Traditional drugs
heroin
Other common names: diacetylmorphine, commonly known as white powder, white face.
Physical properties: Pure product is white columnar crystal or crystalline powder.
Abuse: Injected into the body through nasal inhalation, aspiration, subcutaneous injection, and intravenous injection.
Toxicity: Heroin has analgesia, sedation, cough, asthma, mydriasis, vomiting, inhibition of breathing, mental euphoria, endocrine effects, etc., can be inhaled through the digestive tract, mucous membranes and lungs, can cause respiratory failure, leading to death. After use, there is a short period of euphoria, pain disappears, and symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, dizziness, palpitation, dyspnea, wet limbs, cyanosis, coma, narrowing of the pupil to the tip of the needle, and disappearance of light reflexes occur. The lethal amount of heroin ranges from 0.12 g to 0.15 g.
Harm: Heroin addiction is more than 2 times that of morphine, abusers will have miosis, shimmering, emaciation, unclear speech, itchy skin, reduced immune function and other symptoms; complications include AIDS, hepatitis, syphilis, pneumonia and pulmonary edema. At the time of withdrawal: initial salivation, runny nose, tears, sweating, anxiety, frequent yawning, insomnia, etc.; followed by anorexia, mydriasis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, etc.
opium
Other common names: the medical name opioid, commonly known as large smoke, tobacco, aerobics, etc., are narcotic drugs extracted from poppy plants.
Common opium varieties:
Raw opium. It refers to the poppy plant will have a capsule, the immature capsule contains a white pulp, cut along the fiber direction, the white pulp flows out and gradually condenses into a dark brown paste.
Refined opium. Also known as cooked opium, it is a black hard lump formed after soaking raw opium in water, then heating and filtering to remove impurities such as the skin of the capsule and evaporate. Suya tablets are traditional opium drugs, usually packaged in a thin cloth or plastic paper, and when smoked, they produce a strong sweet smell.
Opium products. It is a legal drug for medical use, common opium powder, opium liquid, etc., mainly used for pain relief and diarrhea.
Poppy husk (capsule peel). Refers to the remaining capsule shell after the pulp and seeds have been removed. It has a certain pain-relieving and anti-diarrhea effect, but long-term consumption will become addictive.
Abuse: Generally suction
Toxicity: The pharmacological effects of opium are mainly caused by morphine, codeine and nacotin. Opium has sedative, antidiarrheal and cough effects, but morphine, codeine, and tibaine are all highly addictive and are narcotic drugs controlled by the state. Mild symptoms of opiate poisoning are initially extreme excitement, followed by thirst, upset, fatigue, drowsiness and pupil contraction; moderate symptoms are deep sleep, unconscious after awakening, accompanied by nausea; severe symptoms are slow pulse, lethargy, decreased body temperature, loss of reflexes, slowing of breathing, and eventual death due to paralysis of the respiratory center. The lethal amount of opioids ranges from 2 to 5 grams.
Manifestations of addiction: there will be no blood on the face, emaciation, blindness, pupil reduction, insomnia, idleness all day, gradual loss of immune function, disease produces a variety of diseases, and eventually death.
Withdrawal reactions: usually occur 4 to 8 hours after discontinuation and peak at 36 to 48 hours. There will be drooling, runny nose, tears, sweating, anxiety, frequent yawning, insomnia, etc.; followed by anorexia, dilated pupils, goosebumps on the skin, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, etc., most regret the increase in blood pressure, muscle and joint pain, dehydration, and aggravation of generalized discomfort.
morphine
Common varieties: morphine, alkaloids directly extracted from opium, are often called "yellow skin", "yellow arsenic", etc. in the drug trade, of which the morphine content is about 60% to 70%, light coffee color, opium smell, fine grains; crude morphine, often called "No. 1 heroin" in the drug trade, of which the content of morphine hydrochloride is 70% to 90%, the color is dark brown, beige and white, powder or block; morphine tablets, legally produced narcotic drugs, there are morphine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate The color is beige or yellow and flaky.
Toxicity: Morphine is the most important alkaloid in opium, so the symptoms of morphine poisoning, addiction and withdrawal are mostly similar to those of opium. The toxicity of morphine is mainly manifested in the inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, and the paralytic effect on the respiratory center is the main cause of death. Acute poisoning is manifested by flushing, tiredness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, uncoordinated movements, such as drunkenness, confusion, coma, loss of reflexes, body temperature, decreased blood pressure, narrowing of the pupils on both sides as large as pinpoints, weak and irregular pulses, shallow breathing or tidal breathing, and pulmonary edema and respiratory paralysis during 6 to 8 hours of poisoning.
Withdrawal reactions: lacrimation, sweating, dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased body temperature, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, muscle arthralgia and nerves, increased mental excitability, panic, restlessness, yawning, tremor, and in severe cases, prostration and loss of consciousness.
cocaine
hemp
Cannabis is an annual plant that contains more than 400 chemicals, more than 60 of which have similar chemical properties, hence the collective name cannabinoids.
