"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 457th
The old king Sun Puru had to carry the shelf everywhere he went, and only eating made him forget his identity!
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Pu Ru (2 September 1896 – 18 November 1963), Manchu, originally known as Ai Xin Jue Luo Pu Ru, originally known as Zhongheng, changed the character to Xin qi , self-proclaimed Emperor Xi, Xishan Yishi, a native of Beijing.
Puru's grandfather Yi Bi (奕䜣), the sixth son of the Daoguang Emperor and the half-brother of the Xianfeng Emperor, was appointed minister plenipotentiary during the Second Opium War, responsible for negotiations with Britain, France, and Russia, and signed the Treaty of Beijing. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), the Xianfeng Emperor died, and Yi Bi and the empress dowager jointly launched the Xin You coup, successfully seized power, and was awarded the title of King of the Council. He has a nickname known to both the public and the public, "Devil Six"!
Pu Ru's father, Zai Ying, was the second son of Yi Bi. In 1868, the eighth son of the Daoguang Emperor, Wang Yixuan of Zhongduan Commandery, died, because there was no cigarette to pass on, the empress dowager of the Eastern and Western Palaces would inherit the title of Lord of Belle, and the Guangxu Emperor would be crowned the title of King of the County after the pro-government. As a result of the Boxer Rebellion, he was convicted of a crime and still belonged to his own branch.
Pu Ru's eldest brother succeeded his uncle Zai Cheng and attacked Wang Jue; the second eldest Pu Ru and the third brother Pu De settled in Beijing. Pu Ru's name, Pu Ru, was raised by the Guangxu Emperor, who hoped that he would "be a gentleman's Confucian, not a villain's Confucianism." Pu Ru was just 5 months old when he was rewarded with a top of his head, and when he was five years old, he met Empress Dowager Cixi and calmly coped with it, and was praised by Cixi: "The aura of this dynasty is all for this child." In the same year, his father Zaiying was deposed by the Emperor because of the Boxer Rebellion, and was imprisoned by the Emperor's house. When Puru was thirteen years old, the Guangxu Emperor died of illness and was ordered to enter the palace as an emperor candidate to participate in the selection, because he was thirteen years old and it was difficult to control, he was not selected, and he was elected as the emperor of the three-year-old subordinate. Pu Ru studied literature at the Gong King's Mansion at an early age, and was also trained in the "Aesthetics of Qinqi Calligraphy, Painting, Poetry and Hops".
The following year, his father Zaiying Belle died, and Puru was raised by his birth mother, Lady Xiang, and asked Ouyang Jingxi and Long Zishu to supervise the class. Linxi Yan Zhenqing's "Ode to Zhongxing", Xiao Liang's stele, Wei Zhengwengong stone carvings, etc. Long Zishu was very strict in his supervision, and once caught Pu Ru peeking at Yuan Ming's "Zi Bu Shu", and Long Zi Shu ordered him to write a poem on this topic to avoid punishment. PuRu's "Seven Steps into Poetry":
The Son does not speak famously, and is already sad with the solid will;
The original book is the same as the history of barnyard, and the righteousness is manifested as a non-declaration.
Zhi Wei Yi can be understood, and The Search Qi hand is self-compiled;
Mo Jiao commented on pen and ink, and finally gave birth to Pu Liuxian.
After the Xinhai Revolution, he entered Qinghe University, and after graduation, Prince Henry of Germany introduced him to the University of Berlin to study astronomy and biology, and obtained a double doctorate. Pu Ru was twenty years old at the Xishan Jietai Temple and began to formally study painting. In 1924, Prince Gong's mansion was mortgaged by Pu Wei, the eldest brother of Pu Ru, and Fu Jen University as a school building, Pu Ru moved to the Palace Garden, Cui Jin Garden, and entered the Beijing painting world, involved in society, and began to communicate with famous painters such as Zhang Daqian.
After Puyi left the palace, Pu Ru and Pu Xuezhai (号松雪), 溥毅斋 (号松邊), Guan Songfang (号 Songfang), Hui Xiaotong (号 Songxi) and others founded the famous modern Chinese painting group "Songfeng Painting Society", calling themselves "Songchao". In 1928, Pu Ru was hired to teach at Kyoto Imperial University in Japan, and when he was living in Japan, he wanted to contact the consulate, and never wrote "Consulate of the Republic of China" on the envelope, but asked someone to do it for him. Just as he painted all his life, the inscription was only signed with the dry branch year, never signed the republic of China xx year. After returning to China, he taught at the Peking National Art College, and when it was his turn to give a speech at the regular weekly meeting, he did not refuse, but he made it clear in advance that when teachers and students sang the national anthem and bowed three times to the national flag and the statue of the Father of the Nation, he had to retreat.
