First, the basic knowledge of couplets Third, the art classification of couplets
There are many classification methods of couplets, in order to facilitate the creation of couplets, this article summarizes the classification of couplets in accordance with the form and method of artistic creation, and summarizes the following 12 categories, hoping to have some enlightenment for friends who like couplet creation.
1. Hidden word union. Also known as the lack of such as the link, the Tibetan character union, that is, in the joint deliberately omitted some words that need to be highlighted, implicitly and skillfully convey the meaning of the words, the sound of the strings. Hidden words are implicit but not revealing, meandering, timeless, including many ingeniously conceived, peculiar techniques, vivid language masterpieces, reading is amazing, endless aftertaste.
According to legend, when the Northern Song Dynasty famous Minister Lü Mengzheng was poor when he was a teenager, he Chinese New Year's Eve one year, and when he saw that his family was poor, he wrote such a couplet and pasted it on both sides of the gate: "Two three four five; six seven eight nine", horizontal criticism: "north and south".
The upper and lower links deliberately lack "one" and "ten" horizontal batches deliberately lack "things", and harmonize the meaning of "lack of clothing and food, no things". This joint is ingenious, and it shows the author's poverty and bitterness in a subtle and witty way.
2. Split the word. It is a unique form of the couplet. Split characters, also known as dissected characters, clutching, is to separate the glyph parts of a Chinese character, so that they become a few other characters (or shapes), and give each word (or shape) a new meaning.
Legend has it that when Zhu Yuanzhang was wandering, he stayed overnight at the home of a single woman named Jewelry, and jewelry talked to Zhu Yuanzhang until late, and she saw that although Zhu Yuanzhang was at the end of the road, he had the wisdom to recognize the heroes and the heart of admiration, so he went out to the upper league to explore: "Deep in the mountains to hide jewelry, you say that it is Zhu Jiabao? Wang Jiabao? Splitting the word "zhu" into "Zhu" and "Wang" not only fits his identity, but also reveals the meaning of Xu's body.
Zhu Yuanzhang remembered the scene of the neighbor giving birth to a child in the past, and immediately said: "When the child is born in the middle of the night, I will take care of his son!" Oh shit! ”
3. Stacked word union. In couplet creation, the use of superimposed calligraphy is very extensive, almost everywhere. Overlapping words, also known as "tautisms", refer to words that consist of two identical words. When people create the Yang Lian, they often apply the overlapping characters to the method of joint language creation, that is, the overlapping characters.
The stacked characters on the Guanlan Pavilion of Baotu Spring in Thousand Buddha Mountain read: "The Buddha's feet are clear, and two jade belts flutter and flutter; the source of living water, bubbling up a string of pearls." "Vividly imitates the dynamic beauty and color beauty of the spring. Guanquan reading lian, pleasing to the eye, heart-warming.
4. Compound word union. In the couplet, a word or a few words are repeated many times according to a certain law, so that the content to be said is more emphasized and powerful.
Uplink: full moon in heaven, half moon on earth, full moon, half moon, half moon
Bottom link: the end of this year, the beginning of next year, the end of the year, the beginning of the year
The first and second sentences both have the word "month", but the meaning is different, and there are six "month" words in the whole sentence.
5. Palindromic Union. Palindromic, which is one of the continental couplets. Couplets written in palindromic form can be read either sequentially or backwards. Not only does it mean the same, but it's also interesting. It is one of the important cultures of the mainland.
There is a mountain in Henan Province called Jigong Mountain, and there are two landscapes in the mountain: "Fighting Cock Mountain" and "Longyin Rock". Someone made a unique palindromic association on this: "Cockfighting on the mountain chicken fight, dragon hidden rock in the rock hidden dragon."
6. Set sentence joints. It is a way of creating couplets. As far as the creation method of couplets is concerned, it can be roughly divided into two types. One is a self-written link, and the other is a set sentence combination. "Set" here to do "gather", "set" solution. The scope of collection sentences is very wide, and it can collect poems, words, texts, tablets, posts, religious classics, and even idioms, vernacular, and colloquialisms.
Nanjing Mochou Lake Union is a collection of Han Yu and Li Bai's poems to form a union: "Water is like jasper mountains like Dai, clouds want to dress and flowers to look at."
