Yang Weizhong: Tang Dynasty scholar Li Huasheng died in the year of his death and his family lineage Xinkao

About author:Yang Weizhong (1966-), male, Qianyangren, Shaanxi, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Philosophy of Nanjing University, Doctoral Supervisor, Research Directions: Comparative Study of Chinese Buddhism, History of Buddhism, Confucian Buddhism Philosophy.

Abstract: In the year of Li Hua's birth and death, due to the vague records of the heirlooms, there are many opinions. On May 12, 2019, someone published a part of the recording and rubbing of the "Tang Lihua's Epitaph" on the Internet, so that some of the doubts surrounding the lives of Li Hua and Xiao Yingshi could disappear. In addition, the epitaphs of Li Hua's father Li Xuanji (669-741.12.2) and Li Hua's brother Li Wei have been excavated, and Li Huasheng's death and family lineage have become clearer. The "Tang Lihua Epitaph" clearly records that Li Hua died on the twelfth day of the first month of the ninth year of the Gregorian calendar (26.2.774) at the age of 61, and the year of birth was the second year of the new century (714). Li Hua's original character was Shuwen, and at some point in the year of Tianbao, he changed the word to Shushu. According to the epitaphs of Li Hua and his father and brother, our understanding of Li Hua's family lineage and his family situation will be refined.

Key Words: "Tang Li Hua Epitaph"; Li Huasheng died; Li Xuanji; Li Wei; Xiao Yingshi

In the history of literature and even the ideological history of the Tang Dynasty, Xiao Yingshi and Li Hua were called "Xiao Li", and the two were friends and similar in age, and their relationship was extraordinary. The literary circles have always defined Li Hua's status as "Li Xiao Guwen Group". Unfortunately, the academic community was unable to reach an agreement on Li Hua's birth and death years, and the author was once difficult to decide. Suddenly, on May 12, 2019, someone peddled rubbings on confucius website, claiming that there was a set of four well-preserved epitaphs related to Li Hua, and then a webpage published the transcript and part of the rubbings of "Tang Lihua's Epitaph". The author was pleasantly surprised to read the inscription and found that some of the doubts surrounding the lives of Li Hua and Xiao Yingshi could be dissipated, so he wrote this article to report to the academic community.

First, the origin of the problem

The year of Li Hua's birth and death, because neither the old and new "Book of Tang" is clearly recorded, has become a suspicious case of public opinion, and many scholars have written articles. Li Hua's birth year mainly has four theories: the first year of Jinglong (708), the second year of Jinglong, the third year of Kaiyuan (715), and the fifth year of Kaiyuan. Li Hua's year of death has three theories: the first year of the Great Calendar (766), the fifth year of the Great Calendar, and the ninth year of the Great Calendar. Compared with the number of theories, the author earlier thought that Yin Zhongwen proposed that Wang Wanxiang and Chen Tiemin strengthened the nine years of the calendar. The first sentence of Liang Su's "Sacrifice of Li Yuanwai for the Lonely Ambassador of Changzhou" written in volume 33 of the extant Tang Wenzhi says: "On the day of May of the ninth year of the ninth year of the Gregorian calendar, the Emperor Shan, the Shou Changzhou Thorn History, and the Purple Gold Fish Bag alone, hereby pay homage to the spirit of the three brothers of the former Shangshu official Lang Zhao County, Li Shu' uncle." The text of volume 982 of the Wenyuan Yinghua is: "On the day of May of the first year of the Victorian Calendar, the Emperor Of The Great, the Shou changzhou Thorn History, and the Purple Gold Fish Bag alone, hereby pay homage to the spirit of the third brother of the former Shangshu official Zhao Junjun Li Li." There is a three-character difference between the two, of which the difference between the ninth year of the Gregorian calendar and the first year of the Gregorian calendar is of great significance. Yin Zhongwen proposed, "The shape of the characters 'Yuan' and 'Nine' is similar, and it is easy to mix them up when copied and engraved. The editors of the Wenyuan Yinghua and Quan Tang Wen may have lost sight of the survey, falsely spreading the word "nine" for 'yuan', so that posterity mistakenly believed that Li Hua died in the 'first year of the Great Calendar'. Although Yao Xuan's "Tang Wen zhi" is originally from "Wenyuan Yinghua", it is slightly better than "Wenyuan Yinghua" and "Quan Tang Wen" in terms of alternative choices. Therefore, in "Sacrifice of Li Yuanwai for the Lonely Envoy of Changzhou", the editor correctly handled the problems of 'Yuan' and 'Nine', avoided the drawbacks of Lu Yuhai, thus preserving the original appearance of Liang Wen and creating conditions for future generations to study the problem of Li Hua's death. Xie Li, especially Chen Tiemin's writings, prove in detail that Li Hua not only continued to write in the first year of the Gregorian calendar, but also had several articles surviving five years later, especially the Book of the Second Child with His Grandson Cui, which was composed by Li Hua in the twenty-third year (735) of the 23rd year (735) and the second nearly forty years of age, and was composed in the sixth to eighth years of the Gregorian calendar. From this, it can be determined that Li Hua died in the ninth year of the Gregorian calendar.

At present, the epitaphs of Li Hua's father Li Xuanji (669-741.12.2), Li Hua's brother Li Wei, and Li Hua himself have been excavated, and the doubts in this are clearly solvable. The Epitaph and Preface of li fujun ,hereinafter referred to as "Tang Li Hua's Epitaph" (hereinafter referred to as "Tang Li Hua's Epitaph"), which is "Inspector of the Inspection And School Warehouse Clerk Wai lang and attendant YuShi Liu Shu", clearly records Li Hua's family lineage and his birth and death years, while the "Tomb of Li Fujun of Anyi County, Puzhou, Tang Dynasty" (hereinafter referred to as "Tang Li Xuanji's Epitaph") signed "Lanling Xiao Yingshi Xu and Tianshui Zhao Hua Ming" records Li Hua's father's deeds, which is extremely precious. The newly unearthed "Tombstone of Li Gong of The Imperial Household of Tang Dynasty" (hereinafter referred to as the "Tombstone of Tang Li" )) is the epitaph of Li Yuan, the fifth son of The Void Self.

