<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > review</h1>
As the Earth itself continues to evolve and change, so do the creatures that depend on it for survival and development. Some creatures are unable to adapt to changes in their surroundings and go extinct, such as mammoths, which are now widely believed to be extinct because of climate changes and their inability to adapt in a short period of time.
Another example is the avocado, ten thousand years ago it relied on a creature called the earth sloth, it is very large, the weight can even be 5 tons, the avocado core is also very large, not loved by other animals, usually by the earth lazy after eating, the core with the feces excreted, and the feces provide it with enough fertilizer for growth.
Earth lazy
Avocados and ground sloths developed and evolved together, so when the ground sloths became extinct 10,000 years ago, avocados almost disappeared from the world. However, humans discovered the avocado, tasted the delicacy of the plant fruit, and domesticated it, thus avoiding the disappearance of the avocado.
In order to survive, many creatures have made compromises and great changes. In order to catch prey, cheetahs evolved their speed and became the fastest animals.
But correspondingly, it simply cannot chase its prey for a long time, its endurance is very poor, it cannot bear overloaded work, and the heat accumulated when running will make the cheetah's body temperature rise rapidly to more than 40 ° C, and it cannot be discharged in a short period of time, which will make it weak or even dead.
cheetah
The giant panda, which we are very familiar with, has also made changes in the changes in the environment and has become what we see today.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" > giant panda</h1>
Speaking of giant pandas, the first thing that comes to mind may be the pair of very obvious dark circles and its thick appearance.
The head and face of the giant panda are round and plump, the body length is about 1.2 to 1.8 meters, the male is larger than the female, the tail is short, about 11 centimeters, the weight can be up to 180 kilograms, and the walk is like the inner eight characters that girls in Japanese cartoons like.
But in fact, the giant panda belongs to the carnivorous bear family, and is a close relative of the tall and ferocious big brown bear, with claws as sharp as a sharp knife and great strength.
Introduction to giant pandas
Giant pandas generally live in bamboo forests at higher altitudes, rely on terrain and water sources, and rich bamboo forest resources for their livelihood, and they spend half of their daily sleep in addition to eating bamboo. With their black and white appearance, they also often hide in the woods or on snowy ground.
As a bear, the giant panda also has very sharp and terrible teeth, and the bite force is extremely large, after all, it can easily chew bamboo, and it also requires a certain strength.
After the research of scientists, the bite force of giant pandas is about 1300N, which can be ranked in the top five positions in the world, second to polar bears, tigers and lions, similar to brown bears, once angry, can instantly bite an adult to death.
The panda bite force is extremely strong
Therefore, if you see a wild giant panda in the wild, it is best to choose to escape, and do not think that the giant pandas are as harmless as in the zoo.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="34" > the evolution of giant pandas </h1>
Judging from the fossils unearthed in Yunnan, China, the giant panda has lived on the earth for at least 8 million years, and the history is even older than that of humans, so it is called "living fossil" and has become the image ambassador of the World Wide Fund for Nature.
From millions of years ago to the present, the competition for survival in nature can be described as extremely harsh, many organisms have been extinct in the process of continuous evolution, and now they are completely invisible, while the giant panda has carried the long development of the earth and survived to the present.
The giant panda is actually called "big cat bear", that is, a bear like a cat, which is the name given to it internationally, and later because in 1939, when the specimen was exhibited in China, because of the popular international writing style at that time, it was different from the Chinese reading from right to left at that time, so visitors called it a panda, which gradually became the public's name for it.
The evolution of pandas
The ancestors of the giant panda are called the first panda, mainly living in the central and southern parts of China, with continuous evolution and development, one of them evolved into an omnivorous animal that can eat bamboo, about 3 million years ago, smaller than the current giant panda, but its reproductive ability is very strong, in many places in China, and even In Vietnam and Myanmar have found their fossils.
