A few years ago, I went to the Wumeng Mountain national poverty area at the junction of the three provinces of Yunnan, Guichuan, and looked at it, an almost isolated mountainous area, and saw how the country helped the poor, basically three axes.
The first axe is to directly pay poor households. This is the fastest, but bottomless pit, although it is necessary in the short term.
The second axe encourages male laborers to go out, "It is good to go out to work, and the daughter-in-law is looking for it outside." "The secretary of the county party committee took the lead in running to Zhejiang, Guangdong, to help find a job. But there are too many left-behind elderly and children.
Then it is to build a communication network, which can access the Internet, let the information be interconnected, and at the same time build roads, so that the mountain goods that find buyers can be shipped out in time, but road construction and communication need to be invested, take it slowly.
These two things are equivalent to including goods and people in poor areas into the national market, which is equivalent to accessing the "national fortune". But the shortcomings are also obvious, mountain goods and migrant workers, can only wander at the low end, it is more difficult to step into the high end.
The third axe, in the township or town level to build a settlement, the government pays money to build a house, free of charge to invite mountain people to come down to live, but this is not the most important, next, run a school in the settlement, let the children go to school nearby. If there is no settlement, the mountain people live scattered in the mountains, and it is too difficult for children to go to school.
When you go to school, you have the possibility of jumping out of the farm, and you don't rely on doing migrant workers and digging up mountains to make a living, which is a complete poverty alleviation and breaking the solidification of the class.
These three axes, from fast to slow, from shallow to deep, from emergency to solution essence.
After taking this trip, there are two personal feelings, first, the country is sincerely in poverty alleviation, in common prosperity, and second, the foothold of poverty alleviation, fundamentally in education. Otherwise, the poor person who needs to be helped will most likely be poor forever. Studies in the United States have shown that all kinds of money and welfare for blacks have led blacks into the trap of being even poorer due to habitual dependence.
Teaching people to fish is a pit, and teaching people to fish is the way.
At Harvard University, the proportion of Jews among students is 23%, the proportion of Ivy League universities is 25%, and then coincidentally, the proportion of Jews among Nobel Laureates is also 22%. But Jews make up only 0.25 percent of the world's population, so they're 100 times more likely to attend prestigious schools and win Nobel Prizes than the global average, two orders of magnitude. So where are the thresholds where the Jews can occupy the top of the pyramids of the real world?
educate.
It's time to go one step deeper. Yesterday, I saw on the Internet that Tencent held a meeting for young people, called "Boiling Festival", why is it called "Boiling", because the seven speakers and ten commended young people are all unusual, tough strivers, these people helped me open the blind spot of education.
Zhang Juncheng, a farmer from Dashan, went out to work after graduating from junior high school and worked as a security guard at Peking University. But his enthusiasm for learning was not extinguished, so he audited at Peking University, studied on his own, and then passed the adult self-examination and became a student of the law department of Peking University. This was a sensation 25 years ago.
However, after graduation, he did not do law, but did vocational education, and later opened a vocational and technical school with friends, and he became the principal, helping people like himself who failed in test-oriented education to learn a practical technique and find a job. Now Zhang Juncheng has a major in the school is a robot engineer, and he hopes to get tens of thousands of salaries after graduation.
Zhang Juncheng said, "Many people, including children whose parents can't look up to vocational schools, think that they are people who can't get into high school. This is irresponsible. Vocational education is to teach without class, as long as you have the intention, want to learn a skill, we will open the door, invite professional teachers over, help children with poor family conditions, children with their own interests to become professionals, narrow the income gap, promote class mobility, which in itself is common prosperity. ”
Hearing this, I understood that my previous understanding of education was limited to basic education, and I ignored vocational education, and there was a world of difference between the two.
Basic education is a dozen or so courses of mathematics, physics and chemistry, who learn the same, while vocational education is facing 360 lines, which is the real "teaching according to aptitude". Basic education is Maotanchang Middle School, which is the Renmin University Affiliated Middle School, while vocational education is Lanxiang Technical School, which is the New Oriental Cooking School, which is also known as the "Technical School".
Basic education is test-oriented education, doing questions to determine victory or defeat, while vocational education is stir-frying, welding, writing code, industrial design, digital simulation, e-commerce operation, design and creation, all in order to be able to get started. Exam-oriented education should be divided into three, six, nine, etc., and one more point to kill a thousand people, which forces out of the school district housing, spelling daddy, and vocational education is a line out of the line, homogenization competition is less.
The most important thing, basic education, is "a test set for life", especially the college entrance examination, and vocational education, is exactly cracked "one test set for life", as long as you still have interest, you can continue to learn, until you learn, you can find a new job.
Basic education is aimed at young people, while vocational education is to serve everyone, as long as you want to learn, 80 years old is not too late, is lifelong learning.
In the previous period, the state stopped private schools from investing in basic test-taking education, but in fact, another door was greatly opened, that is, to encourage vocational education, which is promising.
Because basic education is a test-oriented education, to take the test, there must be an outline, there is a scope, and the examination is selected within a range, so it will be inward, and everyone is the opponent of everyone.
But vocational education has no outline, because it faces 360 lines, to solve the endless new problems in real life, so it is pragmatic and effective. Therefore, vocational education must be market-oriented, and private schools should do a hundred flowers of competition.