Common varieties:
The cannabis plant commonly used for smoking refers to "Indian cannabis", which includes the leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant.
Cannabis plant flower buds can produce a sap-rich and rich resin, collected and dried resin is heated or pressed to make yellow-brown, brownish red to black and other different colors of cannabis resin, can be smoked like cannabis plants.
Organic solvents such as petroleum ether and ethanol can be used to extract cannabinoids from cannabis plants or cannabis resins and obtain a viscous liquid of dark brown or dark green - hemp oil.
Toxic side effects and abuse symptoms: In terms of mental activity, cannabis can make users feel happy, change their mood and subjective feelings about things, impair thinking and problem-solving ability, and use in large doses can cause hallucinations, delusions, and mental disorders. Physically, short-term effects include sedation, congestion, rapid heartbeat, lung irritation and cough, increased appetite, and decreased blood pressure. People who smoke marijuana can develop serious health problems such as bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma. Long-term high-dose use of cannabis can cause brain diseases such as degenerative brain changes, severe behavioral damage, immune system suppression, and neurological diseases. Long-term use of high doses of cannabis can cause withdrawal symptoms of physical withdrawal once smoked, including headaches, tremors, sweating, stomach pain and nausea.
Withdrawal symptoms also include some behavioral symptoms, such as: restlessness, irritability, sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, etc. Cannabis dependence is mainly psychological dependence, and physical dependence is lighter and less tolerant.
Synthetic drugs
methamphetamine
Chemical Name: Methamphetamine
Common form: solid, colorless transparent crystal, shaped like ice, so it is called methamphetamine.
Abuse: same as cigarette, oral, nasal, intravenous
Hazards: Cause excessive excitement, talk a lot, emotions are high, long hours of work or study will be no sense of fatigue, no hunger. However, long-term abuse can lead to chronic poisoning, weight loss, weight loss, ulcers, abscesses, nail brittleness, and nighttime bruxism. By intravenous injection, it can cause a variety of infectious comorbidities, including hepatitis, bacterial endometritis, sepsis, and AIDS. Mental confusion, hypersexuality, anxiety, irritability, and hallucinations may occur. People will be suspicious and sensitive, and even become paranoid or delusional, and often have emotional changes. In severe cases, there will be violent acts such as suicide and homicide, and excessive use will lead to poisoning and even death.
Magu
Magu is a tablet containing methamphetamine, also known as magu, hemp fruit.
The main ingredients: methamphetamine, caffeine, ethyl vanillin, of which the content of methamphetamine is 16.5% ~ 17.5%, the content of caffeine is about 70%, and ethyl vanillin is a spice, making Magu smell strong fragrance.
Appearance characteristics: The average mass of Magu is 70 mg to 90 mg, the diameter is between 5 mm and 6 mm, and the surface of the tablet is usually engraved with "WY" and "888", etc., and there are also a few Magu without notching. The color of Magu is mainly dark red, and there are bright red, pink, purple red, green, light green, orange, brown and other colors.
Symptoms of toxicity and abuse: Because the main toxic component of Magu is methamphetamine, its toxicity, abuse symptoms, and internal processes are the same as those of methamphetamine crystals.
ecstasy
Ecstasy generally refers to tablets and pills containing hallucinogenic amphetamine-type stimulant ingredients. After taking it, it is mainly manifested as overactivity, shaking head and twisting waist, dancing, delusion, shamelessness, sexual impulse and hallucinations and violent tendencies, so it is commonly known as "ecstasy".
Common varieties: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and so on.
Let's take MDMA as an example:
Physical properties: MDMA alkali is a colorless oily liquid, which is mostly abused as its hydrochloride and is a white powder.
Abuse mode: oral, nasal inhalation, intravenous injection is the mainstay.
Toxicity: MDMA abusers need both its excitatory and hallucinogenic effects and appreciate its hallucinogenic effects even more. MDMA can cause permanent brain cell damage and non-permanent damage to liver cells, and severe poisoning can cause dehydration and sudden heart attacks.
Symptoms of abuse: MDMA in high doses often has auditory and visual changes. Symptoms manifested in the body organs, including increased blood pressure, heart rhythm, accelerated pulse, severe muscle tension, uncontrollable teething, dry mouth, trembling hands, nausea, some fatigue, sweating, blurred vision, anxiety and mental disorders. Even moderate doses of MDMA can produce severe increased body temperature, cardiovascular dysfunction, jaundice, and convulsions. The side effects of long-term abuse of MDMA are also manifested in psychological disorders such as psychological confusion, depression, insomnia, anxiety and nervous disorders, and nearly half of the abusers have panic and paranoia. MDMA can make the energy distracted, the movement is not coordinated, so the work of emphasizing concentration cannot be done well, especially for drivers, driving after taking MDMA is very dangerous.
