This article is written by Grand Duke Peter Pavlovsk of Habsburg
"Dune" is on fire, and the sci-fi tide that has not moved for a long time has once again set off waves. It's a great thing.
Well, welcome to the Grand Duke to take you to load garlic vol.6
Blooms in the spring, fourteen five six, June six, spring hit six nine.
In the fourth episode, you said that the number is auspicious, talking about Sadako, and in the fifth episode, you say that you are full of martial virtue and talk about war.
Now that it's the sixth issue, can you still find the harmonic stem?
Harmonic terrier deduction money you don't know ha ha?
Hmmm------
Remember Starship Paratroopers? What a model of political sci-fi thriller!
In this issue, let's install a big one! Pure garlic, talk about those movies that are basically impossible for ordinary people to watch except for film students.
Let's start by throwing a proposition. And then pretend to open the scene,
Once upon a time, in the distant galaxy, sci-fi and horror were once the same thing!
It's true! Science fiction used to be a sub-category under horror films.
Or rather, science fiction is a new genre born for the uncanny valley effect.
Here you may have to ask, isn't science fiction what science fiction means? What's the deal with horror movies? Does it have no scientific implications?
This is actually a common misconception.
For a long time, science fiction films were just fantasy films, fantasy films with scientific elements, at least in the period when film technology was not yet developed, science fiction films were not so mysterious.
The reason is very simple, in the initial period of the birth of the film, there are no scientists involved in the creation of the film, and naturally there are no popular science elements and scientific literacy to correct the chaos, some are just a variety of fantasies.
Many people think that the first science fiction film in history was the French film master Georges Mérieux's "Journey to the Moon".
In fact, it is not, "Moon Travel" was released in 1902, and five years ago in 1897, Mérieux made a film called "Joker and Robot", Douban has this entry, but it is blank, only 16 people want to see, is it too high and low?
It is said that the length of the film is only 1 minute, but because of the existence of the "science fiction element" of robots, this should be the earliest science fiction film that can be documented. It should be noted that Lumiere's "Factory Gate" was only released in a café on December 28, 1895.
At that time, Georges Mérieux had hoped to buy Lumiere's camera, but was refused, so he decided to do it himself.
In a sense, Georges Mérieux is the real "father of cinema". Lumiere's value lay in the fact that he was the first to invent the camera and make a movie, and of course Edison in the United States did the same. They are the fathers of cinema's hardware and the inventors of cinema as a conceptual term.
Georges Mérieux, on the other hand, is the father of theatrical cinema, because one of his outstanding contributions was to bring many excellent plays to the screen and to systematically apply the laws of theatrical art to cinema. He instructed the actors to play the roles in the silent film with a kind of exaggerated movements, gestures, and expressionless performances, composing the pictures with natural light that he liked. He framed the camera in a suite across the stage and filmed the entire play with relish and tireless effort.
In summary, he is the founder of film as an art, in the software level is a well-deserved founder, it has shot more than 430 movies in his lifetime, many of which are the first in history, such as the first fairy tale film in history "Cinderella", the first horror film in history is basically the work of George Mérieux, but the online version is different, some say "Devil's Manor", some say "Mary's Execution of Queen Mary of Scots", fortunately they are all Mérieux's works. The first horror film in history is also the first special effects film, is the stage of technical accumulation of montage technology, Mérieux was stuck in the camera when shooting the road, after repair, he found that the carriage on the road in the picture suddenly became a coffin car, so he invented the "stop and shoot again" technology, realizing the basis of different compositions on the same film, which is only one step away from pasting the film clip. In Martin Scorsese's "Hugo", there is a scene of paying tribute to George Mérieux, which makes people sigh.
Incidentally, montage as a technology was developed by Eisenstein in the Soviet Union in the 1920s.
Many of Mérieux's 430 films are related to science fiction and horror, as was the case with the earliest science fiction masterpiece in history, Journey to the Moon. The film depicts scientists using cannons to project shells to achieve the moon landing, this idea comes from the science fiction verne novel, the film also has a rather bold description of the moon people living on the moon, thinking that it was 1902, which should be the first time ever that aliens appeared in the movie.
It is worth mentioning that when I was a child, the "Journey to the Moon" that I saw only ended here. This is a horror story. If you're looking at the late-colored colored version like I am, the shot of the shell shooting into the moon's eye is quite penetrating, especially the bloody eye socket, which may still frighten children. The last 6 scientists seem to have stayed there forever.
This is one of the childhood shadows of the Grand Duke! It can be said that in my eyes, this science fiction movie is scary enough.
Fortunately, history is not like this. According to Douban, in 1993, a badly damaged copy of the color plate was donated by a private collector to the Barcelona Film Archive, and in 2003, the ending of "Journey to the Moon" was discovered in France, which tells the story of 6 scientists returning to the shell and returning to Earth. They also fell into the sea, taking in the sights of the underwater world, as if paying homage to Verne. After more than a decade of restoration, the film was re-screened at the Cannes Film Festival in 2011 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Georges Mérieux's birth, 109 years after the film's release.