In 1932, after the "918" incident, Puyi became the emperor of the puppet state of Manchukuo, and the brothers of Ai Xinjueluo flocked to him, but Puru refused to take up a pseudo-post and wrote a "Subject" to clarify his ambitions. In the "Chapters of the Subjects", he denounced Puyi for "the nine temples are not erected, the clan society is not continued, the sacrifice is not his ghost, and the worship is not his Shuo", and then angrily scolded this cousin for "being a concubine and a different door, for the ghost of other tribes". On the 4th anniversary of the founding of puppet Manchuria, the Japanese specially prepared a generous gift and asked him, Qi Baishi, Chen Banding, and Yu Jieyun to paint the four scenes of spring, summer, autumn and winter to send Puyi to Puyi. The traitorous king Tang Tang came to ask Pu Ru to write, and Pu Ru ignored it and gave him a cold face. The Japanese went to the Western Mountains with heavy gold to ask for it, but they were also refused. The Japanese left the banknotes behind, and Pu Ru asked Wang Yitang to return Runjin. He composed a poem "Dotted Lips" to express his state of mind:
A chaotic and lonely city, a poor piece of soul-destroying land.
The country has no master, and the festival is sad and rainy.
The smoke pool platform, the scenery is still the same.
Sad place, deserted village road, no xieyang ferry.
In 1937, Pu Ru's biological mother, Mrs. Xiang, died, and he guarded the spirit at Guanghua Temple, and he sold the old Tibetan land machine "Ping Fu Ti" to Zhang Boju for 40,000 yuan, and opened a funeral ceremony. Gold leaf is applied to the lid of the mother's coffin and around the perimeter, so that the children can pray before the spirit. When children perform rituals, they are reprimanded for any inconvenience. Because the second son was late for a while, the kneeling spirit was not timely, and in the cold winter moon, he poured a pot of cold water into his son's bed. He stabbed his arm (a thorny tongue) bleeding, mixed into purple-red paint, fly-headed small letters "Heart Sutra", painted Buddha statues, donated to the famous mountain ancient temple, prayed for his deceased mother.
After the July 7 Incident, Peiping fell, and Pu Ru took refuge in the Lingguang Temple of Wanshou Mountain. The residence of the Reiko Temple was because Pu Wei sold the front yard of the GongWang Mansion to Fu Jen University to block it by a wall. Pu Ru was inconvenient to enter and exit, so he simply sold it to Fu Jen University for 100,000 taels of silver, and donated all the money to the Lingguang Temple, which built him a 12-room courtyard, away from the hustle and bustle. On the wall of his residence hung two banners from his book: "The rich and the noble cannot be adulterous, the poor cannot be moved, and the mighty cannot be bent." "If there is nothing to do, and to deal with a big thing is like a small thing, if you first open yourself to the emperor, then there is no master in your heart, how can you achieve things?" The Japanese side repeatedly invited Puru to participate in Japanese pseudo-education and other matters, and Puru said that he was ill and could not enter the city. He scoffed at the people who helped the Japanese in the name of restoring the Manchu Qing. Until 1945, he lived in Manjusan. In the same year, PuRu was fifty years old, and Zhang Daqian collaborated with him on dozens of works. Among them, Zhang Daqian painted a tree that was blown down by the wind, surrounded by green vines on the tree, and Pu Ruru wrote:
The wind blew down the trees,
The tree has fallen to the root;
There are vines on the branches,
Qingqing was still speechless.
In 1946, Pu Ru, Qi Baishi and others arrived in Nanjing to hold a joint exhibition of Pu Ru and Qi Baishi; in October, Pu Ru was designated by Chiang Kai-shek as the "representative of the Manchu National Congress"; in November, he attended the "Constituent National Assembly" and held a joint exhibition with Qi Baishi again in Shanghai. In February 1947, he abstained from opium at the Summer Palace. In the spring of 1949, an exhibition was held in Hangzhou. On May 3, when Hangzhou was liberated, Ye Jianying, the mayor of Beijing, asked him to return to Beijing and write back to thank him.
In August, Pu Ru, together with Mrs. Moyun and Minqi, went from Hangzhou to Shanghai, hid in a small boat, and ventured from Shanghai to Shenjiamen in the Zhoushan Islands, where Zhoushan had not yet been liberated and was still in the hands of Jiang Jun. Pu Ru arrived in Taiwan from Shen Jiamen, and on the way composed poems such as "August Sentiments":
It is nearly the Autumn Festival, and the smoke of soldiers is everywhere.
Mountains and rivers are thousands of miles and moons, and the heavens and the earth are a sad wind.
Brother Gori, Border Closed in tears.
Jinghua is invisible, and the north looks endlessly.