Happy water
"Happy water," also known as HAPPY water, is a tasteless, transparent, liquid drug.
Ingredients: Generally contains one or more of the drug ingredients such as methamphetamine, ketamine, amphetamine, MDMA and so on. The composition of the "happy water" seized in different cases is not the same, and some even vary greatly.
Abuse hazards: Because the ingredients of "happy water" are mostly central nervous system stimulants, after taking it, it can stimulate people's central nervous system, with a series of effects such as euphoria, alertness and inhibition of people's appetite, and repeated use will make people addicted. "Happy water" poisoning is generally manifested as polyglotting, headache, confusion, high fever, increased blood pressure, night sweats, dilated pupils, loss of appetite, etc. If the use of large doses can cause people to be insane and mentally disturbed, some people will have a situation similar to delusional schizophrenia, become suspicious and have various auditory hallucinations.
Fairy water
Main ingredients: usually ketamine, but there may also be methamphetamine, ecstasy, tramadol and other drug ingredients.
Hazards: Generally mixed into alcoholic beverages for consumption, it has a hallucinogenic effect similar to smoking ketamine, and at the same time, depending on the addition of other drug ingredients, it may also produce excitation, sedation, hypnosis and other effects. Due to the large difference in the type and content of drugs, it is very easy to overuse and lead to acute poisoning.
Emerging drugs
Bare-covered mushrooms
Appearance characteristics: Most of the bare-covered mushrooms have a white umbrella handle and a brown umbrella cover, and the appearance looks flat, but some naked-covered mushrooms will change color when the flesh or stalk is damaged, often from white to blue.
Composition: Psilocybin, also known as pyrolomepenoids, is a small molecule alkaloid with hallucinogenic activity, which is dephosphorylated hydrolyzed under strong acidic or alkaline conditions to obtain the same hallucinogenic dephosphorization psilocybin.
Abuse hazards: after eating mushrooms containing psilocybin, hallucinations, visual hallucinations, dancing, accompanied by instability, slurred language, meaning disorders, coma, insanity, etc., somatic reactions include pupil dilation, rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, rising body temperature and other sympathetic excitement symptoms, and even induce self-harm and suicidal behavior.
Hallucinogenic mushrooms
Appearance characteristics: Especially famous is the poisonous fly Amanita. Amanita muscaria, which is estimated to be very familiar to many people, has a bright red to orange or yellow fungus cap with many white bumps on it, which we can often see in fairy tales, animated movies and Mario games.
Main ingredients: Contains hallucinogenic poisons such as phylloninol, amanita muscarine and poison fly alkali.
Abuse hazards: After being eaten, the severity of the symptoms of poisoning depends mainly on the weight of the eater, the habitat of the poisonous fly Amanita and the amount of intake, and the symptoms are also different, from nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea to dizziness, confusion, visual and auditory distortion, sweating, pulse slowing, etc. are also possible.
LSD stamps
Main ingredients: is the abbreviation of lysergic acid diethylamide, lysergic acid diethylamide is a colorless, odorless, odorless liquid.
Abuse method: Circulating in the drug market mainly by adsorbing the liquid on cartoon paper similar to that of a child, hence the nickname "stamp".
Abuse hazards: Visual impairments such as seeing halos around objects and trajectories behind moving objects cannot distinguish colors. Mental aspects will appear extreme fear, anxiety and other hallucinations, some users will also have a serious violent tendency, bringing personal harm to themselves and those around them. Causes pain to the body, for example, in the neurological symptoms are: motor disorders, faltering, convulsions, excessive use can also lead to paralysis of the whole body. Symptoms of the cardiovascular and digestive systems are: tachycardia, nausea, dizziness, vasodilation, tremors, cold sweat in the palms of the hands, and sometimes tremors. In addition to long-term or large-scale use of LSD, which damages memory and causes abstract thinking disorders, there are also quite serious toxic side effects, which will kill a large number of chromosomes in cells, and the large number of chromosomes carrying genetic genes will lead to abortion in pregnant women or congenital malformations of babies.
Nitrous oxide
Laughing gas, chemically known as nitrous oxide, is an oxidant that has a slight anesthetic effect and is an anesthetic used in gynecology and stomatology in some hospitals. The main risk of using laughing gas is hypoxia, when the general medical clinic uses "laughing gas" as an anesthetic, it is operated by a professional anesthesiologist, mixed with oxygen, and has a strict and accurate ratio.
Abuse hazards: frequent, large doses of abuse of laughing gas, the damage caused to the human body is very large, causing internal suffocation, resulting in human death, and carbon monoxide poisoning, gas poisoning a truth. In addition, long-term inhalation of people's central nervous system is damaged, frequent inhalation of laughing gas, there will be legs can not move, followed by urinary incontinence, and even forget their names.
