Today we introduce Xiao San, an early party member and famous poet.
Xiao San, formerly known as Xiao Zisheng (一作子嶂, or Yun's original name Xiao Kesen, zi 暲), was assigned the name Kesen, and his grandfather gave him the name Xiao Shusan, and when he was studying, he was named Xiao Zhifan, with pen names such as Tianguang, Emi Xiao, Aimei, etc., ranking third, Xiao Zisheng's younger brother. Born on October 10, 1896 in Xiaojiachong Taowutang, Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province. Xiao San's father, named Jingzi, Yue Ying, also known as Xiao Si, devoted his life to education and successively served as a teacher at Dongshan Primary School and Xiangxiang Middle School. Xiao Si's sinology has deep roots and cares about state affairs. Xiao San's mother, Fang Yuqing, was the daughter of Fang Yinchen, a well-known surgeon in neighboring Xiangtan County, and could speak and sing. Xiao's third uncle, Fang Bingnan, was a Confucian doctor, a master of medicine, and good at writing poetry and composition. The second uncle, Fang Zinan, is a famous master of Chinese music, with a lot of refinement, erhu, and sheng zhen. Xiao San was influenced and influenced by his parents and uncles from an early age, and developed a strong interest in poetry. Xiao Sanfa was very early, and at the age of 4, he studied with his brother in his father's house. He was studious since childhood, read a lot of ancient books, and learned to recite poems against him. In 1907, Xiao San was admitted to the Xiangxiang County Dongshan Higher Primary School with excellent results. Dongshan Gaoxiao is located at the foot of Dongtai Mountain, 3 miles outside Xiangxiang City. Its predecessor was Higashiyama Academy. When Xiao San was studying at Dongshan School, Xiao Si was already teaching at the school. Xiao San not only studied weekdays, but also won the first place in each month-end exam and final exam. But because his father also taught at the school, some teachers and students who were jealous of Xiao San's father and son created public opinion that his father had helped. This made Xiao San very angry. Soon, Xiao Si was dismissed for having a conflict with the principal and went to xiangxiang middle school to teach. Xiao San and his second brother Xiao Zisheng were still studying at the school and were discriminated against by the principal and his co-party, and the three Xiao brothers held their ambitions and worked hard, but they still won the first place in their class and won glory for their father. The Chinese language teachers at Dongshan School are surrounded by talented people from the late Qing Dynasty, who are talented and good at writing poetry, and often use poetry reviews to rewrite compositions, which is very important to Xiao San. Once, Xiao San wrote the essay "Spring", and each sentence was embedded with the word "spring". After reading it, Mr. Zhou commented satisfactorily: "The peach blossoms and flowing water are gone, and there is no heaven and earth that is not in the world." Once again, Xiao San wrote a poem called "Si Qin", which included the sentence "Changing clothes is like seeing the folding of clothes", and Mr. Zhou gladly criticized: "Filial piety is talented, so it is." All this further stimulated Xiao San's strong interest in poetry. Before graduating from Higashiyama School, he had integrated a volume, but unfortunately lost it later.
