In honorifics, the easy to use but easy to confuse [Ding Zhong] · [Ding Yu]
preface
When it comes to Japanese honorifics, I believe that everyone will not be unfamiliar with them.
[Honorifics] has always been a major difficulty in everyone's study, not only foreigners, but also most Japanese people can't figure it out or use it indiscriminately.
If you are using the newly compiled standard Japanese language (hereinafter referred to as "Standard Day"), the honorific system that really begins to learn Japanese systematically is lessons 47 and 48 of the Elementary Book II (N4). Mainly for the grammar and vocabulary of "Zun Ta" and "Self-Humility".
But did you know? In fact, in the beginning of our Japanese language study, we have already encountered many honorifics.
Hiyo: "O/go + noun", "I say ~", "Here", "Who", etc.
In the textbook of the standard day, three categories of honorific systems are given:
(1) Honorific language: Pay homage by elevating the character in the conversation or the listener or the listener's side.
(2) Self-effacing: Pay respect by lowering the speaker's own or the speaker's side.
(3) Polite language: Show respect to the speaker by using polite words such as "~です" and "~ます".
(From The New Standard Japanese Language, Elementary Volume II, Lesson 47)
But in fact, in the strict sense, The Japanese "honorifics" are actually divided into five categories. In addition to the three given in the above book, there are:
(4) Ding Zhongyu
(5) Beautifying language
Today we will focus on these easy to use and understand, but easy to be confused by everyone [Ding Zhong] and [Ding Xiao language].
OHARA JAPANESE
【Chou-geki】"Techogo"
Ding Zhongyu originally belonged to the category of "self-effacing language". However, due to the different emphases of use, they were divided separately. Like self-effacing, Ding Zhongyu is humble to the speaker's own behavior or things related to us, thus reflecting respect for the other party, but there is a clear difference between the two.
Ding Zhong can be used regardless of whether there is an object that needs to be raised in the conversation text; while self-effacing language can only be used when there is an object that needs to be raised.
Here we can illustrate it intuitively with an example. That is, "Samson" and "侍う".
"I'll be here"
I'm already "coming to your company" (I'm coming to Shinjuku", and "I'm coming to Shinjuku" (Shinjuku).
Because "Samson" is a Dōshige language, it can be used either as an object that needs to be raised, or as an object that needs to be raised, but as a simple place name, Shinjuku.
"I'll visit you."
As a self-effacing phrase that must be used only when there is a clear need to be raised, it can only be "Misasha に侍います" (I will visit you).
Ding Zhong is often used in formal occasions such as meetings, speeches, speeches, and hosting, and is an indispensable and frequently used language in workplace work.
For example:
"I'm The Moderator Tanaka" → "With The Moderator Tanaka" (Chou Chong)
"I will announce" → "Presentation" (Courteous)
So, what are the commonly used Ding Zhong languages in business occasions? Let's take a look at the table below:
| I say → speak or say | My → My Say Lee. What → the project to talk about. |
| → | we will confirm it as soon as →. |
| I know → know and think | I know → about it. I am grateful → I think. |
| I → | I'→ been at home since yesterday. |
| I'm → | I wish you all the best →. |
| I'm going to go → come | → I'm going to go, I'll go on a trip to Osaka tomorrow. → came a taxi. |
| Oh/ Go-Tss | We will contact you at a later date. I'll bring it with you. |
In addition, there are many nouns that also have corresponding Ding Zhong language, such as "Small Society", "Evil Society", "Humble", "Foolish", "Xiaosheng", "Humble House", "Rough Product" and so on.
【Ding-ying】"Tei-igo"
Dingyu, also known as "polite language", can be said to be the language we are most familiar with. Because its main feature is that it ends with "です" and "ます".
- Today is Thursday.
- I'm going shopping.
It is an extremely common expression of honorifics that we use very often in our daily lives.
Outside of the collusion,"It is" and "Masu" and the respectful manner "There is" Ya genus Ding-ding.
For example:
"My say Lee" 这话还还说", the level of respectfulness of the Two.
"There is a ()" or more of a derelict adjective empress, such as "Ureshui" (Note: Adjective + unspeal- typed method 复杂杂, disreconsting this volume emphasis, the late poorness of the story, and the late non-work).
In Japanese, in order to balance the components of the whole sentence, there are also some words that are used in conjunction with the Dingyu language.
For example, the following figure:
When using honorifics, be sure to use end to end.
How did you guys feel?
Then, next time ~☆
Text/Teacher Zhong
Editor/Pear Teacher
Image/From the web