1
Emperor Saga
Emperor Saga (786–842) was the son of Emperor Hengwu and the younger brother of Emperor Hirajo. He reigned in 809 and reigned for 15 years, making great contributions to the development of Japanese culture. Japanese calligraphy also developed unprecedentedly at this time, and it was precisely because of his use of political means that the first upsurge of Japanese calligraphy was formed in the early Heian period. In calligraphy, Emperor Saga was not only an active advocate, but also a practitioner of his own practice, with profound attainments, and was revered as one of the "Three Strokes of Peace".
This is a five-word poem by emperor Saga that records the early Tang dynasty poet Li Zhao (644-712). Judging from the table of contents at the beginning of the volume, it can be seen that twelve items were written, for a total of one hundred and twenty poems. This volume contains two items, "Qianxiang" and "Kunyi", counting twenty poems. "Dry Elephant" is divided into: sun, moon, star, wind, cloud, smoke, dew, fog, rain, snow; "Kunyi" includes mountains, stones, plains, wild fields, fields, roads, seas, rivers, rivers, and Luo. His books are dangerous and elegant, the pen is free to swim, the lines are rich in inhibitions and changes, and the sharp momentum of Ouyang's book style jumps on the paper. Is this the kind of beauty that Prince Hengzhen (825-884) commented on as "strong and weak"?
For Saga calligraphy, there have long been definitive comments in history. The Japanese Chronicle of the Third Year (826) of the 15th march can be seen as follows: "Enshrined as Emperor Kashiwara. Yuxi Temple is limited to seven days. The Book of Sayings. ...... Its handwriting is also written by Emperor Taishang (Emperor Saga). Purple Zhen Golden Word. Jade shaft embroidery. One has the body and the other. Beaded columns. It's a mess. People are known for their views. True holy. Zhong Xuanyi was still not enough". It is written by Emperor Song Oh in purple paper and gold characters to support his father, Emperor Huanwu. This sutra is enshrined as a supreme god, and the words of praise are difficult to express. Kukai wrote in volume VI of the Collected Spirits of all-seeing nature: "Luan FengXiang is blue and falls and contains an elephant. Dragons swim in the sea to conceive righteousness. Zhang Wang threw a pen. Zhong Cai was ashamed..." The praise for the emperor was even more incomparable.
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Air Sea
In 804 AD, Kukai, also known as the King Kong, accompanied tang envoys into Tang to seek the Dharma, and worshiped under the door of Master Huiguo of the Qinglong Temple in Chang'an, and was taught by Master Huiguo. Kukai returned to China in October 806 and studied in the Tang Dynasty for more than two years, bringing back a large number of Buddhist scriptures with him, which had a major impact on Japanese Buddhism. It is rumored that Master Kukai invented the Japanese alphabet Hiragana, and Katakana was gradually formed on the basis of Hiragana.
Kukai's calligraphy enjoys a high reputation in Japan, and together with Emperor Saga and Tachibana, he is known as the Three Pens of Peace. The letter written by Kukai to the most clear --- "Wind Letter Post", as if wang Xi's penmanship was the essence of the essence, quite Jin and Tang Dynasty style. After his death, he was known as the "Master of Propagation".
Kukai "Hyacinth Post"
3
Most clear
767-822), born in 767 in The First Year of the Divine Guardian Jingyun (767), was born in Koichi Township, Shiga County, Omi Kingdom, the son of Mitsu Shoubaizhi. His youngest name, Hirono, left The Capital at the age of twelve with Omi-kuni's cousin, and was ordained in the second year of the Yan calendar (782), and two years later, he was ordained at Todaiji Temple. After practicing at Mount Hiei for ten years, its influence gradually became known to the world. In the sixteenth year of the Enli calendar (797), he was selected as one of the ten Zen masters of the Inner Worship and opened the Lotus Sutra pulpit, with the mission of establishing the Tendai Hokke Sect in Japan.
For twenty-three years, as a member of the Tang envoys, he crossed the Tang Dynasty with Kukai and Tachibana Yishi. Although he had only a short period of eight months in Tang, he achieved fruitful results. He received the Mahayana Ordination from the main dao of the Tiantai Mountain Meditation Monastery in Zhejiang Province, entered the Tendai Fahua Sect from the Buddha's Temple, and obtained eighty-two volumes of the Tendai Teachings and many classics. In May of the twenty-fourth year of the Yan calendar (805), Zhi Cheng returned to China on the ship that sent tang envoys.
He presented Emperor Huanwu with a large number of Buddhist scriptures brought back from China, such as the Diamond Sutra of the Golden Characters, the Lotus Sutra of the Golden Characters, and the Images and Ritual Instruments. The Emperor also greatly appreciated the idea of "protecting the country and benefiting all sentient beings" put forward by Mochi. He set up an altar at Theokasan-ji Temple north of Kyoto, founded the Tendai Hokke sect, and ordained the Dharma for the senior monks of the temples. On June 4, 822, 13th year of Hirohito's reign, he died of illness at the age of fifty-six at the middle school of Mount Hiei. Emperor Saga once wrote a poem "Weeping Cheng Shangren" to mourn the most Cheng. In the sixth year of The Reign of Emperor Kiyowa (864), forty-five years after his death, he was given the title of "Missionary Master". Kushina is the most clear letter to Kukai.
