Cover news reporter Dai Zhuxin Zhong Xiaolu
On January 24, the second press conference on new archaeological discoveries in Shaanxi was held. The reporter learned from the meeting that the Taiping ruins, the original Zhou dynasty architecture and the western Zhou city site, the qin shi huang mausoleum outer city east gate site, the western Han emperor mausoleum - baling site, Xianyang Hongdu original tomb group, Xi'an new xiaozhai Yuan Dynasty Zhao family cemetery six sites selected as the second Shaanxi "six big" important archaeological new discoveries.
Taiping Ruins:
The Taiping site is located in Doumen Street, Fengdong New Town, Xixian New District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, and current archaeological exploration and excavation work shows that this is a newly discovered large settlement site in the Guanzhong Basin from the Hakka Zhuang cultural period, dating from about 4150-3700 years ago, and has entered the Xia Chronology range.
Pottery plaque ornaments excavated from the Taiping site
The excavated jade, jade bi, bi core, jade huang, jade jewelry and other relics indicate that there is a complete set of jade production operation chains in the Taiping site. The excavated bones are well-formed and the burn marks are clearly recognizable. In addition, a pottery bell reflecting the ancient ritual music system and a pottery plaque with exquisite patterns have been unearthed.
The second combination of pottery excavated from the Taiping site
The remains of floating crops mainly include millet, millet, rice and so on. At present, our work on the Taiping site is only the tip of the iceberg, but the existence of jade processing and production, bone bones, pottery plaques and pottery bells shows that the Taiping site has the necessary elements of a high-grade central settlement site, and is an important site in the central area where we understand the origin and early development of Chinese civilization.
The Taiping ruins bring together the cultural factors of the surrounding eastern, southern, western and northern regions, and are the spokes of cultural exchanges between the four sides, laying the prehistoric foundation for the capital culture represented by the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang dynasties in the middle of the Guanzhong Basin.
Zhouyuan Ruins:
The site of Zhouyuan is a large settlement of capitals that lasted from the Pre-Zhou Period to the entire Western Zhou Dynasty.
Fragments of bronze artifacts excavated from the Zhouyuan ruins - the east gate of the outer city
The large rammed earth buildings of the Pre-Zhou Period discovered this time fill the gap of the previous Zhouyuan site without high-grade ruins of the Pre-Zhou Period, proving that the Wangjiazui area is the settlement center of the Pre-Zhou Period of the ZhouYuan Site. Combined with previous studies on the scale and cultural nature of the settlement, it is clear that the Site of Zhouyuan was the place where the ancient Gonggong Father moved to Qi. Large-scale warehouse buildings and related discoveries in the late Warring States period confirm the location of Meiyang County in Eastern Zhou, and further support the original Zhou Dynasty as Qiyi in combination with literature.
Zhouyuan ruins - "Meiyang" pottery text
The discovery of the city wall range of the Zhouyuan site in the Western Zhou Period is a major progress in exploring the history of city construction in the pre-Qin period of the mainland, which provides a reference background for clarifying the structure of the Zhouyuan site settlement, the understanding of the nature of the relevant remains, and the outline of the settlement and social change process, and provides an important example for the establishment of the three generations of duyi.
Ruins of the East Gate of the Outer City of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin:
The mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, the first feudal emperor in Chinese history, Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, is located in the northern foothills of Lishan Mountain, with a grand scale and rich burial. After 60 years of archaeological work, the layout and connotation of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor have been basically clarified, and a large number of exquisite cultural relics have been unearthed.
Excavation panorama of the ruins of the East Gate of the Outer City of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin
The ruins of the East Gate of the Outer City of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum are located about 200 meters east of Fengtu. Since 1962, archaeologists have carried out a large number of archaeological surveys and exploration work, and have a preliminary understanding of the east gate of the outer city of the cemetery. In order to clarify the structure and shape of the east gate of the outer city and promote the archaeological research of the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin Shi Huang, with the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Qin Shi Huang Emperor Mausoleum Museum excavated the site of the east gate of the outer city in 2021.
The doorway of the East Gate of the Outer City of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and its stone components
This excavation determined the scale, shape and basic structure of the site of the East Gate of the Outer City of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, clarified the construction and destruction process, and provided basic information for the scale, grade and layout of the qin shi huang mausoleum ceremonial building, and even the study of the ancient Chinese mausoleum system and the history of Chinese architecture.