500,000 to 700,000 years ago was the peak of the development of giant pandas, that is, during this period, the giant panda began to grow in size, gradually adapted to the environment, and became a bamboo for a living.
Its molars became very developed, able to easily chew hard bamboo, and at the same time evolved from a wrist bone a pseudo-thumb to form a grip structure, scientifically named "radial sesamoid bone", which is an organ that evolved to better grasp bamboo.
The panda's palm is able to grasp the bamboo
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="50" > historical pandas </h1>
Regarding pandas, China has long recorded them.
In the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", it is written that there is a mountain called Laoshan Mountain, and there is a creature called 貊 on it, according to the later annotations of Guo Pu in the Jin Dynasty, we can find that the cat resembles a bear and the skin is black and white, and it can also feed on copper and iron, which is not talking about giant pandas?
There is also a record of the cat in the Erya, and Guo Pu also diligently notes that it is like a bear, with a small head, but also very short legs, black and white, and can eat copper and iron, as well as bamboo. This also further explains the identity of the iron-eating beast giant panda.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas
Although the giant panda is an omnivore, it can eat meat and bamboo, but why should it eat copper and iron? There is a saying that giant pandas will come down the mountain in winter when food is scarce, look for food near human villages, such as leftover bones, sometimes hungry, and will also crush the cooking utensils such as iron pots containing food, lick the oil on them, and even swallow some occasionally. In the eyes of human beings, it is also believed that giant pandas eat iron.
It happened that in 1981 and 1993, newspapers published that giant pandas ran to villagers' homes to bite iron pots and food boxes, and later found that giant pandas would excrete the broken iron pieces swallowed into their stomachs in feces, and the stomach and intestines were not damaged.
In the mythological story, there is a saying that the iron-eating beast is the mount of Xuan You, and later after the Yellow Emperor defeated Xuan You, he closed the ferocious attributes of the giant panda, which made it become such a "cute and cute" appearance now.
Pandas have appeared in legendary albums
However, in fact, there is no claim in the history books and literature that Xuan You's mount was a giant panda, on the contrary, in the "History of the Five Emperors", it is recorded that the Yellow Emperor once led beasts including Qi Qi and other fierce beasts to fight with the Yan Emperor in a great battle at Banquan, of which the Yellow Emperor's subordinate Qi Qi refers to the giant panda. However, in the eyes of many people now, the gap between the image of the cat and the giant panda is really a bit much.
In folk legend, the cat is a kind of mythical beast that can ward off evil spirits and attract wealth, and is deeply loved by merchants, and many people will buy a cat's ornaments or ornaments to bless their own fortunes. In history, for example, Xu Ke described the cat as "shaped like a tiger, or like a bear."
It is even more obvious in the "Longshu Yuwen", directly writing that the cat is from Emei, Sichuan, and the yellow and white, unresponsive, and grows in the forest on the mountain, is this not a giant panda?
Cat ornaments
Even later, because the number of giant pandas became smaller and smaller, it once became a symbol of auspiciousness. During the Ming Dynasty, when the King of Zhou met Ming Chengzu Zhu Di, he presented a giant panda to him, and Zhu Di also asked the courtiers: Is the giant panda really a xiangrui sent by heaven?
The group replied to him, "The Sacred Will is like this, so go up to the Heavenly Heart." This also made Zhu Di more energetic and finally created the Yongle prosperous world.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="77" > modern giant panda </h1>
In modern times, because giant pandas evolved from carnivores and retained a relatively simple digestive tract that digests meat, rather than having a stomach and intestines specifically designed to handle plants like herbivores, and there are no symbiotic bacteria or ciliates in herbivores, giant pandas can only obtain nutrients by eating and pulling.
Panda poop
Therefore, a 100-kilogram giant panda needs to spend more than half of its time eating a large amount of bamboo or bamboo shoots every day in the spring. At the same time, in order to control the consumption of energy, giant pandas often avoid actions that require a lot of consumption, and often move slowly.