2. Liu Kui, author of the Tombstone of Tang Lihua

The Epitaph and Preface of the Tang Dynasty Official's Outer Lang Li Fujun is signed with the "Inspector Cangbu Wai Lang and Attendant Yushi Liu Shu Shu", and there is a self-designation of "Liu Yongyi" in the text. Liu Qi, Old Book of Tang, volume 153, has the Biography of Liu Qi.

Liu Yi (725-784), also known as Yongyi, was a native of Guangping, Puzhou. "In Tianbao, raise a soldier, search for Ding's father, and mourn to be filial piety." Both the final system, from the transfer of Cao. "After" to make up for the county lieutenant, changed to the lieutenant of the guild. Xuanzhou observed Yin Ri as a judge, and Xuanwei made Li Jiqing a judge, and even appointed Dali to comment on the affairs and supervise the imperial history. The transfer made Liu Yan order to patrol Jiangxi, and many were spared. Changed the imperial history in the temple, inspected the barn staff outside, minbu langzhong, and filled the Zhejiang Xiliu hou. In the twelfth year of the Gregorian calendar (777), Liu Yi returned to the imperial court and became a disciple of wailang. Liu Yi was loyal in the Jingyuan Mutiny. In the fourth year of Jianzhong (783), "Jingshi rebelled and was fortunate to be blessed with Fengtian." It is the sickness that lies in the private, and the thief who sends the messenger to seduce it with a sweet word, which is called the disease. He also caused his pseudo-prime minister Jiang Zhen to come and seduce him, but he was sick and burned all over his body. When the town came again, he knew that he could not be threatened, but sighed: "The town also tasted Cao Lang, and Gou could not die, so that Si, rather than humiliate himself, would rather insult himself and want to defile the sages?" 'Retreat. And Wen Yu drove again fortunately liangzhou, but threw himself into bed, fought to the heavens, because it was a danger, hunger strike for several days and died, at the age of sixty. Emperor Dezong returned to Beijing, wen Naizhi was loyal to the martyrs, and posthumously presented the Ministry of Rites Shangshu. The Old Book of Tang, vol. 12, "Dezong Benjishang" records that on October 3, 783.11.2, the fourth year of Jianzhong, "the Jingyuan army left the capital, went to Xunshui, and rebelled against him", and Emperor Dezong fled in a hurry. In February of the first year of the Xingyuan Dynasty (21 March 784), Emperor Dezong "drove to Liang Prefecture, left Dai Xiuyan to guard Fengtian, and took Qi Ying as an envoy along the road". By March 1 (3.26), Emperor Dezong reached Liang Prefecture (梁州, in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi). After Emperor Dezong left Guanzhong and went to Liang Prefecture, Liu Qi felt desperate and unwilling to surrender to the thief and committed suicide and martyrdom.

When Liu Yi served as a servant in the palace, a member of the inspection and school warehouse department, and a member of the Minbu Langzhong and filled the Zhejiang Xiliu, the Zhejiang Western Province observed the seat of the envoy in Suzhou. According to the "Tombstone of Tang Lihua", Li Hua died in the official residence of his younger brother Li Wei. Li Weishi served in Dantu (丹徒, in present-day Dantu District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), which shows that Li Hua lived in his brother's Dantu in his later years. Dantu belonged to Runzhou, which was then under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang West Province. After the death of his brother, Li Mo and Li Hua's son Li Lamb asked Liu To write an epitaph for Li Hua, which was appropriate. Liu Yi wrote: "Sorrow, Dan Tu Ti Ya. Its lonely lamb is pure, the land of filial piety, the blood of Europe is howling, mourning in Yongyi, Chi Ling will go, and the literary friends are far away. With the Yongyi word simple, and close to the inscription, between the Various Immortals, twisting the humiliation of the Text. Liu Yi also expressed his condolences for Li Hua in the text: "Liu Yongyi heard that the heavens are mourning the Yuan Guiye, and I have no public opinion for good." The "tomb words" written by Liu Yi are: "The public birth is not born, the world is falling, the clouds are chaotic, and the summer is cold and the sun is green." Tianzi Xi Hunt, Hundred Officials Xiao Zero, Worried Uncle, Gang Luo is a baby. The knotted guests are mournful, the cracks are sincere, and although the traces are muddy, the deeds are real and clear. The dynasty is Changyi, the wings are resigned, the clouds are without a base, and the young soldier is in the shape. The four great families, the divine Xiang Babin, the first Lin Gong, who destroys who is born. Come to meet the luck of the time, go with the flow, virtue is not lost, forever make the journey. ”

3. Li Huasheng's death year and characters

Regarding the year of Li Hua's birth and death, the Tang Li Hua Epitaph clearly records: "Commission and waiting to be exhausted, Ji DiWei, suitable for Zai Dan disciple." Gong Ye lived in the official house, the Spring and Autumn Sixty had one, with the ninth year of the Great Calendar Qinglong Jia Yin ZhengYue Xinhai, and finally went to bed. This means that Li Hua spent his last time in the official residence of his brother Li Wei Danyang, and eventually died in the official residence at the age of sixty-one. It can be seen that Li Hua's birth year was the second year of the new century (714), and he died on the twelfth day of the first month of the ninth year of the Gregorian calendar (774.2.26). The "Tombstone of Tang Lihua" says: "It is the Moon Ding 卯, which is set for Zhu Fang, and the Northern Plains Suye." It is said that the saints will not be heard of, but there will be those who are destined to live, the alcohol of the public treasure yuanjing, the elegance of virtue and yihao, the right way of words, and the commission of supplements to the dynasty. On the twenty-eighth day of the first lunar month (March 14, 774), Li Hua was buried in Luoyang Longmen Beiyuan. According to the "Zanhuang County Chronicle", there is a tomb of Li Hua in Baojiatan Village, and there were tombstones in the early years, which no longer exist. It seems that Li Hua's descendants have buried Li Hua's remains in their hometown.