Western Han Dynasty Emperor Mausoleum - Baling Ruins:
Clothed clay figurines were unearthed from a pit outside the Jiangcun Tomb
With the efforts of several generations of archaeologists, the name of the Han Dynasty Emperor Baling and the scope layout of the mausoleum area have been basically clear: the Jiangcun Tomb discovered in 2006, which is 800 meters away from the Tomb of Empress Dou, provides an important clue for determining the specific location of the Baling Tombs, and opens up a discussion on the specific location of the Tombs of the Emperor Wen; from 2011 to 2013, the protection and archaeological work of the Western Han Emperor's Tombs basically clarified the distribution range and morphological layout of the cultural relics in the Baling (Phoenix Mouth, Jiangcun Tomb) and the Nanling Mausoleum Area. In particular, the exploration of the Phoenix Mouth did not find any remains of the mausoleum, which provided a strong support for the discussion of the ownership of the tomb owner of the Jiangcun Tomb.
Painted clay figurines were unearthed from the outer tibetan pit of the Nanling Tomb
Since 2017, the excavation of the outer pit, funerary tomb and the outer pit of the Nanling Tomb in Jiangcun and the archaeological investigation and exploration work around it have clarified the connotation and attributes of the outer pit of the Jiangcun Tomb; the outer cemetery that encloses the tomb of Empress Dou and the tomb of Jiangcun is the key evidence to determine that the Tomb of Empress Dou and the tomb of Jiangcun is the key evidence to determine that the Tomb of The Han Dynasty is the tomb of emperor Of Han.
At this point, from the perspective of archaeology, the complete chain of evidence to determine that the Jiangcun Tomb is the tomb of the Han Wen Emperor has been fully presented.
The original large wooden carts and exquisite carriage and horse ornaments excavated from the Outer Tibetan Pit of Nanling not only show the respect and filial piety of Emperor Wendi of Han to his mother, but also a large number of gold and silverware in the style of grassland culture are direct evidence of the cultural exchange and integration of agriculture and animal husbandry in ancient China.
Xianyang Hongduyuan Tomb Group:
Hongduyuan, a place name that has disappeared for a thousand years, because of the archaeological discoveries that have attracted the attention of the world, have once again appeared in the vision of contemporary people... There are more than 3,800 ancient tombs from the Warring States to the Ming and Qing dynasties, lasting for more than 2,200 years, and more than 16,000 cultural relics (groups) have been unearthed.
Cultural relics excavated from the original tomb of Hongdu
The discovery of ancient tombs at the same site that lasted so long, in so many numbers, on such a large scale, and with little missing rings of age and type, was unprecedented in the history of archaeology. Due to its location in Gyeonggi, Hongduyuan tomb owner status is generally high, representative and representative, is an excellent specimen for studying the ancient Chinese burial system, and has great positive significance for the construction of the archaeological system framework of ancient Chinese tombs.
Hongdu was originally a golden bronze Buddha statue excavated from the Ren cemetery M3015 in the late Eastern Han Dynasty
The discovery of the complete development trajectory of the Sui and Tang family cemeteries in the Northern Dynasty is of great value for promoting the in-depth study of archaeology and history in this period. Among the excavated cultural relics, there are many fine works and breakthrough discoveries. Combined with the comprehensive research results of the archaeological data of the Hongduyuan tomb in the past 70 years, the huge amount of information contained in it is enough to continue to write half of the history of China, and combined with the documentary records passed down from generation to generation, it will greatly help to elucidate the historical value, cultural value, aesthetic value, scientific and technological value and era value of cultural relics.
Yuan Zhao Family Cemetery:
From April to November 2021, in order to cooperate with the capital construction, the Xi'an Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology found more than 250 relics of various periods within the land area of the original Qujiang International Convention and Exhibition Center, of which 9 tombs were a Yuan Dynasty Zhao family cemetery, the burial site was arranged in an unorthodox manner, and the use time basically ran through the Yuan generation, which belonged to the Guanyu burial under the influence of the popular Wuyin surname Li theory at that time.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the tomb of the Zhao family unearthed domestic animal figurines
The types of cultural relics unearthed from the tombs are relatively rich, ranging from pottery tools specially used for burial to practical porcelain, gold, jade and so on.
Pottery figurines were unearthed from the Zhao family cemetery in the Yuan Dynasty
The excavation of this cemetery helped people open a cross-door to the Chang'an City of the Yuan Dynasty, through which not only the rise and fall of the Zhao clan was seen, but also the thoughts, lives and hobbies of the middle and lower-level officials of the Han nationality at that time.
It is reported that the selection was guided by the Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics and the Shaanxi Provincial Federation of Social Sciences, and sponsored by the Shaanxi Archaeological Society.