The spawning rate of female giant pandas is reduced, and there is only one estrus period every year, usually just two or three days will end, generally two years will reproduce once, and a fetus will only give birth to two cubs, some females will only choose a stronger one to raise, so it also leads to a low survival rate of giant panda babies.
At the same time, the male giant panda's mating desire is not strong, and if the opportunity is not seized during the female estrus period, then the breeding time of the year will be missed.
Panda mating
These have led to the number of giant pandas becoming smaller and smaller, the ability to reproduce has been limited, and due to the destruction of the living environment of giant pandas caused by human activities, they have also become endangered animals for a time, until 2021, the state officially announced that with the help and protection of humans, the number of giant pandas in the wild has increased to 1800, and it has successfully become a vulnerable animal.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="93" > the world's favorite for national treasures </h1>
Creatures as cute as the giant panda are loved by the whole world, and even national treasures once became a means of diplomacy, maintaining peace and good relations between countries.
As early as 658 AD, the Japanese sent Tang envoys to the Tang Dynasty to study, and Wu Zetian, in order to show the arrogance of the Tang Dynasty, gave 2 giant pandas to the then Japanese Emperor Tianwu. In modern times, in order to express friendship, China has donated a total of 23 giant pandas to 9 countries.
Panda sent abroad
The most famous "panda diplomacy" is in 1972, in order to show our sincerity to the United States, China gave the United States "Lingling" and "Xingxing", the Americans specially prepared a large-scale reception ceremony to welcome the arrival of the two giant pandas, and the government sent a special plane to pick up, when arriving at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., there were even more than 8,000 local people who braved the rain to greet, just to see the appearance of the giant pandas.
Lingling and Xingxing have attracted a lot of attention when they first arrived in the United States, and in less than a month, millions of people have already come to visit. At the same time, they have also become the treasures of the national zoo in Washington, D.C., bringing infinite joy to the public.
And in order to make the giant panda have sufficient food, the zoo has specially arranged 1,000 households to plant bamboo for the giant panda at home to ensure that there are fresh and tender "ingredients" at any time.
Panda diplomacy
However, because giant pandas sent abroad often have problems such as water and soil incompatibility, in order to protect the national treasure, after 1984, China no longer donated giant pandas to other countries, and officially stated in 2007.
But panda diplomacy does not end there, the Chinese side said that if it can guarantee the quality of life and environment of giant pandas, and pay a rent, China will provide short-term leases for giant pandas.
In order to be able to obtain giant pandas, the Netherlands has applied for 16 times before and after, and finally successfully ushered in the arrival of giant pandas in 2017, and they also built a Chinese-style palace for giant pandas, worth 50 million yuan, covering an area of 9,000 square meters, in order to ensure their quality of life, even materials are imported from China, and here are only two giant pandas.
Dutch Chinese Panda Park
There are countless such things in the world, Japan, the United Kingdom and other countries are extremely fond of giant pandas, Japan even borrowed a total of 9 giant pandas from China, and many cities are competing to get giant pandas.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="118" > conclusion </h1>
The threat level of giant pandas has been downgraded, which also reflects that China's improvement of the ecological environment has a very obvious effect, and also shows that China's protection of giant pandas is obvious. Although the giant panda has been downgraded, it is still a national treasure and a national first-class protected animal.
In fact, in addition to the giant panda, there are many endangered animals that have been successfully downgraded and returned to our lives because of China's continuous efforts. For example, in September 2006, the Tibetan antelope went from being an endangered animal to a wild animal that can often be seen in the area, and it was also successfully lowered to two levels in a row to become a near-threatened animal.
Tibetan antelope
China's protection of wild animals is implemented in practice, and "respecting nature, conforming to nature, and protecting nature" is also written in the textbooks of middle and high schools, subtly influencing our next generation and becoming a code of conduct that the government and the general public will consciously respect. To protect nature, protect the environment, protect animals, we will continue to work hard.