At the end of the War of Liberation, the Chiang clique collapsed and retreated to Taiwan. Some of the intellectuals went into exile in Taiwan, some stayed on the mainland, and some studied in Europe and the United States.
Fu Sinian: A native of Liaocheng, Shandong, Wu Song, Song Jiang, and other Confucian "orthodox" and "loyal jun" ideas that only oppose corrupt officials and do not oppose the emperor, and later do not oppose Jiang, only oppose Kong Xiangxi and Song Ziwen, so that Jiang is painful and happy to get a character, known as the first talent in the Yellow River Basin, admitted to Peking University, and then made waves with Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, and Hu Shi in The Great North, and the backstage boss is Cai Yuanpei, the president of Peking University. Cai Yuanpei, a Hand-picked Hanlin of Guangxu, accepted Li Yuanhongfa's letter of appointment in 1917, when people laughed and said that the pig swallowed a Sun Wukong in his stomach. On May 4, 1919, the May Fourth Movement, Fu Sinian was one of them, some people said that he was the leader of the student movement, abolished article 21, returned to Qingdao, Shandong, Zhao Jialou beat Cao Rulin, burned Zhao Jialou, graduated from Peking University, went to England and Germany for further study, pursued Yue Dawei and Chen Yinke, in 1926 Fu Sinian returned to China after 7 years of study abroad was invited by Zhu Jiahua to be a professor at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, and then Fu Sinian was hired as the director of the Central Research Institute, Fu Sinian was highly educated and tough at the same time, and wanted to make a difference politically. It has been torn between government and academia. Until Jiang retired, in January 1949, Fu Sinian was officially inaugurated as the president of National Taiwan University and concurrently served as the director of the Institute of History and Language of the Academia Sinica. National Taiwan University, was established in Japan in 1928 after the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Naval Battle, formerly known as Taipei Imperial University, until the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan in 1945, the Kuomintang faction Luo Zongluo took over, renamed National Taiwan University, for various reasons, Fu Si Nian was already the 4th president of National Taiwan University when he took office, the Kuomintang retreated, in the Great Depression, chaos, when a million people flocked to the school, there was no way to accommodate the school. After the 55-year-old Fu Si died of high blood pressure and cerebral hemorrhage, more than 5,000 celebrities from all walks of life in Taiwan came to mourn. A year later, Taipei University built a memorial pavilion in the Experimental Botanical Garden, Fu Garden, the pavilion for the Si Nian Pavilion, and later the Arsenal donated a memorial clock, Fu Bell.
Hu shi. Hu Shi (advocate of vernacular), advocate of the New Culture Movement. In 1948, Hu Shi did not listen to the persuasion of his beloved disciple Wu Han to stay at Peking University, and after a year of hard support, he was hired by Princeton University in the United States as the director of the Oriental Library. In 1952, the two-year appointment expired and he was dismissed by Princeton University to an honorary curator. Mao considered the attitude of catching the thief before the king. As the spiritual leader of the academic community, Hu Shi only needed to crush him under the Five Finger Mountain to kill a hundred people. In 1954, the Hu Rebellion began, and in response to the criticism of Hu Shi's thought, Guo Moruo took the lead and began to criticize; Hu Shi helped Shen Congwen chase Zhang Zhaohe (Wu Han did not catch up), and the two had a close relationship between teachers and students. But Shen Congwen still chose to criticize Hu. Hu Shidu's younger son Hu Sidu also stood up to criticize his father, and finally in 1957, when he opposed the Right, Hu Sidu was dismissed from his post and became a traitorous lackey, and Hu Sidu, who was mentally defeated, finally chose to hang himself. Around 1957, Hu Shi also suffered from stomach ulcer hemorrhage, gastrectomy, in 1958 Hu Shi was inaugurated as the president of Taiwan Academia Sinica, in order to show respect for the academic community, Jiang and Chen Cheng personally came, with a strong momentum, in 1958 Hu Shi presided over the election of Taiwan academicians, elected Yang Zhenning, Li Zhengdao, Wu Jianxiong and other overseas physicists. In 1959, Hu Shi openly opposed Chiang Kai-shek's re-election as president, and Chiang Kai-shek was greatly enraged. In 1962, Hu Shi and Mei Yiqi held a hand-to-hand conversation at the National Taiwan University Hospital to comfort each other. In 1962, Hu Shi had a heart attack, and it was said that he was killed by Li Jiqi at that time.