Regarding Li Hua's characters, the Old Book of Tang, volume 190, "Biography of Li Hua", records: "Li Hua, the character uncle. The New Book of Tang, vol. 203, "Biography of Li Hua" records: "Li Hua, the character Uncle. Du Lonely and the "Inspector Of the Shangshu Officials Wailang Zhao County Li Gongzhong Collection Sequence" also say "Hua Zi Shu Shu". "Tombstone of Tang Lihua": "Tang officials wailang Li Gong, Zhao Junzan Huangren, Zhen Hua, Zi Li Uncle." "All four are consistent. However, the "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" records: "Fujun Zhongzihua, the word Shuwen. This means that Li Hua is the middle son of Li Xuanji, the word Shuwen. The "Tomb of Tang Li Xuji" records that Li Hua's father, Li Xuanji, returned to the truth at the "twenty-ninth year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty when the great desolation fell beyond the 20th day of the Tenth Month of Pengyin Shuo Ding You, and donated his private museum to the east of the DingMen, and died in his seventies." Li Xuanji died on October 20, 741.12.2, 741, at the age of seventy-three in the second year of Emperor Gaozong's reign (669). Li Xuanji's burial place was: "On the nineteenth day of the 19th day of the december of the year of Peng Yinshuo, he was buried in the northern plains of Longmen, Henan." It can be concluded that Li Hua's original character was Shuwen, and at some point in the year of Tianbao, he changed the word to Shushu.

Fourth, Li Hua's family lineage

Li Hua's family is prominent, and it is a branch of the Li clan of Zhao County. There have been many studies on the genealogy of the Li clan of Zhao County, including Li Hua, and the newly discovered inscriptions still have the function of replenishing and correcting errors.

Xiao Yingshixu and Tianshui Zhao Huaming's "Tomb of Tang Li Xuji" records that Li Hua's family lineage said: "In the past, Han Xin respected the master, and Guangwu hung his victory or defeat; and Qu was proud of his courtesy, and Gao Ping subdued his rebellion." Moving luo and qi and alliance, wading through the river and huanglong with poles. The so-called "Guangwu" was Li Zuoche, a minister of the Zhao state during the Chu-Han war, and was the common ancestor of the Various Houses of the Li clan of Zhao County, and was the grandson of Li Mu. Li Mu's grandfather was Li Tan of Qin Situ, and Li Mu's father, Li Jie, was The Prince of Qin. Li Mu "for Zhao Xiang, Feng Wu Anjun, originally lived in Zhao County". Volume 33 of the Northern History records that "the Li clan of Zhao County, from the Zhao general Wu'an Junmu. When Chu and Han were in power, Guangwu Junzuo Che was his first. Zuo Che XIV Sun Hui, Zi Zhongxing, Han Huan, Lingjian, Noble Bushi, Number Dao Doctor. Hui Sheng Ding, Zi Wen Yi, Shi Wei, Bit Yuyang Taishou. There are four sons and four sons, and Shi Jin. Pingzi BoKuo, for Leping Taishou; Ji Zi Zhongkuo, Dr. Guozi; Hidden Character Shu Kuo, Bao Zi Ji Kuo, Bit and Shang Shu Lang. The brothers are all famous for their Confucianism, which is sometimes called the Four Brackets. "Li Kai, son of Li Ji," the character Xiongfang, a scholar who served the imperial history, and whose home was in pingzhinan. There are five men, Ji, Huang, Jin, and Rui. Ji Zi Hu Zong, Huang Zi Zhonghuang, Zi Ji Huang, Jin Zi Shao Huang, Yong Zi Young Yellow, and Yu Shu Mei, for the world, the so-called four yellows are also". Li Huang (李晃) was the head of Zhennan Province, and his son Li Yi (李義). Yi Nan migrated to the old fortress, and the world called the Southern Ancestor". Li Kai's fifth son, Li Rui (李叡), served as The Taishou of Gaoping, and Li Rui had two sons, Xun (勖) and Chong (勖) and Chong (勖). Li Jin served as a scholar and had four sons, Sheng, Min, Long, and Xi. Li Xun "Brothers live in the east of the lane, and sheng brothers live in the west of the lane." The world refers to its dwelling place, for it is the purpose of the eye." The New Book of Tang adds something to the Northern History, "Ji and Di Huang are collectively called Nanzu". Li Rui → Li Xun as Dongzu, and Li Hua as a branch of Dongzu Li.

Volume 17 of the Yuanhe County Atlas records that "the old residence of the Li clan in Zhao County, Zhao County, is twenty miles southwest of the county. That is, the old clans of Shandong since the Later Han and Wei Dynasties, also known as the 'Three Lanes Li Family', the east of Yundong Ancestral Residence Lane, the south of South Ancestral Residence Lane, and the west of West Ancestral Residence Lane. He also scrolled Zanhuang County of Zhao Prefecture (present-day Zanhuang, Hebei): "Bailinggang, in the east of the county. That is, the zhao county Li clan's other business is also in this Gangxiaye. There are also many Lee clan families on Oka. The newly unearthed "Tombstone of Tang Li Xuanji" clearly records: "The emperor of the government is secretive of himself, the words are the same, and the Zhao County praises the emperor also." Obviously, Emperor Zan is also a place of residence for the Li clan of Zhao County. Li Hua said in "Sending Guan Guan to Wu Zhong": "In the past, the three brothers of Lanling Fujun, Pingzhi Gong, and Bai Ren Yigong had the same name in the world. Julu, Mu Ye of Lanling, So Empress Xiaogong of Yangzhou, Father of Guan Zhishi, Gao Ping, Concubine of Ping Thorn, Wu Houzhi; Xuancheng Wen ZhaoGong, Heir of Bo Ren, So Zhongcheng Suzhou Houzhi. "Shi Zai, Li Xun" was born Zhao Juntai Shouyi, the character Yanzu. Yi ShengXun, Lineage, Zeng". The "Lanling Fujun" in Li Huawen is Lanling Taishou Li Xun, the "Ping Thorn Gong" is the Later Wei Ping Thorn Ling Li lineage, and the "Bairen Yi Gong" is Li Zeng, all three of whom are great-grandsons of Dongzu Li Rui. From this, it can be seen that Li Hua is a descendant of the "Li family" of the Eastern Ancestral House. Li Xun's clan entered the Tang Dynasty from the generation of his seventh grandson Li Zhiben, with Li Guan as his descendant; the li clan entered the Tang Dynasty from his seventh grandson Li Dezhang, and Li Hua was his descendant; and the li clan entered the Tang Dynasty from the generation of his sixth grandson Li Jieheng, with Li Dan as his descendant. Li Hua's "Sending Guan Guan to Wu Zhongxu" and the "Gao Ping" mentioned in his father's "Epitaph" are Gao Ping Xuangong Li Shun.