The most clear "long post"
The most explicit writings on Buddhism and painting are numerous. In the field of religion, he and Kukai called Kukai the leader of the Shingon Sect's esoteric religion, and Machisumi was the ancestor of the Tendai Sect. The most well-known calligraphy is the "Long Gap Thesis", "Catalogue of Karma Kong" and so on.
As the monks who entered the Tang Dynasty together, the correspondence between the two people, known as the Wind Letter Sticker and the Kushi Paste, is not only a historical material of great value in the religious circles, but also a famous post in the history of Japanese calligraphy. The Tendai Sect, the most enlightened sect, and the Shingon Sect founded by Kukai, became the two most influential sects of Japanese Buddhism in the Heian period.
4
Ono Road Wind
Ono Michikaze (894–966) was the son of Dazai Daisuke Gexian, whose grandfather was ono Huang (802-852), a famous scholar and writer of Chinese poetry in the early Heian period. According to books such as the Kojiki and the Records of the New Family Names, the Ono Clan Chart, and the Atlas, Ono Michikaze was a descendant of ono, a Sui envoy sent by Emperor Tuigu in 607. In the 20th year of Yanxi (920), he was selected by the Tibetan Institute for his good calligraphy, and successively served as a shonō, a uchizo kōsuke, a right guard, a carpenter, and a carpenter to a head of the Uchizo quan, and was the head of the four subordinate positions.
In the history of Japanese calligraphy, following the three strokes that were active in the book world in the early heian period- Kukai, Emperor Saga, and Tachibana, after a hundred years, Ono Michikaze appeared again. According to the "Outline of the Poetry of The Sixteenth Day of The Third Year of Tentoku", "The carpenter Ono Michikaze, the head of the carpenter, is also a wonderful book. The regeneration of Xi. It can be said that Ono Michikaze lived this life as a professional calligrapher, and his book was popular all over the world, becoming popular in the three dynasties of Daigo, Murakami, and Suzaku.
Ono Michikaze's book style was created in the heat wave that emphasized national weathering. As an outstanding representative of the "Three Traces", his calligraphy style marks the establishment of "Harmony" calligraphy. He accepts the solid architectural beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy font in order to seek a high style and antiquity; uses the meandering and rich brushwork, heavy pen and light ink jagged changes to enhance the rhythm of the jump, forming a unique style of writing that distinguishes it from others.
Ono Michikaze Linwang Xi's Codex
Ono Michikaze Screen Shidai
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Osamu Fujiwara
Fujiwara Saori (944-998). He was a calligrapher during the Heian period, the grandson of the chancellor Fujiwara Shirai, and the son of Major General Fujiwara Atsutoshi of the Left Guard.
Fujiwara Sari, along with Ono Michikaze and Fujiwara Yusei, is known as the "Three Traces". The Japanese style of writing created by Ono Michikaze was inherited and carried forward by Saori, making the cursive lines more refined and flexible, and the brushwork of the continuous gossamer like a kana is particularly vivid and unpredictable.
Fujiwara Sari,The Life Book
Fujiwara Saori's "Departure from Loti"
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Yusei Fujiwara
Fujiwara Yukinari (972–1028) was a courtier in the middle of the Heian period. One of the four words of the Imperial Age. Son of Right Major General Fujiwara Yoshitaka and grandson of Fujiwara Iyin. The official Juzheng is the second place of power and great speech.
Fujiwara Yukinari's "Shiraju Yi Poetry Scroll"
As a famous calligrapher in Japanese history, his calligraphy was later called "Kwon Trace", and he combined the "Wild Trace" with Ono Michikaze and Fujiwara Sari's "Sakuro" to synthesize the calligraphy "Three Traces". Fujiwara Yukinari inherited the style of Michikaze Ono and Yukiyuki Wang, and is the master of Japanese calligraphy. His calligraphy is gentle and capable, and his representative works include "White Lotte Poetry Scroll" and "Message".
When Fujiwara was three years old, his father, Yoshitaka, died of illness at the age of twenty-one. Xingcheng could only be raised by his great-great-grandfather Yuan Baoguang. A lifetime of waste can be described as bumpy. He died in the fourth year of Wanshou (1027) at the age of 56.
Xingcheng's calligraphy activities can be examined according to his diary, The Book of Rights. In July of the third year of Changbao (1001), at the age of twenty-nine, he became the inscription of the inner temple, which is the first record of his calligraphic activities. In addition, he also inscribed the newly built Purple Palace, SeongmeiMonmon, Senhwa-mun, Sejong-ji Temple, Seonmyō-ji Temple, Mifukumon-mun and the South Gate of Hosei-ji Temple, kitano-miya's University Hall, Ryūwa-shu-in Temple (now the Tokyo National Museum), and many more. He also wrote a large number of Buddhist offerings, screen colored paper, etc., which are particularly outstanding.