Hu Shi, who went to Taiwan, did not know that Hu Sidu, a child who had insulted him as a "running dog of US imperialism," had committed suicide, and he also affectionately proposed to give Xiao Hu a inheritance in his will, which was pitiful. Although Hu Shi is a well-known "predator" in the academic circles, he must not only endure the open guns and dark arrows of his Taiwan counterparts, but also endure the whistleblowing and exposing of his children Hu Sidu, and his mental depression can be imagined. Behind Hu Shi's charming smile is actually a heart full of holes. In the end, the old man passed away at a banquet. In the catastrophe launched a few years after Hu Shi's death, in the hysterical criticism of the Red Guards, he had actively exposed his students, friends, and relatives, but what did he think of the most? Rabbit dead dog cooking?
Zhang Boling was retained in Beijing by Zhou Enlai, and after being robbed by Nankai University for a while, he became silent and reticent, and died in depression, and the mainland only held a simple farewell ceremony for Zhang Boling, while Jiang wrote a mourning in his diary after hearing about it. A grand memorial service was held in Taiwan. Zhang Boling's last wish was to be buried on the Nankai campus. It was not until 1986 that it was possible.
Mei Yiqi. In 1948, Mei Yiqi left the mainland and came to the United States, founding Tsinghua University in Taiwan in 1955; in 1958, he was invited by his friend Chen Chengxiang to serve as the Minister of Education. In 1962, following Hu Shi's death, Mei Yiqi died and was buried in the Tsinghua Garden in Hsinchu, called Plum Garden. Mei Yiqi, who is bent on maintaining the fate of her homeland, although she completed her long-cherished wish to rebuild Tsinghua in Hsinchu, Taiwan, she never saw her beloved son Mei Zuyan until the end of her life.
Jiang Menglin. After resigning as the president of Peking University, Jiang Menglin ran after Song Ziwen's horse for a while, and as Song Ziwen fell, the tree fell and scattered, and Jiang Menglin established the Peasant Restoration Association after arriving in Taiwan. After the death of his wife Tao, Jiang Menglin married Xu Xianle, this Miss Xu also belonged to the celebrity, but only pursued money, married to a general Yang Jie who was nearly 50 years old (assassinated by Kuomintang agents), maintained the marriage for 7 months and announced the divorce, and always had lovers, until the 75-year-old Jiang Menglin met the 53-year-old Xu Xianle and wrote a beautiful speech for her, which was opposed by Song Meiling, and Hu Shi also disregarded the illness and advised her, but Jiang Menglin adopted the strategy of "don't shoot a gun, quietly enter the house" and quietly married. After Xu controlled the family's money, before the colleague invited Jiang Mengfeng to dinner never arrived, and then invited to come, a day's meal money was limited to 20 yuan, Jiang Menglin fell on a leg, the marriage also came to an end, in 1964 Jiang Menglin died of liver cancer. A generation of celebrities ended in dismal light.
Ye Gongchao. Uncle Ye Gongqi (Chief of Transportation of the Beiyang Government, Minister of Finance of sun Yat-sen's Revolutionary Government in Guangzhou, Minister of Railways of the National Government of Nanjing) After the fall of Shanghai in 1937, Ye Gongqiu went into exile, and the concubine Pan clan fought for property (including Mao Gongding, excavated from Daoguang, with inscriptions in bronze, the main content of which was the reign of King Xuan of Zhou (Taipei National Palace Museum Three Treasures Mao Gongding, Meat-shaped Stone, Jade Cabbage)), Ye Gongchao was 38 years old, and his uncle Ye Gongchao sent Ye Gongchao to protect Mao Gongding. Mao Gongding first fell into the hands of Duanfang, and in 1916, Duanfang's descendants bet Baoding on a bank opened by the Russians in Tianjin, and Ye Gongqiu, then the chief of transportation, redeemed 30,000 yuan. As a result, Ye Gongchao was arrested by Xiao Pan as a spy by the Japanese gendarmerie, in addition to the trial, the most important thing is to deduce the whereabouts of Mao Gongding from Ye Gongchao's mouth, but Ye gritted his teeth and eventually secretly fled to Hong Kong with Mao Gongding, which also ended Ye Gongchao's career as director of the Department of Foreign Languages and Professor of the Southwest United University, became the director of the Kuomintang Office in Britain, and then promoted to director of the European Department, after the victory of the War of Resistance, Ye Gongchao was appointed as the foreign minister of the Taiwan authorities, and then transferred to Taiwan's ambassador to the United States. After returning to Taiwan, he lived a life of a literati in Taiwan, liang Qiushi was teaching at Taiwan Normal University at the time, and invited Ye to give a lecture at the school, but the authorities came to exert pressure, leaving the school after a semester, and even did not allow him to meet his family in the United States, until his death in Taiwan in 1981. Ye Gongchao's colleagues at Southwest United University at that time were Qian Zhongshu, Wen Yiduo, Xu Zhimo, Liang Qiushi (translating the complete works of Shakespeare), and his students Ji Xianlin, Yang Zhenning, and Xu Yuanchong.