Book 33 of the Northern History records that Li Shun's father was li shi. "Paternal lineage, Murong Chuishan riding a waiter, Dongwu City Order." Dao Wu fixed zhongyuan, thinking that it was a flat thorn order. 卒, given to Zhao Juntaishou and Ping Thorn Man". Li Shun, the word Dezheng. "Shunbo is involved in the history of the classics and has a plan. Shen Ruizhong, Dr. Bai Zhongshu, Transfer Zhongshu Waiter. From the conquest of the creep, to the strategy, to the knighthood of the flat thorn". He was later killed by Emperor Taiwu. "Emperor Xingchu, Shunzi Shi and other noble favors, posthumously presented Shun Shizhong, Zhenxi Grand General, Taiwei Gong, Gaoping Wang, and Yu Yue Xuanwang. His wife, Concubine Xing, was a filial concubine. Shun Si Zi". Li Shunzhi's eldest son, Li Shi (李敷), was a Chinese poet. "Shi di style, character scenery, academic well-known." He was the Marquis of Puyang in the Western Prefecture of Yanzhou. If you think that your family is in charge of power, and if you are worried about danger, you will always be a jin official, and if you have an emissary in Taiwan, you must first enlighten and then deal with it. And let the people die, and the beginning of Yunnan, the economy, the sudden entry into the capital, and the death of the brother." Li Shi, the son of Li Shun the Prince of Gaoping, was the Marquis of Puyang.

According to other surviving documents, the newly unearthed "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" said that "to Puyang Wenhou, Xi Lisheng Suizhou Governor Xiaowei", somehow, separated a generation of Li Xian. Volume 33 of the Northern History records that Li Shi had a son, Li Xian (470-527). Li Xian, the character Zhongluo, "pure and good manners, good at learning and instrumentality." At the beginning of Taihe, he attacked the knight and was demoted to bo. Worship the secretary Insan, Ya for filial piety to know the reward. Later, Zhao Jun's taishou. Zhao Xiu and his state, Xiu returned to bury his parents also, pastoral and fearful traces, xian is not bent, and the people are high. Later, gao zhao was attached to the party and impeached by yushi. Zhengguang five years, the history of yongzhou assassination, the removal of the seven soldiers Shangshu. Xiao Changzhong, except for the general Zhengdong, the Yangzhou Assassin, and the Governor of Huainan. And Liang Pingbei's general Yuan Shu and others came to Kou, and the xian force fell. For the sake of returning to the country. That is, the edict of the court lieutenant. Xian's son-in-law, King Jian of An Le, rebelled against XiangZhou, and Empress Ling said that Jian was suspicious and threatened, so she ordered Xian to die. Yong Xizhong, Zhiyi Tongsansi, Shang Shuling, Dingzhou Assassin History, Yu Yue Wenjing". At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the tomb of Li Xian and his family cemetery in Yangzhou, Northern Wei, were found in DuanCun, Zhao County, and a collection of Li Xian's epitaphs (now stored in the Zhao County Cultural Relics Depository) was excavated. Among them, the "Wei Dynasty Envoy Zhijie, Shizhong, DuDu Ding ji Xiang Yin four states military, hussar general, Dingzhou Assassin History, Shang Shu Ling, Yi Tong Sansi Wenjing Li Cemetery Inscription" describes his life and deeds in detail in the main history, can be seen. The Epitaph states that Xian had five sons, namely Li Xiyuan (?) —？ ), Li Xizong (501-540), Li Xiren, Li Jian (508-549.6.6), Li Xili (511-556.9.11). In 1976, five tombs of Li were found in Nanxingguo Village, Zanhuang County, and a large number of important cultural relics were unearthed. The five tombs from west to east are the first place for the joint burial of Li Xian's second son, Li Xizong of Eastern Wei Sikong, and his wife Cui Shi; Li Xian's third son, Li Xian's third son, Li Xiren, who sacrificed wine and gave the yellow door attendant Li Xiren; Li Xian's fourth son, Li Qian, the yellow door attendant of Eastern Wei, ranked third; Li Xian's fifth son, Li Xili of Northern Qi Yingzhou, ranked fourth; and the northern row was the tomb of Li Xian, a general of the Northern Wei Horse Riding And Dingzhou Thorn Shi. According to the "Li Xian Epitaph", Li Xian's eldest son, Li Xiyuan, was the chief of the state, died early, his wife Guangping Song clan, and the official Shangshu Song Ben's daughter. Li Xiyuan had the eldest son, Li Zumu (511–569.6.4), whose epitaph , The Epitaph of Li Jun , the Assassin of Zhao Zhou , was unearthed in 1975. Li Hua's ancestor Li Xili (511–556.9.11), zijingjie, "sex is thick, cardinal tolerance, and obedience." The starting book Saburō, the repair of the living notes. Successive taichang shaoqing, concurrently ting wei shaoqing, xing wei yinshi, Yuzhou assassin history. Still living in Cao, he agreed with Xing Shao and others on the rules of etiquette. Died in shinshu assassination history". "General of the Qi Army, DaHongxu, yingzhou assassin Li Gongming": "With the seventh season of Tianbao on August 22 (556.9.11), Xue Yu in the mansion, the season forty-six. It can be seen from this that the "Epitaph of Tang Li Xuanji" is not clearly expressed, or the words about "Li Xian" are left when the text is written.

Regarding Li Xili's descendants, the Epitaph of Li Jun of the Assassination History of Zhao Prefecture of the Late Great Hongqing Records: "The eldest son, Xiao Zhen , the character Yuancao , joined the military of Situ Fu , and married the official Shangshu Boling Cui Ang. The second son, Xiao Ji (孝基), courtesy name Zhongzhi (仲菏), joined the military of Yi Tongkai Province. The second son, Xiao Yi, is a different character. The second son, Xiao Wei, the word Ji Zhong. The second son, Xiao Ping, is a young man. The eldest daughter is Yuan Shu. The second female character is full of phases, suitable for Qinghe Cui, the word Gonghua. The second female character Bao Miao, the second female character Bao Yi, the second female character Chu Rong. "This is somewhat different from what is recorded in other literature.