You may wonder, the shell has no power, how to return to Earth?
It's your mind that imprisons your creativity.
In the 1902 film, they are sent high above the moon by cannonballs, and the return journey is to push the shells down from the moon. Because the moon is in the sky, in the high places, just fall down.
Obviously, there was no such thing as "gravity" at that time.
To understand this, you can understand why science fiction did not have any popular science attributes at that time, but was completely a variety of fantastic ideas.
Subsequently, science fiction films slowly began to develop in the general direction of horror films.
Because the original science fiction story should be scary.
Recognized as the first science fiction novel in history was the British writer Mary Shelley, whose 1818 book " Vlakenstein " is considered the first science fiction novel in history. It's a story of pure horror, in which Vlakenstein is resurrected as a soulless corpse by "science" or "another kind of witchcraft." Whether it is a mad scientist who resurrects him or an evil Satanic friend wizard, it depends on how you understand. In short, in the eyes of readers at the time, this is the same thing, but the title is different.
Why is that? This begins with the decay of European capitalist society.
First, you need to know that in traditional European Christian values science is as reactionary as witchcraft. Anyone who opposes God and God's creative values is heretical and should be tied to a pillar of fire to receive God's blessings. This value exists and has always existed to this day, but the means are less cruel, and there is no progress in thinking. If you don't believe it, you can make a few friends with Chinese pastoral Christians.
I have, I once gave them Amway's "2001: A Space Odyssey" by the great director Stanley Kubrick, because this movie actually has a bit of a divine creation of the world, in which the theological speculation is quite deep, and it is very fun to dig into.
But they refused to watch the film because the gorilla at the beginning of the film involves evolution.
Damn political correctness!
For 200 years, this kind of rotten thinking has never left. However, with the rapid development of society, science and technology continue to gradually integrate into our lives, thus forcing the progress of social trends. This made the traditional believers seem less radical, they would not burn Bruno and hunt witches around as they did hundreds of years ago. But traditional theological values are still deeply embedded in the heart, as if riveted, too strong to be true.
In short, since the advent of the film version of Frankenstein in 1931, crazy and evil scientists have dominated science fiction movies, and science fiction movies have begun to develop as a sub-category in horror movies.
Frankenstein is also translated as Frankenstein, and you say that "science" is a positive or negative term?
But science fiction is not just a film that shows a certain science and technology (such as electricity), it still has a very deep ideological nature, after all, before the birth of science fiction films, the field of literature has developed for nearly 100 years. Fantasizing about the future of mankind, or flogging the harsh reality of the future, is a common theme in science fiction literature. For example, the old science fiction novel "Time Machine". Wells's work, published in 1895, is supposed to be the first reference to the idea of time travel, but more importantly he mentions the end of the world, and the stage of humanity's eventual development.
in 802701, humanity will be divided into above-ground and underground, and the class social attributes will be magnified to the greatest extent.
The time machine has also been put on the big screen, and because it is a movie in 2002, the special effects are not bad, but the film does not show the end of the world in the original, but designs a love story with dog blood on the class contradictions of human beings above and below ground. Because for Americans, maybe the future of the end of the world is too scary!
In Wells's original book, tens of millions of years later, the future sun is almost extinguished, the earth has stopped rotating, and there is a dead silence everywhere. On the blood-red shore, only huge objects with long tentacles were squirming. Earlier, humans were long extinct, and the world was occupied by giant crab-like creatures and butterflies.
It's too exciting for Americans. There is only one legitimate possibility of the end of the world in their minds, as recorded in the Bible. From this point of view, it is clear from this point of view that Wells's ideas are not fundamentalist Christian values.
Later science fiction films such as Planet of the Apes were apparently influenced by this original story.
Or, perhaps, influenced by the 1927 German expressionist master Fritz Lang's Metropolis.
Perhaps the latter has a greater impact, because although it was born late, it is ideologically second to "Time Machine".
As you can guess, like the time machine, a class-defined future world. But it is not a primitive society-like world like "Time Machine", but a "true future society" with highly developed technology.
Here we must first explain what expressionism is.
It's not the same as montage, it's not a cinematic art form.
It is much broader, here is a copy of Baidu everyone to make up to see it.
Expressionism, one of the most important art genres in modern times. At the beginning of the 20th century, the literary and artistic genres were popular in Germany, France, Austria, Northern Europe and Russia.
The french painter Julian Auguste Elve first used the term in 1901 to show that his paintings were distinct from Impressionism. Later German painters also boldly "innovated" in many aspects such as chapters, techniques, lines, colors, etc., and gradually formed a faction. Later, it developed into music, film, architecture, poetry, novels, drama and other fields.
Expressionism is the artist's emphasis on expressing inner emotions through his works, while ignoring the imitation of the form of the depicted object, so it is often manifested as a distortion and abstraction of reality, which is especially used to express the emotion of fear, so expressionist works with cheerful themes are rare. The works of Matisse Grunewald and Greco can also be said to be expressionist by this definition, but in general expressionism is limited to works of the 20th century.