Some people say that taiwanese scholars sing Peng's ass to praise themselves, and mainland scholars shout in the mirror that Wang Ba scolded himself.
Wu Han, during the Liberation War, Wu Han used his status as a professor at Tsinghua University to secretly contact the underground party of the Communist Party of China and hold a secret meeting, and when Jiang hunted down the underground party, Wu Han fled to Xibaipo, Hebei Province, and was received by Mao and Zhou, and Wu Han showed Mao the "Biography of Zhu Yuanzhang" he wrote. In January 1949, when the People's Liberation Army shelled Tianjin, at the behest of gao c of the Communist Party of China, he entered the Qinghua Garden and straightened out the two hats of Feng Youlan, a member of the Tsinghua School Affairs Committee and the dean of the College of Letters, wu Han took over Feng Youlan and began to preside over the affairs of Tsinghua University. As a result, Mao replied to the letter and asked him to "adopt an honest attitude.". In January, when Peipingcheng was peacefully liberated, in November, Wu Han was appointed vice mayor of Beijing. Once, Mao watched the Xiang drama "Life and Death Card" at the end of Hai Rui often scolded the Jiajing Emperor, and was imprisoned, but when he learned that the emperor died, he cried loudly, indicating his loyalty to the emperor, Mao found someone from the Propaganda Department to write an article about Hai Rui, thus thinking of the Ming history expert Wu Han, Wu Han was flattered, wrote a "Hai Rui Scolding the Emperor" published in the People's Daily, the central idea highlighted Hai Rui's "dare", and then, wrote "Hai Rui dismissal", "Hai Rui's story" and other articles, the purpose is to publicize the spirit of Hai Rui dare to tell the truth, Giving full recognition, in 1960, Wu Han, at the request of Peking Opera actor Ma Lianliang, wrote five Peking Opera "Hai Rui" scripts, so that under the clamor of a bunch of stupid eggs, rehearsals were made, and "Hai Rui Dismissal" was officially staged. After the stage, Mao was very happy. At the end of 1965, Wu Han saw Yao Weny's article in the newspaper commenting on the newly edited historical drama "Hai Rui Dismissal", and he vaguely felt that the storm was coming. In 1969, he was criticized for fighting and dying.
Yu Dawei (Harvard mathematical logic, proposed to build atomic bombs) and Zeng Zhaoli (chemical expert, Peking University professor, descendant of Zeng Guofan), Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Cheng agreed, selected Li Zhengdao, Yang Zhenning, Wu Dayu, Hua Luogeng, etc. As the liberation war became fierce, the two parties also began to compete for these national treasures. Wu Dayu, Li Zhengdao, and Yang Zhenning stayed abroad, while Zeng Zhaoyi, Hua Luogeng, and Zhao Zhongyao returned to the mainland. Zeng Zhaoli was appointed by Zhou Enlai as the head of the chemistry department and provost of Peking University, and his power and status were comparable to those of Wu Han at Tsinghua University. In 1955, the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established and he served as its director. In 1957, Zeng Zhaozhuo was beaten as a rightist, Zeng Zhaozhuo spent his life in school, and then Wuda University President Li Da invited Zeng Zhaozhuo to teach at Wuhan University, where he devoted himself to learning, writing a 1.4 million-word "Elemental Organic Chemistry", six full volumes, but only two manuscripts survived after the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution. He had lymphoma, his wife committed suicide, and after Li Da was criticized for fighting, Zeng Zhao died tragically.
