Qi Tao
Recently, the author has carefully studied the inscription of the thirteenth year of Qing Tongzhi (1874 AD) "Yuxiang County Qiangyi Nunnery Exemption and Exemption from Difference" inscription. The stele, now in the Yongji City Museum, is bluestone, vertically rectangular, 200 cm high, 76 cm wide and 16 cm thick. The surrounding line of the stele is engraved with a 4 cm wide decorative pattern belt, which is patterned with peony and lotus flowers with vase flowers. The main text is 14 lines, full of 68 characters, the diameter of the characters is 2.5 cm, the script is written by Yan Jingming, the right attendant of the Ministry of Works at the time, and the former ZhiyuXiang County Affairs Wang Shouzheng proofread, and the student Qu Yan Bingshudan. The stele is partially eroded and eroded, and the text is divided into two parts: the upper part is engraved with the report of the gentleman of The Three Townships requesting the establishment of the General Bureau of Limin in November of the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869 AD) and the instructions of Qiang Yi'an of Yuxiang Zhi County, a total of 23 lines, a full line of 20 characters, and a word diameter of 2 centimeters; the lower part is engraved with the supply regulations for carriages, horses, large differences, and miscellaneous differences personally determined by Qiang Yi'an of Yuxiang Zhi County, a total of 17 lines, a full line of 24 characters, and a word diameter of 3 centimeters; the above are all letters, published by Zhang Chengde, and the Republic of China's "Yuxiang County Chronicle" Volume IX contains inscriptions.
The author of the monument, Yan Jingming, from the high plane of social chaos and the survival of political power, through the analysis and profound discussion of the development and changes of the conscription system in the feudal society of the mainland after the Tang and Song dynasties and since the Ming and Qing dynasties, vividly and vividly recorded the political achievements of Qiang Yi'an in the former Yuxiang Zhixian County at the beginning of his term of office, and highlighted the social proposition of "caring for the peasants as the foundation of government affairs" in the new era.
▲ "Yuxiang County Qiangyi Nunnery Exemption from Reduction" stele part
The foundation of government is in the care of farmers
The inscription has a real presentation of the living conditions of the peasants, with a strong sense of compassion for the peasants. The beginning is: "There are those who are suffering in the world and are still loyal to the matter, and their peasants... Let the world know the benefits of the peasants and the pleasures of the peasants, and the world will rule with them. "To the effect that the hardest thing under the heavens is the peasants, but they are still cultivating the crops day after day; those who have not planted crops and do not know the hardships of the peasants are not very benevolent; Mencius said that the state's policy should not delay agricultural affairs in the first place, and only by loose servitude can people understand the benefits of agriculture and the happiness of the peasants, and the country can be governed.
The inscription also says: "Lishui Qiang Yi'an Marquis came to quan Yu Seal, and at the beginning of the dismounting, the people's strength had been exhausted, and they were worried about the long-term summoning of chaos... The heart of the Marquis of Yi, is it not sincere to know the essence of the peasants' political affairs? "This means that Qiang Yi'an, who came from Lishui County in Jiangsu Province to Yuxiang County as a county commander, was very sympathetic to the poverty and hardships of the peasants at the beginning of his term of office, and worried about social instability caused by a long time... The county commander's heart is very clear about the fundamental matter of caring for farmers. The inscription also records: "Over the years, the valley has not ascended, and the days have followed the long mu, witnessing the Yu people selling their wives and beards, weeping and sorrowful, there is nothing to do..." This means that in the past, the years were not good, the harvest was not good, and I saw with my own eyes that the peasants in Yuxiang sold their wives and children to others because of the compulsion of life, crying hunger and cold, sad and sad, and there was no way.
As mentioned above, the author deeply portrays the poverty and destitution of the people at the lowest level of feudal society in the form of white painting, which in a certain sense is a concrete reflection of the idea of compassion for the peasants.
The will of the people should be obedient
Looking at the life course of the inscription's author Yan Jingming, whether it was the period when he was a teenager cultivating crops on the banks of the Yellow River in Dali County, Shaanxi Province, and studying hard at the Guanzhong Academy, or the life of retiring and living in seclusion under the Zhongtiao Mountain in Yongji in his middle and late years, and gathering disciples to teach the scriptures, we can see that he has a deep understanding of the peasants' living conditions.
"He who gives, the suffering of the people is also suffered." The general idea is that for a long time in the past, I was stripped of harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes with the people, and my life was very miserable, and now I enjoy the favor of Zhixian Qiangyi'an, and the people will erect a monument to you as proof, do not prevaricate. "If Qiang Hou is really in Yuxiang County for a long time, he will certainly be able to raise infinite benefits for the Yu people, and he will be able to legislate with the deputy imperial court, persuade the peasants, and benevolent people..." The gist is to say that if Qiang Yi'an can serve as a zhi county in Yuxiang County for a long time, to perceive the poverty of the people and conform to the will of the people, then he will certainly be able to seek many benefits for the people of Yuxiang, so as to embody the original intention of the imperial court to legislate fairly, persuade the peasants, and love the people.