Li Hua was so proud of his origins that he said in the preface to the Eight Songs of the Eight Songs of the Boundless Song: "The subject is from the great-grandfather to the subject, and prepares the state staff." In the "Tomb of Tang Lihua" written by Liu Qi, it is narrated: "Tall father Xiaowei, Sui Shangshu Zuo Cheng." Great Father Tai Chong, I am the ancestral department LangZhong. The eldest father was heirloom and joined the army in the same state. Xiankao False Self, Puzhou Anyi County Order. The world is rich and abundant, and there is a legacy of dry wood. Gong was the third son of An YiFu Jun. "Li Hua's ancestor is Li Xiaowei (?) —？ ）。 Volume 33 of the "History of the North" records: "Filial piety, the character Ji Zhong, involved in learning and instrumental stems, among the brothers, the most Dun Du." A lieutenant joined the army and repaired the living notes. Shi Sui, Ceremonial Attendant, Dali Shaoqing. "Tang Li Xuanji's Epitaph": "Xi Lisheng Suizhou's general manager Xiao Wei, the crown pushed the prosperity of yi, and the in-laws were good at the beauty of Shandong." This chronicle complements Xiao Wei's position in the literature that is not found in the literature of the world, the governor of Suizhou. According to the "Tomb of Li Hua", it can be seen that Xiao Wei was once the left servant of the Sui Shangshu. The "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" also says: "Suizhou gave birth to my ancestral department Lang Zhongtaichong, the ancestral department was born in the same prefecture Sihu to join the army and heir, the first dynasty on the surname, known as Taichong no brother, the crown of Zhao Li, difficult to its ancient also." "Li Hua's great-grandfather was Li Taichong, and his grandfather was Li Siye.

Li Taichong, the year of birth and death is unknown, and the two "Books of Tang" are not listed in biographies. The new and old "Biography of Li Zhiben" recounts Li Zhiben's father Xiaoduan and Taichong. The old Book of Tang says: "In the beginning, Xiaoduan and his brother Taichong had worldly valves, while Taichong's officials and eunuchs were the highest, and Filial Piety was inferior. The words of the villagers are: 'Taichong has no brother, filial piety has no brother'". The New Book of Tang and the Biography of Li Zhiben deleted the sentence "Filial piety is inferior". The New Book of Tang, vol. 203, "Biography of Li Hua", also mentions that Li Hua "great-grandfather Taichong, a famous clan, said in the language of the townspeople: 'Taichong has no brothers. 'During the time of Emperor Taizong, he was promoted to the rank of Langzhong (郎中). In Zhenguan (627-649), Tai chong served as the head of the ancestral chamber. Xiao Yingshi's "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" has an article: "Those who discussed surnames in the first dynasty are known as 'Taichong no brothers'. The crown of Zhao Li is difficult to be right. This is also a subtle difference from what the two Book of Tang say. The text written by Xiao Yingshi is more explicit, that is to say, when discussing clans in the early Tang Dynasty, Li Taichong, whether it is an official position or a marriage gate, is unparalleled among the Li clan of Zhao County. The "filial piety without brother" in the two "Books of Tang" is probably a whitewash. Regarding Li Taichong, that's all I know so far.

About Li Hua's grandfather Li Siye (?) –688), there are few historical records. Careful examination from a number of sources shows that Li Siye has at least two sons and three daughters. According to the Genealogy Table in book 72 of the New Book of Tang, he had two sons, namely, False Self and Forgiveness. Humble self, "An Yi Ling"; "Forgive yourself, dian shi lang", it can be seen that shu ji once served in the imperial court as a dian shi lang. Li Hua wrote the "Book of the Second Child with his grandson Cui Shi": "I arrested Pei Shi, Zheng Shi, Cui Shi Zhugu, and Yu Clan Tanggu, all of whom were wise and wise, and were teachers inside and outside, intending to talk to Ru. Pei's aunt was kind, saw me a good, and did not hesitate to wish me to be established. See Wu Bozhong's book title, the omission of responsibilities, words and old things, yun has no such example; Wu Bozhong's book title is more than today's Chinese and foreign book titles, and the density is equivalent to a hundred and ten. When I was a child, I was a young governor of Judah, and I was humbled at two o'clock every day, living and walking with dignity, serving food at three o'clock, drinking good food and then daring to eat. The "Pei, Zheng, and Cui sisters" mentioned in the text should be the surname of the husband's family after marriage. It can be seen that Li Siye has two sons and three daughters.

Regarding Li Siye's official position, the newly published "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" is consistent with the "New Book of Tang", and all of them are in Tongzhou (present-day Dali County, Shaanxi) Si Gong joined the army. The "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" also provides new materials: "The Langye King's Bozhou is also a table of invasion of Yang, and the Lügan Dynasty of the King of Shu. After the martial saints, the first discussion was to take advantage of the embrace, and the king of Yue Jing would correct the rules. According to the history books, this passage is about the involvement of the Li family of Zhao County in the rebellion of the King of Langya and the King of Yue. In the fourth year of the arch (688), Wu Zetian claimed that the heart of the emperor became more and more prominent, and Li Chong, the king of Langya, plotted to rebel. In the fourth year of the arch, "In August 688.9.16), the Bozhou Assassin Shi and the Lang Evil King Chong raised an army in Bozhou, and ordered the general Qiu Shenxun of Zuo Jinwu to be the commander-in-chief of the march. Gengzhi (9.24), Chong's father Yuzhou Assassin Shi and Yue Wangzhen raised troops in Yuzhou, corresponding to Chong. In September, He ordered Shi Cen Changqian, Fengge Waiter Zhang Guangfu, and Zuo Jianmen General Ju Chongyu to lead an army to discuss it. Bing Yin (10.10), Cho Zhen and Chong, etc., passed on the head of the shendu, changed his surname to Yu shi. Qu Pardon Bo State. Han Wang Yuanjia, Lu Wang Lingkui, Yuan Jiazi Huang Guo Gong Zhen, Ling Chu Zi Zuo Shan Riding Chang Shi Fan Yang Wang Wei, Huo Wang Yuan Rail and Zi Jiang Du Wang Xu, Gu Yu Wang Yuan Feng Zi Dongguan Gong Rong sat and conspired with Zhen, Yuan Jia and Ling Kui committed suicide, Yuan Rail was accompanied by Qianzhou, Zhen and other Fu Jie, changed their surname to Yu Shi. Since the kings of the clan have condemned the dead one after another, they will be exhausted. His descendants were young and sent to the outside of the Mountains, and they cursed hundreds of pro-party families." The "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" says: "Fujun joined the army for Bobu from his father Kundi, and the guests who were dragged on the top of the curtain accompanied by the praises of the curtain, the master of Gaixiang was not vibrant, and the clan of Zhai Yi would be annihilated." This sentence in the "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" says that Li Siye joined the army from his father Kundi for the langya king's army and participated in the planning. After the defeat, the clan was almost destroyed, and "the Sihufu Junchu released Shonan, and the pawn was victimized by the punishment of the cool officials." Li Siye was exiled to Shonan and was soon tortured to death by ku officials.