Ye Qisun's beloved disciple Xiong Dajian made explosives and mines in the base areas behind enemy lines, resisted Japan's mechanized troops, and cut off Japanese transportation routes; after the founding of New China, the mines invented by the peasants who appeared in the movies in the mine warfare were novel in terms of art, adapting to the theoretical orientation of the people in creating history, but they did not conform to historical facts, and this was the tragedy of the intellectual group that was caused by the contempt and distrust of intellectuals in the bones of the victors later.
Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin, because Lin Huiyin's younger brother Lin Heng was killed as a pilot in Chengdu, Jiang gave him a Zhongzheng sword, and it was precisely because of this sword that he was not spared, Liang Sicheng was overwhelmed by the struggle, sighed for eight years of the War of Resistance, waded through the mountains and waters, first Changsha, in Kunming, and then Li Zhuang, in the face of hunger and disease, passed the barrier, and finally ushered in victory, but now it seems that he could not pass the Cultural Revolution, and in 1972, the architect Liang Sicheng passed away. In 1946, Lin Huiyin ended the nine-year upheaval and displacement, returned to Beiping with his family, where he had been thinking about it for a long time, and revisited every place with deep affection. At the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, although she had suffered from all kinds of pain, she still chose to give up the opportunity to go to the United States for treatment and chose to "suffer with the motherland." This "goddess of the Republic of China plus talent", like a warrior, her life is worthy of Jin Yuelin's mourning for her "a poetic thousand waterfalls, a monthly day on the earth of eternity", and a lifelong infatuation with unmarried.
Qian Mu: A native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, who taught at the United Nations General Assembly, was carried by Gu Jiegang to Yanda, Peking University, and was at odds with Hu Shi, Fu Sinian and others, Qian Mu said that Fu Sinian was the leader of bandits in Shandong, Fu Sinian said that Qian Mu was a small tailor in the south, and Wen Yiduo said that Qian Mu was not a thing. Hu Shi could not teach Qian Mu in his lectures, and the master of Traditional Chinese Studies began to be jealous. After the founding of New China, Qian Mu went to Hong Kong, and was injured after Zhu Jiahua invited him to Speak in Taiwan, and was cared for by female student Hu Meiqi, and the two married in 1956. In 1967, Chiang Kai-shek asked Chiang Ching-kuo to learn the study of governing the country from Qian Mu, qian Mu was elected as an academician, until 1989, when Qian Mu's patron died, a legislator named Chen Shui-bian also stood up and took back the Su Shu Lou in writing, and Chen Shui-bian, who was the president of Taiwan at the time, thought of a way, after Qian Mu moved out, changed the Su Shu Building to the Qian Mu Memorial Hall, and as a result, Qian Mu was furious, saying that he would not let him live alive, and he would build a memorial hall before he died. Under this kind of attack, Qian Mu, who was blind at the age of 95, was forced to move out of the Sushu Building where he had lived for 20 years in 1990 and died three months later. Hu Meiqi buried Qian Mu's ashes in Taihu Lake in Wuxi, which can also be regarded as falling leaves and returning to their roots. In 1994, Chen Sb became the mayor of the b and turned the Sushu Building into a memorial hall, and in 2010, the 20th anniversary of Qian Mu's death, Kuomintang Chairman Ma Yj came to the memorial hall to commemorate it.
In 1952, the Ministry of Education began to liquidate and adjust the colleges and universities, in order to reduce the reparations of Gengzi, the marks and toxins left by US imperialism in Tsinghua, Tsinghua was divided into five horses, the College of Letters, the Law School, and the School of Science were merged into Peking University, Tsinghua only got one engineering college of Peking University, as an engineering university in the wind and rain, Peking University became the cradle of the revolution, after accepting the three colleges of Tsinghua, moved into Yenching University, merged the faculty and students of Yenching University, and separated from Tsinghua University.
Although intellectuals have different fates and different endings, the spark of a spark can ignite the plains, the flame of revolution and the spark of intellectuals can still be preserved, and the cultural genes of the Chinese nation still bloom in the land of the motherland.