The inscription on the inscription on the stele records that Qiang Yi'an of Zhixian County replied to the instructions of the local sanxiang gentlemen on the establishment of the General Bureau of Errands: "There are many errands in the territory, bitterness and happiness are uneven, and the actual people's strength is not arrested." After the gentry have been consulted, the community is difficult, and the people's strength is relieved in accordance with public opinion, and the General Bureau of The People's Republic of China is set up, and the General Bureau of the People's Republic of China is set up as promised, and it is considered to be a final chapter..." It shows that Qiang Yi'an observes the people's feelings, conforms to the will of the people, relieves the people's strength, agrees with the opinions of the people, establishes the General Bureau of the People, and establishes it in the form of an inscribed monument, and publicizes it, embodying the political concept that officials must conform to the will of the people and the people, and truly reflects the people-oriented thinking of Yan Jingming, a famous minister of the late Qing Dynasty.
Rules and regulations must be followed
Yan Jingming (1817 AD ~ 1892 AD), known as the "Prime Minister of Saving Time" in the late Qing Dynasty, was a native of Zhao Du Town, Chaoyi County, Shaanxi Province (present-day Dali County, Shaanxi Province), a soldier in the 25th year of Daoguang (1845 AD), and successively served as the Inspector of Shandong, the Shangshu of Hubu, the Shangshu of Bingbu, and the Minister of Military Aircraft. He was not afraid of power, impeached lawlessness, advocated honesty and frugality, straightened out bad luck, punished corruption and straightened out righteousness, strictly guarded against the fullness of the middle, and lived his whole life as an official who was honest and honest. When Empress Dowager Cixi was discussing the construction of the Summer Palace, Yan Jingming resolutely refused to open funds on the grounds that "there was a lack of treasury and silver, the great powers were around, and it was not suitable for living and acting arbitrarily", and empress dowager Cixi reprimanded her and gave the punishment of "dismissal and retention". During his short political career, he was dismissed from his official position seven times, either stayed in Beijing or returned to his hometown to be used.
He was worried about the country and the people, was willing to be charitable, enthusiastic about local public welfare undertakings, stored grain and prepared for the people, not only donated money to build a righteous school, but also advocated and urged the construction of a "Fengtu Yicang" on the west side of the county seat (Chaoyi) (17 kilometers east of the present-day Dali County). At that time, it was the only private granary in the country, which could store 5 million kilograms of grain. Empress Dowager Cixi inscribed the title "The First Warehouse in the World". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the government still used it as a grain station, and now it is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Yan Jingming's hometown of Former Chaoyi County and Hedong Former Yuxiang County are less than 100 miles in a straight line. After he returned to his hometown, he lived in Xiasi Village in the former Yongji County, Tunli Village in the former Yuxiang County, and Upstairs Village, and finally died in upstairs Village. During his stay in Yongji, he had a strict family style, harmonious neighbors, gathered disciples to teach the scriptures, lectured tirelessly, gave ink treasures to people, presided over justice, and was respected by people. When he lived in Tunli Village, Yuxiang County, when he saw that many local "children" had no way to go to school, he set up a museum to teach while recuperating his body.
According to Weng Tonggong, who was 24 years younger than Yan Jingming, who was also an official in the imperial court and was a master of the Guangxu Emperor, recorded in his diary that Yan Jingming "used it 11 times in the Qing court, retreated for 16 years, and lectured at Zhongtiao Mountain, which was respectable and respectable." In Loushang Village, there is a natural and simple "Yan Jia Lou" built by his third son Yan Qizhu, the residence of Yan Jingming, his family and his descendants. Inscribed on the upper floor of the main courtyard of the mansion is a pair of yanglian written by Yan Jingming himself: "To suffer losses and hardships in dealing with things, to cure life is not to seek wealth and study, not to seek officials." This pair of links contains the open feeling of not caring about personal gains and losses, and not being bound by fame and fortune, which is not only Yan Jingming's lifelong experience of governing and living in the world, but also contains his ardent hope for future generations. For more than 100 years, the descendants of the Yan family have adhered to and inherited the family style and family training, worked hard, and had talents on behalf of them.
