In order to ensure the smooth progress of the key projects of Shandong Expressway, Qingdao Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology set up an elite archaeological team, and after more than two years of field investigation, exploration and excavation, successfully completed the archaeological investigation, exploration and excavation of the Weifang to Qingdao section of the Central Line of the Jinan-Qingdao Expressway. In the archaeological work, Qingdao archaeologists have found 22 new sites and tomb groups along the railway line of more than 130 kilometers with a pair of wise eyes, and through continuous rescue excavations, more than 2,000 pieces of bronze, pottery and porcelain have been excavated, which is of great significance to the study of the long-standing and profound history of ancient civilizations in Qingdao and Weifang. A few days ago, Shandong High-speed Jiqing Engineering Co., Ltd. held a pennant award ceremony in Gaomi, praising the Qingdao archaeological team as a "Shandong archaeological iron army".
More than 2,000 precious cultural relics have been unearthed
According to the requirements of the provincial and municipal cultural and tourism departments at all levels, since September 2019, the Qingdao Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology has undertaken the archaeological investigation, exploration and excavation of the Weifang to Qingdao section of the Jinan-Qingdao Expressway and the connecting line, which lasted more than two years. Through the investigation and exploration of the whole line, a total of 25 cultural relics points were found, including 19 cultural relics points on the main line of the Weifang-Qingdao Highway and 6 cultural relics points in the connecting line project. Of the 25 sites, 22 are newly discovered sites and tomb groups. The Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics organized expert research and decision to carry out archaeological excavations of 16 of these sites and tomb groups.
Artifacts excavated from the ancient city cemetery of Mulberry Calves.
Through archaeological excavations, the four sites and cemeteries, from west to east, are the Han-Wei Jin Tomb Group in the Ancient City of Sangli in Fangzi District, the Longshan Ruins in XiyuGezhuang in xiashan District and the Han-Song-Jin Period Tomb Group, the Ancient Sacrifice of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Wei-Jin-Song Dynasty Tomb Group, and the Dongbu Han Dynasty Kiln Site and Tomb Group. The chronology covers Neolithic - Shang Zhou - Qin Han - Wei Jin to Song Jin, excavated more than 1,000 ruins, unearthed more than 2,000 pieces / sets of precious cultural relics, including bronze, pottery, porcelain, jade and iron, etc., providing a large number of precious materials for the study of ancient civilizations in Weifang and Qingdao.
The team members made measurements at the Mulberry Calf Old City Cemetery.
In the course of their work, the archaeologists learned that in some districts and cities, this is the first formal archaeological excavation in history, or the first excavation in one or two decades. This archaeological excavation has provided valuable archaeological materials for the study of the history and culture of various districts and cities along the railway, and has also added a large number of cultural relics collections to the museums of various districts and cities. With the later collation of materials and the restoration of cultural relics, this archaeological work will reveal more dusty history.
Archaeological "Battle of the Congress" along the railway
The reporter learned that since July 2021, the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the Shandong Provincial Underwater Archaeology Research Center, the Qingdao Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology, the Yantai Museum and other archaeological units have selected elite forces, not afraid of the cold and the heat, and hundreds of archaeological teams have launched an archaeological excavation "conference battle" on the middle line of the Jinan-Qingdao Expressway. During the period, Shandong Expressway Jiqing Middle Line Co., Ltd. actively cooperated to provide the necessary conditions for archaeological excavations and make the archaeological work progress smoothly. After half a year of intense work, the excavation area is tens of thousands of square meters, thousands of tombs, and a large number of cultural relics have been unearthed.
Archaeologists lay out a sample collection grid.
As one of the outstanding archaeological teams in Shandong, the Qingdao Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology, in the archaeological work along the Weifang to Qingdao section of the Jinan-Qingdao Expressway, a large number of business elites were drawn to fight on the 130-kilometer traffic artery, and the archaeologists ate and slept in the wind and rain, showing the tenacious work style of the Qingdao Archaeological Heavenly Group and the archaeological spirit of daring to fight hard battles and fighting. Through the joint efforts of the archaeological team, before the Spring Festival this year, the archaeological work of the central line of the Jinan-Qingdao Expressway will be successfully completed. For more than 700 days and nights, Qingdao archaeologists have been fighting in the front line of archaeology from the hot summer to the cold winter, and truly deserve the glorious title of "Shandong Cultural Relics Iron Army".
Archaeological site
90 Han tombs restore history
According to reports, Weifang to Qingdao highway and link project belongs to the Jinan-Qingdao Expressway middle line, with a total length of about 130 kilometers, along the route from west to east through Weifang Changle County, Anqiu City, Fangzi District, Xiashan District, Changyi City, Gaomi City, Qingdao Jiaozhou City, Qingdao Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology has carried out three archaeological surveys and exploration work on the project planning route and modified route. The final route of the project passes through the south side of the ruins of the ancient city of Sang calves, occupying part of the protected area and the construction control zone, and the investigation and exploration found that there are tombs distributed in the occupied area.