The lineage of Li Hua mentioned above is hereby indicated in the most simplified form as follows:

Li Zuoche→ 14th Grandson Li Hui→ Li Ding→ Li Ji→ Li Kai→ Li → Li Xun → Li Yi → Li → Li Shun→ Li Shi → Li Xian (470-527) → Li Xili (511-556.9.11) → Li Xiaowei (?) —？ → Li Taichong (?) —？ → Li Siye (?) —688) → Li Xuanji (669—741.12.2)→ Li Hua (714-774.2.26)

5. Li Hua's father, Li Xuanji, and his mother

It is inferred from the newly unearthed "Tomb of Tang Li Xuji" that when his father was killed, he was nineteen years old. The false self is the concubine of the heir, which is the meaning of "the yuan son of the fujun Gaisi household" mentioned in the "Tomb of Tang Li's Virtual Self". Siye's entire family was exiled to Shonan, and his family followed. The "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" says: "Hui Huang Ming made an explanation, The product zhaosu, the lady of the spring and autumn is high, the Sihu Jun Song Is not restored, the BanYu is the road, the Dan Ishu Flying, the Qikuo Taitou River, the words from the Qijia Zhiyi, the Nie Lai Beiye, the Yan Yi Wai clan." Emperor Zhongzong of Tang was reinstated in the first year of Shenlong (705), and Li Zhen, the King of Yue, was rehabilitated. Book 76 of the Old Book of Tang records that "Li Zhen's Biography" records: "Shenlong Chu, Shizhong Jinghui, etc. to Chong father and son wing wearing the royal family, Yi Cun Sheji, please restore their official titles, Wu Sansi ordered Zhaorong Shangguan clan to be disallowed by Emperor Zhongzong." In the fourth year of the new century (716), the edict posthumously restored the lord's land and ordered The preparation ceremony to be reburied. "If the second year of the Divine Dragon (706) is the time when Li Xuanji was buried in a coffin, he was only seventeen years old at this time. The "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" says: "The weak age of The Root Of Qi, still working hard; Wei Yangyuan's great talent, Fang Period House Phase." "Bing Yuan, the root of the word." The original eleven lost his father, the family was poor, and he was orphaned early. Shao and Guan Ning are known as Cao Shang, and the state capital is not in order." Wei Shu (209-290), ziyang yuan. Book of Jin, vol. 41, "Biography of Wei Shu", says that Wei Shu, the character Yang Yuan, "Is a young orphan, raised by the Ning clan of the foreign family." Ning Clan house, Xiang House Person Yun: 'Be a noble nephew'. The grandfather was small and wise as the nephew of the Wei clan, which means to be. Shu Yue: 'When the foreign clan becomes this house.' 'Kuno Nobita'. The Western Jin Dynasty was taikangchu, and the right servant shot. Xiao Yingshi used two allusions to praise the humble self who supported his family in the land of Shonan with his young and weak body, and the real restoration of his home was after the age of thirty-six or seven. Shi Zai, Wei Yuanyang "more than forty years old, county planning to check filial piety. The sectarian party has no academic skills, and if the persuasion is not fulfilled, it can be a high ear. Shu Yue: "If you try and don't win, its fault is mine, and Anke will not be proud of his loftiness!" So I taught myself. One hundred days of practice, so the countermeasures are promoted. In addition to the head of the pond, Qianjun Yiling was admitted as Shang Shulang. The phrase "from The Yi of Qi Jia, The Other Karma of Nie Lai, and the Wai Clan of Yan Yi" implies that the rebuilt homeland was in YeCheng. This is in line with Li Hua's record of receiving his old mother in Yecheng during the Anshi Rebellion.

Xiao Yingshi's "Tombstone of Tang Li's False Self" does not clearly record the time of the stele's appearance, but only says that "with the orphan brother and the virgin sister, he waited for the face, and even returned to the marriage, and asked for a reckoning." The first sentence of the quotation should be about filial piety to his mother. From the text, it can be seen that he has at least one brother and one sister. His brother was Li Shuji, who was mistakenly recorded in the New Book of Tang as Li Hua's father. The second sentence of the quotation says that before he was married, he planned to choose a date to take the exam. If this understanding is correct, it can be seen that He was not married in the place of his father's exile in Shonan Province. It is also understandable that the high gate of the Li clan of Zhao County is unwilling to be low, and other high gate clans naturally avoid it. The concubines and the second son were all women of the Gaomen Lu clan.

Li Hua's mother, "Tang Li Xuanji Epitaph" did not write much, only "even in marriage and return" four words. Li Hua wrote a biography of Lady Li, which is devoted to her maternal grandmother Li Shi (664-713). The "Biography of Lady Li" says: "Lady Zhao Jun, Li Shi, Zhen Mou, Zi X, Number Hui Ri." Since later Wei Yifeng Yi Gongxuan, seven generations to the Ming Dynasty Junyuanfu. ...... In the thirteenth year, it was attributed to the Guixiang Fanyang Lu Gongshan Temple. Lady Gu Cui, who treats her children and wives very strictly, is old and ill, and has been raised by her wife since she is a wife, and her body is harmonious. The lady looks at the lady and loves the son as well; the lady serves the aunt and is kind and kind. ...... Lu Gong joined the army for the judiciary of Tangzhou, and his wife followed the official. ...... At the end of the first year of the new century (713), the Spring and Autumn Period was fifty. Childless, with a woman. Filial piety and kindness, such as the virtue of a lady, belonged to Li Gong of Zhao County. Li Hua's "Letter to Cousin Lu Fu" also said: "On August 8, the brother Li Hua respected the fifteenth brother of Jane Lu. "It can be seen that Li Hua's mother is a member of the Wang clan surnamed Lu. This "Lady Li" married into the Lu family at the age of thirteen and had a daughter married to herself. As for the time when Li Hua's mother married Li Huanji, the deduction is slightly complicated and cannot be known for sure.