In order to ensure that the officials are clean and honest, and there are rules to follow, Yan Jingming pointed out in the inscription: "Those who choose to be very harmful are exempted from reduction, and the book is written as a final chapter..." This means that some harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes that seriously harm the interests of the people in Yuxiang County are selected to be reduced or reduced, and rules and regulations have been established and strictly enforced. As mentioned above, In reply to the instructions of the local sanxiang gentlemen on the establishment of the General Bureau of Errands, Qiang Yi'an said: "There are many errands in the territory, bitterness is uneven, and the real people's strength is not caught... It is explained that Qiang Yi'an observes the people's feelings, cares for the people's livelihood, strictly prohibits harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes, and establishes its use, frequency, quota, etc., in the form of rules and regulations. "The flowing water wagon and horse magazine have two consecutive tickets, the stamp is stamped with the deposit, and the tickets in the bureau should be paid..." The relevant financial expenditure procedures were handled in strict accordance with the requirements of the regulations and publicized, which reflected the way of Qiang Yi'an abiding by the laws of the land and various rules and regulations as an official.
In short, the inscription shows the extreme importance and intrinsic relevance of "inspectors" and "sympathetic peasants" in national governance, which is of far-reaching significance in today's comprehensive and strict management of the party.
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Yuxiang County Qiangyi Nunnery is exempt from the reduction of the difference
There are those who are still loyal to the matter, and those who are still loyal to the matter, their peasants! If you do not know his loyalty, you do not know his suffering, and even those who are not benevolent are even more. Mencius said that when the king was in power, he would first forgive his servitude when he did not take the peasants, so that the world would know the benefits of the peasants and the pleasures of the peasants, and the world would rule with them. What about the present farmer? The march of force, no matter how ancient it is. Tang Yangyan and rented Yong to two taxes, Ding Kou Yong money has been included in the two taxes, and the Song people recalculated Ding to fix the service. In the former Ming Dynasty, the Ten Thousand Calendars established the Whip Law, and all the nameless miscellaneous signs were cited and the right offerings were made. It is the law of service that has been taxed, and it is reinstated outside the regular payment. The so-called wide people of the ancients, the Song and the Ming both increased and intensified, and the peasants became more and more vulnerable. My dynasty system is beyond the past generation, customization is never counted, although the military and the people are powerful, the customization is still allowed to be reimbursed. Take the laws of service that have changed through the ages and have no good policies, and sweep them away in one fell swoop. Holy Pilgrim Ren En Zhou Huan, Tang Yu's world, is it too much! And the peasants' loyalty is not easy to customize. The great soldiers are supplied, the permanent service is provided, and all the needs of the nameless are provided. For the elderly, it is regarded as a matter of course, and there is no end to it. The reason why the world is in great trouble and chaos is that it cannot be stopped. Jinzhiyu Township County, in the Yongzheng period. Yu Minzhi's loyalty to Shangye provided for the food utensils of the Yi County Bureau for the carriage and horse, which did not have much at the beginning, and the support should still be powerful. In the salty and abundant season, the cost is plentiful, and it is getting worse and worse. Yu Min's offering to the county needs 10,000 taels of platinum per year, and assists yongji county in car and horse. To secluded in the mountains of Shurul, only twenty thousand two. The land is not in the way of the hole, the place where the soldiers and the soldiers are not involved, and the heavy and complicated service is also rare and unheard of. In the autumn of his own death, Lishui Qiangyi Yi Hou came to quan Yu Seal, and at the beginning of the dismounting, the people's strength had been exhausted, and they were worried about the long-term summoning of chaos, and they chose those who were very harmful to avoid them, and wrote it as a final chapter. Depending on the use of the past, it is provincial and half strong. The heart of the Marquis of Yi, is it not sincere to know the essence of the peasants' political affairs? Yu Negative disease avoided Kou and vigorously cultivated the middle of the mountain. Over the years, the valley has not ascended, and the days have followed the long mu, witnessing Yu Min selling his wife and beard, weeping and sorrowful, there is nothing to do, Fang repents of the first time and does not choose to do it. Self-strengthening Marquis Ren, great leniency of the former government, out of the water and fire and the seat of the seat, the folk are interesting, the lane song household praise, women and children in unison. Mr. Yu Quan said: "I am strong and rich, I am so worried about people, although Mr. Yu is sick, he does not pay personnel, but he serves Tian Yuzi, and also Yu Zhinong." To those who give, the suffering of the people is also to be suffered. Those who are exempted and reduced now are not also lenient and the strength of Mr. He, that is, he is willing to remember it, and he will not resign. "Yu Ri and the farmers, well aware of the details of the matter. The offerings of food utensils rejoice in this, and the more faithful the faithful the faithful, the more they lament their suffering. If the Strong Marquis is really in Yu's service for a long time, he will be able to raise infinite benefits for the Yu people, and he will be able to legislate with the deputy imperial court, persuade the peasants, and benevolent the people. I am the one who is strong and the marquis today, who believes in it and does good deeds before the law, who does not cause long-lasting malpractice, who has a loyal heart, and who does not forget his suffering, and who is also in the yu people can be strong Hou Yifu!