Shi Yubing, captain of Qingdao Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology, introduced that the ruins of the ancient city of Sang calves are located in the east of Fanjiagou Village, Fangzi District, Weifang City, and are Shandong provincial-level cultural relics protection units, and the sites are sites of Longshan, Shangzhou and Han Dynasties. The excavation area is located on the hillside in the south of the site, and a total of about 90 tombs have been found in the excavation area, and the tomb age is preliminarily judged to be han dynasty based on the artifacts excavated from the tombs. The burial utensils are mainly clay clay pots and pots, and some of the clay pots and clay pots are painted; there are also green glazed red clay pots, copper mirrors (daylight mirrors, Zhaoming mirrors, Boju mirrors), copper coins (five baht, cargo rights, Oizumi fifty, etc.), a small number of tomb funerary iron swords, bronze arrows, copper belt hooks and lacquerware.
According to the Book of Han, "Mulberry calves, covering the mountain, out of the irrigation water, northeast to Duchang into the sea. The "Notes on the Water Classic" contains "Mulberry calves, the county of beihai." There is the Covered Mountain, the water that comes out of the water, the northwest of the North Path Pavilion, and the White Wolf Water." Sang calf was established in the second year of the Jing Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (155 BC) as Sang Calf County, which belonged to Beihai County, along with Pingshou, Huo yan and Ledu. The Han Dynasty tombs found in this archaeological excavation should be the tombs of the residents of the ancient city of Sang calves living in the city during the Han Dynasty. The excavation of this tomb provides information for the study of the burial structure and handicraft level of this area, enriches the local cultural connotation, and provides clues for the study of the historical appearance of this area at that time.
Uncover the code for the Sengoku ruins
From October 20 to December 2021, the Qingdao Institute of Archaeology conducted archaeological excavations of tombs and sites involved in the area occupied by the Jiqing Central Line Project. According to reports, the site of Guxian is located in the north of Guxian Village, Baicheng Town, Gaomi City, and is a municipal cultural relics protection unit in Weifang, and the site is a site of the Shang Zhou and Han Dynasties. The excavation area is located in the south of the site, the surface collected more pottery pieces, mostly clay gray pottery, a small amount of sand gray pottery, the recognizable shape is mainly beans, a small number of pots, bristles and other abdominal pieces, pottery pieces decorated with plain surface and rope patterns, the surface can see more destroyed brick tombs. According to Shi Yubing, the archaeological excavations were more than 1,700 square meters, 132 ash pits, 8 ash ditches, 16 wells, 2 stoves, 12 tombs, and more than 100 artifacts and specimens were excavated. Through excavation, the strata and ash pits, ash ditches, wells unearthed artifacts are mainly beans, pots, urns, pots, tiles and other utensils, the era should be in the Warring States to the Han Dynasty; the tombs are brick chamber tombs or brick tombs, excavated white pottery, celadon porcelain, white porcelain, white ground black flower porcelain, sauce glazed porcelain and so on.
Pottery such as pottery bristles remain at the bottom of the ash pit.
Through this excavation, it is recognized that the main era of the ancient sacrifice site should be the Warring States to han, and there will occasionally be pottery pieces of spring and autumn or even Shang in the site, but because the site is seriously damaged, the formation is shallow, and the early remains are basically missing, so the site should be a production and living site in the Warring States to Han Dynasty, and it has been used as a tomb distribution area in the Wei Jin, Song Jin, Ming and Qing dynasties, and in the early excavation of the surrounding investigation, there are City sites, temples and other architectural sites around the Tang and Song Dynasties, where the Tang and Song tombs may be related to the surrounding Tang and Song residential sites.
Prehistoric settlements surface
The site of Xiyu Gezhuang is located in the southwest and south of Xiyu Gezhuang Village in the Xiashan District of Weifang City, and is also an archaeological project along the Jiqing Central Line Project.
Since August 2021, the Qingdao Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology has organized personnel to conduct archaeological excavations in the distribution area of the ruins. According to Fu Shenglong, the head of the on-site archaeology team, due to the large east-west span of the excavation area, the archaeological excavation was divided into five areas from west to east, and a total of 153 tombs were cleaned. Through excavations, it can be seen that the tomb dates from the Warring States to the late Qing Dynasty, covering the Warring States, the Two Han Dynasties, the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Five Dynasties of the Late Tang Dynasty, the Song Yuan, the Ming dynasty, the Ming dynasty and other eras, mainly from the Han to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The tombs between the Han and Wei and Jin dynasties are mainly vertical pit tombs and vertical pit brick tombs, and there are also a small number of single-chamber brick tombs with sloped tombs. The excavated utensils are mainly gray clay pots, gray clay pots, copper coins, but also a small number of copper mirrors, glazed clay pots, primitive celadon pots, white clay pots, white clay flat pots and so on. From the Han to Wei and Jin ash pits, a number of fragments such as barrel tiles, plate tiles, clay pots, and clay pots were excavated; in the ash pits of the Longshan period, pottery dings, pottery pots, pottery pots, clay pots, pottery plates, pottery cups, lids, pottery spinning wheels and other pottery tools were excavated from the ash pits of the Longshan period, as well as stone tools such as stone knives, stone arrows, stone hammers, and traverses.
The Longshan site found in this archaeological excavation contains trenches, housing sites, ash pits and other remains, and the excavated artifacts are rich in variety, which provides information for studying the distribution of prehistoric settlements in the Huanhe, Quhe and Weihe river basins. The burial age lasted for a long time, which also provided valuable information for the study of the cultural evolution of the Weifang area.