The year of Li Hua's mother's death is not recorded in history. Li Hua's "Tribute to the Dead Friend Yangzhou Xiao Gong Cao Gong Wen" begins: "On February 10 of the third year of the Wei Qianyuan Dynasty (760.3.1), li Hua, the orphan son of Zhao County, paid homage to the spirit of Xiao Gong of the Former Yangzhou Gong Cao Lan Ling. Li Hua's father has long since died, and from the self-designation of the "orphan son", it can be seen that Li Hua's mother has died at this time. And in the "Tribute to Liu Commentary on Brother Wen", it is said: "Wei Qianyuan's second year of age, The third day of The Sixth Month of The Sixth Month of Yi Weishuo Ding You (759.7.1), Zhao Jun's Li Hua sacrificed to the spirit of Liu San's brother. Later, he said: "Last year, in the winter of the year, I will make the envoy ,...... Holding wine and rejoicing, worrying and releasing. Referring to the two texts, it can be inferred that Li Mu died between July of the second year of Qianyuan and the first month of the third year of Qianyuan. In addition, Li Hua's "Preface to the Poetry of Mica Spring" Yun: "In the Upper Yuan, ju feng zhao wei. At this time, Li Hua should have been bereaved, and the shangyuan year number (760-761) began in April of the leap year of Gengzi and ended in August of the year of Xinugu. After more than two years of mourning (around 25 months), it can be deduced that his mother died in July of the second year of Qianyuan.

Regarding the eunuch experience of the stele owner, the "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" is only one sentence: "The family is ming jing Gaodi, the successive Chen Prefecture Si Bing and Pu Zhou Si Hu joined the army, Yu Qian, An Yi Two County Order." "The void self entered the career path with the "Ming Jing" and the first, and the specific age is not examined. He served as a sibing (陳州, in present-day Huaiyang District, Zhoukou City, Henan), a sihu commander in Puzhou (濮州, in present-day Juancheng, Shandong Province, Fan County, Henan Province, and southern Puyang City), and a county commander in Yu Qian (in present-day Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang) and Anyi (in present-day Xia County, Shanxi). From this record, it can be seen that Xuan ji did not enter the dynasty as an official, and as a local official, he traveled to various places in the north and south, and finally ordered Anyi County. The "Tombstone of Tang Li Xuanji" says: "His engagement is also, and he is rebellious to lead the way, and he is forgiven to catch the situation." Wang Dan's opportunity is empty, and the string song of the son is tireless. Wu Customs exchanged their light autumns, and Wei Feng relieved his misfortunes. Reason should be prayed for in the submerged and spiritual rain, Zai'an Yi and Shen Zhi Gonghua, all of which are in the discussion, hanging forever, and ti ti, humble and self-shepherding, such as inadequacy. Before and after zhen yi bang, jun two yi, far away marriage recklessly purchased it. And the middle feed suffered from the disadvantages of hunger and cold, and the camp was widespread, and the work of the end of the season, the use of the courtesy of the Zhou Gong. The nature is deep, and the guilt is accumulated. The heart is overdone, and the first disease is lifelong. The daimyo has high hopes, and it is due to its death. This large passage of the Epitaph uses many allusions in literary style, blends the facts into it, and praises the virtues shown by the self-denial for the country and the family.

Regarding the year of his death, Xiao Yingshi's "Tomb of Tang Li Xuji" wrote: "The twenty-ninth year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty fell beyond the October Pengyin Shuo 220.2 Ding You (741.12.2) at the place of Shun returned to the truth, and donated the private museum outside the Dingmen Gate of the Eastern Capital, at the age of seventy. Yu Drama! Original in filial piety, capital in benevolence, glory and ultimate auspiciousness, all virtue and charity. Although the world is chaotic, the high position is high. If the sages of the ancients, there are Ban Shupi, Chen Zhonggong, and Tao Yuanliang, all of whom are named Chonghai Nei, who are cut down under the throne, or heavenly lords, and the hope of the people. Li Xuanji died outside the Dingmen Gate of the Eastern Capital, which is his private residence.

6. Li Hua's brother, brother and his heirs

Scholars have long pointed out that the sons of self-denial and forgiveness listed in book 72 of the New Book of Tang are wrong. The New Book of Tang bets on the three sons of Xuan Ji, "Wan, Laizhou Cangcao joined the army." Shao, Yanling Order. 苕, Yuezhou Recorder joined the army". In shuji's bet, "Hua, the word Uncle, the official Wailang." The newly unearthed Tombstone of Tang Li Xuji more clearly proves that the records of the New Book of Tang must be revised.

"Tang Li's Epitaph": "Sorrowful Husband! Taste the gentleman's teaching of his sons, give the gifts, make the festival of loyalty and filial piety and love, and teach the poems, so that the way of elegance is known. Fujun Zhongzihua (府君中子华), zi shuwen ,former Xingzhou Nanhe wei. The ultimate of a hundred deeds, the essence of the six righteousnesses. Untitled and named Ji Dengke, and pro and joyful obedience. Hua's brother Yue Wan, Yue Xin; Hua's brother Yue Shao, Yue Wei, Xian Ji Wu Chang, Nie Guang Wanshi's training. The Season Lamb mourns and mourns several deaths. If the Father has it, he will perish. On the nineteenth day of the 19th month of the year of Peng Yinshuo (742.1.30), he was given the right to be in the northern plains of Longmen, Henan, Yiye. "It can be seen that there are five sons of the virtual self, the eldest son Li Wan, the second son Li Xin, Li Huawei's third son, the fourth son Li Shao, and the fifth son Li Yuan. Liu's Epitaph of Tang Lihua clearly records that Li Hua was "the third son of An YiFu Jun", and the epitaph of Li Yuan, the fifth son of Li Xuanji, "Tomb Inscription of Li Gong of Zhao County, Serving In the Tang Ancestral Hall" (hereinafter referred to as "Tang Li Huan Epitaph") has been excavated as early as August 2003.

