In 2022, the epidemic has not been completely controlled, but Tonga, located on the western island of the South Pacific, has erupted the world's largest submarine volcano eruption in 30 years, and the power of the eruption has affected the entire Pacific coast, releasing energy equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima atomic bombs.
As of January 18, the Tongan government issued a statement saying that the eruption and tsunami had killed three people, destroyed all houses off the coast of Mangau Island, and severely affected local fresh water supplies. In Fiji, 800 kilometres from Tonga, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air has increased dramatically, with the potential for acid rain at any time.
In fact, volcanic eruptions are not hierarchical, only the eruption index VEI, five-level volcanic eruptions, the energy released is equivalent to an earthquake of 8.7 magnitude, such as the VEI of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD is 5, this volcanic eruption, directly destroyed pompeii and stabbiyi, buried 20,000 people alive, even several coastal cities along the coast, such as herculanems Tabia, have been seriously affected.
This Tonga volcanic eruption, according to New Zealand volcanologist Shane Cronin, the scale of the eruption and the explosive post-mushroom cloud reached 260 kilometers, and the volcanic eruption index (VEI) reached a level of 5, and possibly even a level of 6, really have to sigh, in the face of natural disasters, human beings are really too small.
Compared with the 2022 tonga eruption, the 1991 Pinatubo eruption is the real intention to destroy human civilization?
Located at the junction of the three provinces of Sanskaris, Tala and Pampanga in Luzon, philippines, Pinatubo Volcano is a young active volcano that, after more than 600 years of silence, on June 9, 1991, Pinatubo Volcano suddenly erupted violently, spewing ash, sand, stone and vapor from the volcano into the sky.
In two weeks, more than 700 people were killed and more than 200,000 fled their homes, with losses amounting to 5 billion pesos. Volcanic ash flew everywhere, wiping out 300,000 hectares of farmland and destroying more than 7,000 hectares of forest in the region. Volcanic ash has even fallen as far as Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, as well as China's Hainan and Fujian provinces.
At that time, the Philippine Volcano seismological research institute had detected abnormal seismic activity on April 2, 1991, and proposed an evacuation plan. 25,000 people were evacuated near the volcano, and 14,500 family members and entourage were evacuated from the nearby U.S. military base in Clark.
On June 15, Mount Pinatobo began a major eruption, throwing a total volume of more than 5 cubic kilometers of debris, and a stream of pyroclastics rolling down the hillside filled the nearby deep valley, with a maximum thickness of 200 meters.
By 1996, the temperature of these volcanic accumulations was still 500°; just as the typhoon passed by, a huge column of volcanic ash and gas smoke was swept into the atmosphere, causing the typhoon to weaken rapidly and form a crater with a diameter of 2.5 kilometers.
Mount Pinatubo erupted a large amount of volcanic ash, covering an area of nearly 4,000 square kilometers, the thickness of the ash reached 5 centimeters, not only the crops were buried tragically, but also the roof was covered with a thick layer of dust, and even the Subic Naval Base, which was about 40 kilometers away from the volcano, was seriously damaged by the fall of volcanic ash.
The ash, which became wet and heavy under the influence of typhoons and torrential rains, landed in densely populated areas, where about 200 people died under collapsed roofs, at which point the typhoon intensified, increasing the death toll.
In addition, volcanic eruptions spewed out 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide, entering the stratosphere of sulfur dioxide reduced the amount of sunlight on the earth by 10%, reducing global temperature by 1 °C, and a few months later, sulfur dioxide was injected into the stratosphere aerosol in large quantities, forming a layer of sulfuric acid fog, making the global average temperature rise by about 0.5 °C, and the loss of the ozone layer also increased significantly for a short time, resulting in the Earth entering a two-year volcanic winter.
Fortunately, 250,000 people were evacuated from the lowlands next to and near the volcano, otherwise the consequences would have been unimaginable. Still, the eruption killed more than 800 people, left 100,000 homeless, threatened the lives of 1 million people and caused $500 million in property damage.
A level 6 volcanic eruption will cause the global average temperature to drop by nearly 0.5 .c that year; a level 7 eruption will cause the Northern Hemisphere to experience a "summerless year" the following year; a level 8 volcanic eruption may destroy human civilization, Pinatubo Volcano, when detected at level 6, the difference of two levels can directly destroy human civilization.
The eruption of the Tonga volcano has caused panic among the people of our country, and they are always worried that the volcanic eruption in Tonga will cause the global temperature to drop. Will the volcanic ash of Tonga float over our country?
Although Xiao Mu Tong, I am not an expert, but Xiao Mu Tong consulted the relevant information to report to the leaders:
1. The eruption of a volcano in Tonga will not cause a drop in global temperatures.
The main reason is that the sulfur dioxide produced by the volcanic eruption in Tonga is about 400,000 tons, which is not enough to have too much impact on the climate, so we do not have to worry about whether China will have a "summerless year".
2. Will the volcanic ash of Tonga float over our country?
First of all, the conclusion, the short-term signs, is unlikely, because the last time the continent was affected by volcanic ash was in 2010 Iceland volcanic eruption, with the atmospheric circulation to the mainland, but the volcanic ash concentration reached the mainland is relatively low, coupled with the first island chain of the mainland weakened tsunami waves, volcanic ash reached the east coast of the continent is already the end of the crossbow, so there is no need to worry about the impact of the Tonga volcanic eruption on the mainland and the spread of volcanic ash caused by volcanic eruptions.
At this time, the volcanic ash of Tonga was mainly affected by the southern hemisphere, and now it has drifted to the east coast of Tuao, and the impact on Tuao may be greater. I hope my friends in Australia take care of themselves.
What should I do if I have the misfortune to encounter a volcanic eruption?
1. Volcanic eruptions will erupt a large amount of volcanic ash, causing great harm to the human body, in view of this, we can wear goggles, snorkel masks or ski goggles to protect the eyes, never wear sunglasses;
2. Find a cloth or towel to get wet and protect your mouth and nose. If possible, you can wear an industrial gas mask. After escaping to the shelter, remove your clothes in time, thoroughly wash the exposed skin, and rinse your eyes with clean water.
3. Stay in a safe place until the relevant authorities inform you that everything has happened and there is no danger, and you come out again.
4. Be careful not to eat any food that may be contaminated with ashes, including water, to help assist, care for, or search for victims.
Writing this, I suddenly remembered the classic line in "The Wandering Earth": At first, no one cared about this disaster, it was just a volcano, a tsunami, the extinction of a species, the disappearance of a city, until this disaster was closely related to everyone...
2022. May the epidemic end soon, and may you and I be safe.