7. Joint punk. Carefully conceived, couplets are made up of Chinese characters with the same initials.
In the first year of the Ming Dynasty's apocalypse, the prime minister Ye Xianggao passed through Fuzhou and stayed at the home of Weng Zhengchun, the head of the new branch, and Weng improvised: "Spoil the Han family, poor window lonely."
Ye Xianggaomi was full of words from Bao Gai's head, and at first he was shocked, and then Ye and said, "The guest official is a palace eunuch, and the rich room is tolerant."
8. Fan association. It fuses the artistic characteristics of riddles and links into one furnace, which has both a fascinating guessing fun and a refined and timeless charm of the yang lian, which can be called a strange flower in the garden of the couplet. In the performance of the puzzle surface, the form of "shooting over the puzzle" is also incorporated.
Please look at the two pairs of place-name mysteries produced by Mr. Hu Jingyi: "The Jinshu has just arrived; the sword does not leave the body".
This joint hit the second place in the mainland city. Nishiki, letters also. Mere mortals who had just received the letter from the angel in green wanted to see it to the end, and they could not wait to tear it open or cut it, hence the name "kaifeng". The so-called "fist does not leave the hand, the song does not leave the mouth", whoever does not leave the sword, must be a man who practices martial arts, so it is called "Wuhan".
9. Digital link. The number of the couplet is to embed the number in the couplet, so that the quantifier has a special meaning in the couplet, the role of the couplet composed of the quantifier is mainly: to create an image and mood, to increase the difficulty of the battle, to carry out mathematical operations, the interpretation of the number of the conjunction, the continuous embedding of natural numbers, etc. Digital connectivity is one of the important cultures of the mainland.
The Qing Dynasty scholar Zhu Bailu wrote in his "Maxims on Governing the Family" in which he wrote a couplet of words: "A porridge and a meal, when thinking is not easy; half a silk and half a wisp, constant thinking and material strength are difficult."
10. Harmonic union. Harmonic union is the use of phonetic harmonic puns, play a fun effect. Also known as the DissociationAlection.
In 1953, Qian Sanqiang led a scientific expedition delegation with members including Hua Luogeng, Zhang Yuzhe, Zhao Jiuzhang, Lü Shuxiang and others. On the way, there is nothing to do, and it is rare to talk about the present and the past. At this time, Hua Luogeng was immediately in love with Jing, and came up with an upper link: the three strong Han Wei Zhao, asking for the lower link. The "three strong forces" refer to the three powerful countries of Han, Wei and Zhao during the Warring States period, but they are also metaphorical to the names of Qian Sanqiang, the head of the delegation, which not only solves the difficulties of the digital union, but also embeds the name of a scientist in the lower league. Therefore, as soon as the Hualao Shanglian came out, everyone hesitated. After a while, I saw Hua Luogeng unhurriedly chanting out the next link: the nine chapters of the Pythagorean string. The "Nine Chapters" is a famous mathematical work in ancient mainland China, and this book is the first record of the Pythagorean theorem discovered by mainland mathematicians. At the same time, "Nine Chapters" is the name of atmospheric physicist Zhao Jiuzhang. It's so good that the whole house is overwhelmed!
11. Mosaic grid. Also known as "inlay grid", it is the name of people, place names, shops, tea houses, taverns, temples and temples... the name or two non-named words are embedded in the appropriate places up and down. According to the different positions, it is divided into crane top grid, swallow jaw grid, iris shoulder grid, bee waist grid, crane knee grid, shin grid, goose foot grid, Kui Dou grid, cicada grid, cloud mud grid, DingZhi grid, broken brocade grid, obscure ming grid.
12. After the break. It is a couplet formed in the afterword of the break. After the break is a kind of familiar language, mostly use the masses familiar, witty and image sentences, when used can be hidden from the latter text, the previous text to show the meaning, can also be juxtaposed before and after the text.
For example, "flowering sesame seeds, backgammon; unearthed sugar cane, sweet", is a typical break after the link.
Second, the year of the tiger original couplet calligraphy appreciation three.
Shanglian: Zhao Cai Nalu Treasure Land
Downlink: Greeting the Spring and Celebrating the New Year
Horizontal batch: Spring solstice blessing arrival
1. Book appreciation
2. Qi Gong body appreciation
3. Face body appreciation
4. Zhao body line grass
5. Huang Tingjian body
6. Imperial list body