In the winter of 1949, Pu Ru went to Taiwan because of smuggling, did not bring anything, and after arriving in Taiwan, he was so poor that he sat in the city of Sorrow, and asked his acquaintance Wang Dun to write to Chiang Kai-shek for help. In October, he was hired by Taiwan Normal University to teach in the art department of the university. In 1950, Chiang Kai-shek invited Puru to dinner. During the banquet, Song Meiling cared about him, knowing that he had no place to live, so he allocated a dormitory for him to live in. Song Meiling wanted to worship him as a teacher to learn painting, because Puru had rules, he learned painting from him, and he had to perform the ritual of three kneeling and nine kowtows to the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Later, Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly entrusted people to ask him to serve as a "national policy adviser" and "examination committee member", and Pu Ru resigned with the euphemism of "not doing anything to the second dynasty", and he could never let go of the shelf of the old wang and grandson, and wanted to "observe the festival" for the Manchu Qing and be a loyal servant and martyr.
In 1963, Pu Ru was sixty-eight years old, and on March 10, a lump was found under the right ear, and he was soon deaf; in May, he was transferred to the Taiwan Central Hospital and diagnosed with lymphadenocarcinoma; in July, he was discharged from the hospital; at 3 a.m. on November 18, he was sent to the central clinic for emergency treatment and died.
Pu Ru loved calligraphy and painting all his life, and he also loved to eat, and as soon as he ate, he forgot the "old king and grandson", and he had extremely no taste in eating. He asks for 20 dishes per meal, the palatable one is brought to himself first, others stretch out their chopsticks, and what he gives you is always blank eyes. Go to the restaurant to eat, order onion grilled sea cucumber, guifei chicken and other like to eat double portions. In South Korea, at the banquet held by the government, he was also no one around, moving the plate and chewing, very willful. Forgetful of everything, only others ask him to eat can not forget, even if the other party is a kind word, he also put it in his heart and remember. Whenever there is a guest, after he has drunk enough to eat, he will offer a painting in return, and a "old king and grandson" stamp is tied to the waistband of his pants and goes with the people. Often drunk, put the stamp down. He was addicted to smoking, two or three packs a day, and his cigarette butt was thrown away casually, so that there were often small holes in clothes, calligraphy and paintings. When he was in Beijing, no matter how difficult it was, he had to charter a car, and he also had to hire a long follower to help him open the door with the bag, and Wang Sun's spirit could not be lost anywhere.
From Wang Sun to painter, Pu Ru experienced more pain than others, and he had both the temperament of a Chinese traditional knowledge and the willfulness created by a rich family in the old era. In the face of the new cultural transformation, he will behave even more painfully. He was stuck in the old school, and he was a double doctor who studied Western studies in Europe, and he should have had a more positive attitude in the political and artistic changes, but he did not have new and extraordinary ideas. In the face of the strong cultural shock of the West, it is arrogant and self-respecting.
Pu Confucian calligraphy is undoubtedly the backbone of the study of theology. He is good at cursive and calligraphy, and the inscriptions on his paintings are mostly cursive, and the couplets who are calligraphy works often like to use calligraphy, which also represents his standard. He advocated the establishment of bone strength, emphasizing that small characters must first learn large characters, and that the intention of existing in the body can be strong and beautiful, so that calligraphy can be strong and beautiful. His calligraphy is from Liu Gongquan and Pei Xiu, and his xiaokai uses pens to be high and ancient, and the atmosphere is vivid, which is wonderful. Pu Ru once said conceitedly: "Instead of calling me a painter, it is better to call me a calligrapher; instead of calling me a calligrapher, it is better to call me a poet; rather than calling me a poet, it is better to call me a scholar." "It may not be conceit, it is the poet's heart, it is the stirring of poetry, books, paintings, and prints in the heart."
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Song for Pu Ru's Heart", which reads:
The emperor is far away, and the deep courtyard is long.
The boat line is slowly planted, and the piece of sail thinks xiaoxiang.
In the past, the royal palace song, high walls willow silk feet.
In the sunset sheng, there is no idleness.
Pine wind painting will be glorious, and the new shoots will be deep in the ground.
Write the year of the Republic of China, and dry up the former heart.
If you don't know how to cultivate and weave, how can you be hungry and cold?
Only painting and calligraphy, dedication and strength.
The death of the mother opened a big funeral and sold the "Ping Fu Post".
The integrity has an extension period, and the pseudo-full visit is rejected.
Big things don't matter, and small things drive out of the ground.
One for the royal farewell, only gluttony said.
The old king and grandson of the rest of the matter have a heart to eat and be happy.
The painting was scattered, and the book entered the Jin and Tang dynasties.
Fluttering freely, bone strength carefully devoured.
Self-proclaimed calligraphy and painting reviews, books are more vertical than paintings.
Calligraphy and painting are poetry, and learning poetry is Ling.
All arts can stand out from the crowd, worthy of the good hand.
In his later years, he was ashamed of his subjects and drifted in the clouds.