Li Mo (730–781.12.14), also spelled Ji Mao. The "Tombstone of Tang Liwei" records: "The official marriage figure was the first clan of Shandong for 500 years. Huan in the history of the country, prepared in the family, so not written. Sui Shangshu Zuo Cheng Xiaowei, its Gao Zuye. Emperor Shangshu Ancestral Hall Lang Zhongtaichong, whose great-grandfather also. Tongzhou Sihu joined the army and his eldest father also. Gong was the younger son of Jun Huan of An Yi Province, and the younger brother of Lang Hua of the Shangshu Official. This article says that Li Wei is Li Hua's youngest brother. This article and the "Tomb of Tang Li Xuji" both try their best to praise Li Hua's style, indicating that Li Hua is the most famous in the Li family of Zhao County.

Regarding the experience of Li Weishi's eunuchs, the "Tombstone of Tang Li Wei" narrates: "As for the donation of the museum, the eight lives: for the two counties of Gaizoli, the division of Yizhou, the yi zai tongyi, the yi shan tianfu, the two who practice the constitution, and the three who are envoys. His Lu Miao's offering, Winter Qiu Xia's Xi, Bundle of Wages and Rice, to Support Relatives, to Xu Lonely and Poor. And the state that has been stopped, there is no palace of one acre, the land of one wall, and the Qingye of the ancients. The inscription also says: "The imperial court will be elected by the Immortals to treat the public, not forever, and the use of the matter will be abolished." This is to say that the imperial court was already going to promote him to the imperial court as a lang official, but unfortunately his fate was not good. The "Tombstone of Tang Li Gong" says: "There is Tang Jianzhong Erqi Dragon Collection Xin Youdong Ten There is a moon he died (twenty-fifth day, 781.12.14), and the palace attendant Yushi Li Gong finally luoshi's advice to Shan Li, died at the age of fifty-two. It can be inferred that Li Mo's final official position was to serve the imperial history in the palace. On december 31, 781(12.31), "In the northern plains of the Dragon Gate, Reiya." Dispatching a car to ride, Yao Dian one article, the foundation of the fish, the system of hiding, there is a legacy of thrift. To Bongshin Daifu's Kiyoye also". The "Epitaph of Tang Liwei" highlights his honesty as an official, so the funeral is also simple. Li Wei "Lady Fanyang LuShi, Sheng Men Yide, GuangBei Yu Gong, the pain of the widow, the mourning can be known." There are sons who are thrifty and filial to the virtuous.".

It should be noted in particular that Li Xuanji and Li Yuan's "Epitaphs" reveal two identical problems: First, they both died in Dongdu. The "Tombstone of Tang Li Xuanji" writes that "the private museum was donated outside the Dingmen Gate of the Eastern Capital", and the "Tomb of Tang Li Yuan" records that Li Wei "finally Luo Shizhi persuaded Shan Li". Checking the records of Dongdu Lifang shows that persuasion is located in the third street of Dingmen Street in Dongdu, and the sixth place is from south to north. The reference between the two shows that the private house created by Li Xuji was still living here by Li Yuan's family members. The second is that they are all buried in longmen north plain. The "Tomb of Tang Li Xuanji" records that the virtual self was "in the north of the Longmen in Henan Province" in the north of the South Dragon Gate of the North Yuan"; the "Tomb of Tang Li Yuan" records that Li Wei was "in the north of the Longmen".

Regarding Li Hua's heirs, the New Book of Tang, volume 72, notes under "Hua": "骘. Zhao, Dali commentary. Xie Li's "Examination of Li Hua's Life" has pointed out that Li Hua's eldest son, the name of the lamb, is based on loneliness and the "Preface to the Collection of Li Gongzhong of Zhao County, a member of the Inspection and School Shangshu Official's Department": "The hymns, poems, inscriptions, narratives, chronicles, and praises composed since the supervision of the imperial history have been made, and there are one hundred and forty-three articles. The eldest son of the Duke, Zongxu, compiled into twenty volumes, no. "Zhongji". The newly unearthed "Tombstone of Tang Lihua" records that "the lonely lamb is pure, the land of filial piety, and the blood of Europe howls." Tell Yuan Yu Yongyi, Chi Ling will go, and Wen Yu will be far away. With yongyi words such as "Plain", he asked Liu Yongyi to write an epitaph for his father. According to Li Hua's "Book with his grandson Cui's Second Child", it can be seen that Li Hua had a daughter married to Cui. This article was once an important document for scholars to determine the years of life and death of Li Hua and Xiao Yingshi. In the case of the excavation of the Tomb of Tang Lihua, this article should be reinterpreted. The beginning of the "Book with the Second Child of the Cui Clan" says: "On August 15, Weng told the son of the Cui clan that he had two children: I was born into the Shi and had been in the line for forty years; later, there was a ru mother, who had raised the two of them. This article was written by Li Hua forty years after he joined the army. Li Hua was written shortly before his death in the twenty-third year of the New Century (735) for forty years under the Jin Dynasty, the ninth year of the Zhengda calendar. Mr. Chen Tiemin understands it as follows: "From the twenty-third year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (735) to the ninth year of the Gregorian calendar (774), it is forty years, and this cloud 'walks forty years' as the sixth to eighth years of the Gregorian calendar. Xie Li believes that the Book of the Second Child with His Grandson Cui was written in the ninth year of the Gregorian calendar, "according to the twenty-third year of Hua Kaiyuan and the first, to the ninth year of the Gregorian calendar, a rough forty, so it is called 'xing'". Some scholars have emphasized the time relationship between Li Huasheng's nearly forty years of entry into the army and his daughter of "late you" in order to examine Li Huasheng's year, and under the circumstance that Li Huasheng's death year has been determined, it can be seen that there is no time correspondence between the "forty years of walking" and "late Ru mother" of SuYun in the preceding sentence. The "late existence" mentioned here seems to have some temporal connection with the beginning of the "renunciation", the jinshi and the first, and thus. "Late existence" only indicates that a daughter was born at some time after the jinshi and the first official.

Source: Journal of Baoji College of Arts and Sciences (Social Sciences Edition), No. 6, 2021