It doesn't matter if you don't understand it, we can explain it from the film level.
The best representation of German expressionist cinema was Dr. Carrigalry's Cabin, released on 26 February 1920.
This great masterpiece is as famous as Nosferatu, a pure horror film, but it is still the story structure of the old science fiction film about "mad scientists", as you can see by the title of Dr. Caligari.
So I think the film, like Kubrick's Clockwork Orange, is a masterpiece of deconstructing the future era of science fiction in the spiritual realm. In a way, it should belong to science fiction films. After all, you can't tell whether the film depicts a futuristic world or just a mentally ill fantasy. If it is a future world, it will be a torture of the real society of Germany, a country defeated in World War I in the 20s, and if it is the imagination of a mentally ill person, it can be interpreted as a deep study of the mentally ill person's soul to see which direction you choose, and the ideological nature of this film is so complicated.
Two angles of the film can be used as a direction to study expressionism, one is the plot structure, the other is the set composition, each scene in the film is based on the research results of Expressionism in the field of painting, distorted proportions and the actor's makeup horror. Go see it again and you'll have a different experience.
In fact, the original script did not have anything about mental illness, those twisted and deformed sets, and the hideous makeup showed only an ordinary murder case of Dr. Caligari. But after the script was handed over to Fritz Lang, the master felt that the story was too scary, so he added a new beginning and ending, which gave the film a rich spiritual connotation.
Truth be told, it's even scarier.
Nearly 100 years later, Xiao Lizi's "Forbidden Island" is difficult to say whether it has borrowed from this movie. If you go to "The Cabin in Caligari" to watch, you will find that the bullet screen is all "Forbidden Island".
Fritz Lang did not direct Dr. Caligari's Cabin, he brought in newcomer director Robert Veneer to run the project.
Seven years later, he brought with him the classic Metropolis of science fiction history.
The buzzwords you can hear now, what cyberpunk, steampunk, the walking dead, the rabble, class struggle, can all be found in Metropolis, and countless film elements in later generations are derived from this classic. The rough cut of the film lasts three and a half hours, but it doesn't seem lengthy, and the opening shots can be found in almost any movie textbook, from the powerful high-speed operation of the machine, to the steam roaring through the black chimney, and then the scene of the workers changing shifts, the moving of the walking dead version and the perfect camera composition contain a deep ideological nature.
Behind him was the twenties and thirties and thirties when the struggle of the proletarian left was in full swing. High-speed industrialization has brought about a natural punishment --- the Great Depression in the capitalist world.
This is a pure science fiction film, but also a cruel epic about the future society. If you really studied the cyberpunk "future society" of this post-capitalist era, you would have a chill in your back like me.
This is the greatest achievement of horror movies, not to scare people at first, but to make you afraid!
The analysis of Metropolis should be enough for a movie textbook, and I won't get an axe. As the last work of German expressionist film, the film's grand narrative and grand design of the future society impressed many German high-level people, including the Austrian painter, who sincerely invited Fritz lang to make propaganda films for the Nazi German government, which was also strongly supported by the Reich Propaganda Minister Goebbels. Frightened Fritz Lang to run away with a bucket all night.
Legend has it that the director's mother was Jewish.
Finally they looked for Renee Rivefenstahl! That's another story.
So when did scientists start to become good people?
Generally speaking, after World War II, the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union brought two side effects, one was that there was a specific enemy, the two sides competed at various levels, and the Cold War was the meaning of fighting anywhere except for guns and guns, of which the competition between nuclear bombs and missiles was the most intense, which also contributed to the development of the space race. Coupled with the fact that nuclear weapons have become the cornerstone of national protection because of the theory of nuclear deterrence, and because the struggle for hegemony requires greater investment in various scientific fields, scientists have become less odious in the eyes of the people.
But more often than not, it is because of specific enemies that the people have diverted contradictions.
This phenomenon actually existed before World War II, which only amplified the effect of contradiction transfer.
After all, there must always be something bigger and more evil to replace the evil mad scientists to inherit the resentment of the people.
Guess what it is?
Remember Starship Paratroopers?
Yes, it's monsters. There is absolutely no moral bottom line stuff, not my race.
Not Spielberg's Jurassic Park 2 Lost World.
It was Harry Hoyt's 1925 film The Lost World. It was the first ever monster movie to objectively attract some of the firepower of a mad scientist. As well as the skull island shown in the later "King Kong", the rise of monster films lies in the maturity of the stop-motion animation industry on the one hand, and objectively allows scientists to re-stand on the side of humans and fight against monsters that exterminate humans. Overall, it saved a little face.
Of course, scientists will not be able to wait until after World War II, after all, in the values of political correctness, class enemies are the most evil existence!
The movies we talk about today are all full of forced, and they belong to textbook-level works that ordinary people can't see in this life.
The perfect combination of horror and science fiction categories hopes to provide enough talking points for the process of making a girl.
(Image from the Internet, copyright belongs to the original author)