The core of vocational education is to open a door that will never be closed in addition to the cruel "one test for life", so that everyone at the bottom can have hope and everyone can get a ticket for national transportation.
Don't give up, don't give up.
Another speaker of the "Boiling Ceremony", Wang Miao, the "porcelain doll" of Luyi County, Henan, after 90, since childhood, there are osteogenesis imperfections, fractures hundreds of times, in 2020 began to learn to weave in the "Tencent Classroom", and then sold their own knitting work, made a lot of money, no longer a "burden" at home, and then recorded their own knitting courses to help more rural youth learn to weave, many of them left-behind mothers, as well as cerebral palsy patients, and now Wang Miao is a well-known local "rich expert", Inheritor of intangible cultural heritage.
Such people spread all over the country, a small craft, lighting up a dying life.
Vocational education is also important for the big picture. The country wants to break through the hurdle of 10,000 US dollars in GDP, to break through the "card neck", it needs industrial upgrading and innovation, and this needs talents, new occupations, new jobs continue to emerge, and new talents are needed.
Another speaker, 38-year-old mother who suffered a "career crisis", Choi Woo-hyun.
After graduating from college, he changed jobs three times, from Japanese to finance to IT software support, and then had children and became a full-time mom for two years. In 2019, she re-applied for a job and failed many times, because she could not answer the interviewer's questions about the technical aspects, such as SAP, servers, and so on.
Cui Feels the disconnect between knowledge and the times, the software industry is declining, and the future will either shift overseas or turn to the industrial Internet, with stronger technical attributes. Then he began to teach himself in the "Tencent Classroom", taking the children in the morning and learning until 8:30 pm after lunch. Seven months later, he was offered a position at a hardware manufacturer in Dalian.
Cui Junyun finally said: "The biggest realization after re-taking up my post is that there is no lifelong career, only lifelong learning."
This is an era of academic inflation, more and more people with higher education, and the degrees obtained in the past are becoming more and more devalued. Recently, I saw a copy of a new teacher from a middle school in Shenzhen circulating on the Internet, all of whom were doctors from Tsinghua Peking University, and there were no other schools and other degrees. For the midlife crisis that has not yet arrived, the new middle class has taken the lead in anxiety. Afraid of being eliminated by the times, work hard.
From the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the knowledge renewal cycle was 30 years, in the 1960s-70s, the general subject knowledge renewal cycle was 5-10 years, and in the 80s-90s, it was shortened to 5 years, and entered the new century, shortened to 2-3 years. The annual depreciation rate of knowledge is 33 to 50 percent.
"The 18-month theorem" is a term mentioned by Chen Lixiang of the Chinese Society for Vocational and Technical Education. 18 months is a sacred number in the IT field, representing the iteration cycle of technology, especially the increase in computing power. In fact, the cruel thing is that this is also a cycle of knowledge and skill iteration, 18 months to update the generation.
However, the stability of the traditional education system is very strong, and the content of teaching often needs to be precipitated for many years. General vocational colleges, the academic system is three to four years, the early development of new courses is generally two years, then the first batch of talents sent to the society with new courses need at least five years, which means that just out of school, knowledge has been "aging".
So there is a new trend, many college students, even famous college students, have not yet graduated and have begun to learn new things in vocational education institutions.
Ding Yi of Zhejiang Deqing County Senior High School and Liu Xiangdong of Chongqing Dazu Middle School both reported three-dimensional game models after the 2021 college entrance examination.
In 2021, a student in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province, whose college entrance examination score exceeded the undergraduate line by 190 points, reported an artificial intelligence Internet of Things course before the college entrance examination results were released. A report by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shows that in the next 5 years, the talent gap in the field of artificial intelligence will exceed 5 million.
Liu Zonglin of Chongqing Eighteen, 676 points in the 2021 college entrance examination, volunteered to be Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), and used the money he saved to apply for the Python full-stack course, "Learn to crawl, program design, etc., you can take orders to make money, pay tuition, self-sufficiency." ”
An exact figure is that in just three weeks after the end of the 2021 college entrance examination, millions of 17-19-year-old students from all over the country poured into "Tencent Classroom", seven times the same period in May, of which about one million were college entrance examination students in the class of 2021.
This is already a tide that cannot be contained, and then look at more data, Tencent Classroom as the largest "online lifelong education platform", equivalent to Taobao of vocational education, as of now, the 130,000 scattered educational institutions are connected with 400 million people, more than 400,000 courses, and 50,000 new courses will be added in 2021, including e-commerce marketing, interest life, language study abroad, design and creation, IT Internet, vocational examination, literary and artistic cultivation and so on.
Before the epidemic, Tencent's classroom users had a cumulative number of visitors of 60 million, and in 2021, the number of visitors doubled to 120 million, and the market size of online learning has increased to 40%. Especially in the third-tier cities and towns where educational resources are lacking, the proportion of users has accounted for 40%.
Now there are often young people on the Internet who choose to "lie flat", complaining that reality has trapped them, I think of our parents and grandfathers, can only struggle to live, who dares to lie flat? In fact, no matter which era, the really poor people will not lie flat, but very tenacious, they only need a "hole" that can break through the ground. This hole is, as long as you can learn.
Learn everywhere, learn everywhere, learn everywhere. These three possibilities have now been realized by the technology platform, and the rest depends on the same, that is, a person's fighting spirit.