience go.
"Autumn Jingnan Shu Huai Thirty Rhymes"
In the late autumn of the third year of the Gregorian calendar, Du Fu, who was having a difficult time in Jiangling, left Jiangling with his family to go to The Police, and after a short stay, decided to go to Hunan and defect to his friend Wei Zhijin, who was serving as the assassin of Hengzhou. At the end of the year, Du Fu came to Yueyang, climbed the Yueyang Tower, and wrote the poem "Dengyue Yang Lou":
In the past, I smelled the water in the cave court, and now I go to Yueyang Tower.
Wu Chu was southeast of Qiankun, and Qiankun was floating day and night.
Relatives and friends have no words, and old and sick have a lonely boat.
Rong Ma Guanshan north, with Xuan Xuan si stream.
In the early spring of the fourth year of the Gregorian calendar (769), Du Fu came to Kaiyueyang and continued south, passing through Tanzhou (Changsha) and Hengshan, and arriving at Hengzhou. But unfortunately, not long after his friend Wei Zhijin was transferred to Tanzhou Assassin History. Du Fu was unable to accompany him due to illness and could only live in Hengzhou temporarily. He then returned to Tanzhou at the invitation of Wei Zhijin. Unfortunately, Wei Zhijin suddenly fell seriously ill and died. His friend died, and although Du Fu had plans to return to the north, he could not leave for a while due to illness. During his stay in Tanzhou, Du Fu visited Yuelu Mountain many times and visited Yuelu Temple, Daolin Temple and other places. Later, Du Fu made a new friend, Su Zhuo, and his nephew Wang Ping, who had saved his life, came to visit him, which made Du Fu have a happy life.
In the spring of the fifth year of the Gregorian calendar (770), Du Fu met Li Guinian who was in Tanzhou. Two old friends meet and reminisce about the good memories of the past. On April 8, the Hunan terracotta army rebelled in Tanzhou, and Du Fu hurriedly fled to Hengzhou with his wife and children. Originally planned to go to Chenzhou to surrender to his uncle Cui Xiang, but when he arrived in Leiyang, the river swelled, so he had to stop at Fang Tianyi and did not eat for five days, but fortunately the county ordered Nie to send someone to send wine and meat and was saved. From Leiyang to Chenzhou, it was necessary to go up the current for more than two hundred miles, and seeing that the flood had not receded, Du Fu changed his plan, went down the river, and turned back to Tanzhou. In the winter of the fifth year of the Gregorian calendar (770), Du Fu died in a small boat from Tanzhou to Yueyang at the age of fifty-nine.