Chateau grass (Arabic tea)
Appearance characteristics: Wei Spear family Qiao tea plant, fresh grass stem is red, the leaves are green, there are also dry crushed products, the appearance of green plant fragments or powder.
Main ingredient: naturally occurring cathinone in plants.
Abuse method: Fresh chat grass is generally chewed directly, and hay can be washed with water.
Abuse hazards: cathinone has a strong excitatory effect, long-term use is easy to produce dependence, well makes people mentally depressed, intermittent hallucinations, while reducing appetite and immunity, increasing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and oral cancer.
Acacia root bark
Appearance characteristics: Acacia plant acacia tree bark, the inner bark is reddish brown, the outer bark is grayish white with white dots, dry and crushed as a brown powder.
Main ingredient: Dimethyltryptamine, which occurs naturally in plants
Abuse method: Generally mixing acacia root bark and camel canopy with soaking water or powder to eat, a small amount of use will make people emotionally excited, a large amount of use will lose control of the body, and strong hallucinations, resulting in confusion and mental disorders.
Smart medicine
Appearance characteristics: bottled or aluminum-looking packaging of tablets or glue, mainly smuggled in from abroad, the logo contains "Modafinil", "Methylphenidate" and other English.
Main ingredients: Modafinil, throat vinegar egg.
Mode of abuse: Oral
Abuse hazards: has a certain excitatory effect, can make the temporary improvement of attention, and often used as a "smart drug", but the actual well does not have the ability to improve IQ, large intake can lead to anxiety, excessive excitement and mental mania, long-term use can be addictive.
Second-generation sedative hypnotic drugs
Appearance characteristics: aluminum-plastic packaging of tablets, mainly smuggled from Japan, the outer packaging is mostly in Japanese instructions. There are drug names such as Smurfs in the drug market. Different varieties can appear bright blue, red and other colors after being dissolved in water.
Main ingredients: fluoronazema, nimezepam, triazolam, etizolam and other benzodiazepines.
Abuse: Taken directly orally or with alcohol.
Abuse hazards: wells with sedative and anxiolytic effects may cause hallucinogenicity, can reduce insomnia and depressive symptoms after taking stimulant drugs, and are addictive to long-term use, which can lead to motor and consciousness disorders. Large doses can make people unconscious, so they are often used to anesthetize rape and robbery.
Third generation sedative hypnotic drugs
Appearance characteristics: The tablets packaged by Aluminum Wang include products that have been lost from domestic legal medical channels and marked as Chinese, as well as products smuggled in from abroad and labeled as foreign languages.
Main ingredients: Zolzetan, zopiclone.
Abuse hazards: it has a sedative and anxiolytic effect and may be hallucinogenic, can reduce insomnia and depressive symptoms after taking stimulant drugs, and is addictive to long-term use, which can lead to motor and consciousness disorders. Large doses can make people unconscious, so they are often used to anesthetize rape and robbery.
Diet pills
Appearance characteristics: bottled or aluminum-plastic packaging of tablets or gum hao, mainly smuggled in from abroad, the outer packaging description is the most common in Thai.
Main ingredients: phentermine, fenfluramine.
Mode of abuse: Direct oral administration.
Abuse hazard: due to appetite suppression function is used as a diet pill, but the mainland is not approved for marketing, large doses of use has excitatory and hallucinogenic effects, can lead to anxiety and mental tension, well can induce hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia and heart failure scorpion and other adverse reactions, seriously endangering health.
Capsule size zero
Appearance characteristics: bottled or aluminum foil packaged capsules, also known as "fire fox", mostly illegally manufactured in China, often using foreign languages to identify Changchong foreign products, but the printing and packaging is relatively rough.
Main ingredients: N,N-diisopropyl-5-methoxytryptamine as the representative of the new psychoactive substance of the tritamine class.
Abuse: Generally stuffed into the anus, most commonly seen in gay men.
Abuse hazards: has a strong hallucinogenic effect, and can lead to tachycardia, body convulsions and loss of consciousness, overdose can easily induce acute heart failure and kidney failure and even death.
G-spot liquid
Appearance features: "G point liquid" looks like a syringe and is a plastic encapsulated liquid with a piston.
Main ingredients: it contains N, N-diisopropyl-5-methoxytryptamine that triggers psychedelic effects, which belongs to the psychotropic drugs controlled by the state and can make people addicted, and is a third-generation drug.
Abuse method: The earliest popular entertainment places in the United States and Japan, generally stuffed into the anus, mostly seen in the gay male community.
Abuse hazards: "G-spot fluid" has a strong hallucinogenic effect, and can lead to rapid heartbeat, body convulsions and loss of consciousness, and excessive use can easily induce acute heart failure and kidney failure and even death.