After xiao san studied at Dongshan School for two years, Mao Zedong was also admitted to the school in the autumn of 1910, and soon had a relationship with Xiao San. Mao Zedong was very happy to learn that Xiao San had a book dedicated to Washington, Lincoln, Napoleon, Peter the Great, and other celebrities, and was very happy and borrowed it from him. Since then, Mao Zedong and Xiao San have become good friends. They often walk and play together, talk and learn their experiences, comment on poetry, talk about current affairs, and talk about everything. The two treated each other sincerely and formed a deep friendship with each other. In the summer of 1911, Xiao San, together with his second brother Zisheng, was admitted to the preparatory class of Hunan First Normal School. In the spring of the following year, he became a regular student of the First Normal School. After Xiao San arrived at the First Division, he went to the Xiangxiang Middle School in xiangxiang province to visit Mao Zedong, who had recently been admitted to this school. At that time, after the Wuchang Uprising, they wholeheartedly supported the slogan put forward by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, "Expelling the Tartars, Restoring China, Establishing the Republic of China, and Equalizing Land Rights." Xiao San and Mao Zedong were very excited to see soldiers driving to the city to attack Yamen and other places on the street. On the first day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar in 1911, Hunan was also restored. The "Han" flag was hung everywhere in Changsha, and the school also had a few days off. Xiao San and his classmates excitedly cut their braids, sang the song "On October 10, the righteous banner was raised, and the revolution rose in Wuchang", and followed the masses to participate in the parade. In the evening, they also carry various lanterns to participate in the parade. During the winter vacation, Xiao San and his second brother sheng returned home, passed through the county seat of Xiangxiang, and also publicized to the masses the principle of expelling the Tartars and establishing the Republic of China. Back at home, my father and brother had already cut their braids in their hometown. After Xiao San entered the first division, he studied according to his own reading plan, consciously cultivated himself, and put his main energy into Chinese and English. In addition to writing poems, he also wrote beautiful piaowen, which was deeply loved by teachers. In 1914, Mao Zedong was merged from the Fourth Normal School into the First Normal School, he also did not like the examination system at that time, did not like mathematics, physics and other homework, especially drawing, handicrafts, singing, etc., never spent effort to learn, only attached importance to Chinese language, ethics, education, hard work to study the Tang and Song Dynasties and Liang Qichao's articles, composition is often the first in the class. In the First Division, Mao Zedong and Xiao San had similar interests and had closer contacts. At the same time that Mao Zedong entered the first division, Xu Teli, a famous educator in Hunan, also came to the first division to teach courses such as pedagogy, teaching methods in various subjects, and self-cultivation, and served as the director of education practice. Xu Teli's ideology is progressive, his democratic and patriotic ideas are strong, he is hardworking and simple, humble and diligent. He not only administers rigorous learning, but also advocates good learning methods, and his lectures are practical and infectious. Xu Teli had a great influence on Xiao San. Xu was also very serious about Xiao San. At the same time, Xiao San also respected Teacher Yang Changji very much and studied the pedagogy and ethics he taught. Mr. Yang has won the admiration of young students for his integration of ancient Chinese Song Ming theory and bourgeois democratic thought, forming a relatively progressive ethics and a practical outlook on life. Xiao San often went with Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Zhang Kundi, and others to The Yang House in Bancang to listen to teachings. In the summer of 1916, Xiao San graduated from the First Division. He and his friend Chen Shaoxiu were introduced by another classmate to teach in a rural ethnic school not far from Changsha, the Huang Clan Studies. He and Chen Shaoxiu served as the directors and instructors of the Junior Small Department and the High Minor Department respectively. After teaching for a year in the Huang clan, Xiao San went to Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi and other places to run Boy Scouts in the second semester of 1917 with seven teachers from other schools in Changsha. After returning to Changsha, Kong Zhaohuan, the progressive principal of the First Division, re-presided over the First Division, and hired Xiao San and Chen Shaoxiu as teachers of the attached primary school (high school) and also ran the Boy Scouts. Xiao San taught two courses, English and singing. At the same time, he and Chen Shaoxiu were appointed as the chief and deputy commanders of the Seventh Regiment of the Changsha Boy Scouts. In teaching, he teaches students to understand the duties and obligations of serving society, to do good things for society, especially for the poor. Among his students was Ren Bi, who would later become a great proletarian revolutionary. During the period when Xiao San was in charge of the Huang Clan Studies and the First Division, he still maintained close contact with Mao Zedong and others. They often studied together, discussed social issues together, and paid attention to visiting scholars who came to Changsha. In the spring of 1917, The Japanese progressive Bai Lang Tiantian (Miyazaki Yinzang), who had helped and supported the Xinhai Revolution, came to Changsha to participate in Huang Xing's funeral ceremony. After Xiao San and Mao Zedong received this news, they specially wrote a letter to this well-known Japanese figure, enthusiastically praising his friendship with the Chinese people.
During his studies at the First Division and his work at the Primary School, Xiao San witnessed the country's internal and external troubles, the division of warlords, and the continuous floods, and the people's lives were miserable. Together with Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Xiao Zisheng, He Shuheng, Zhang Kundi, Luo Xuezhan, Chen Shaoxiu and others, he often discussed the principle of studying as a person, and also discussed the future of the individual, society and the country. In 1915, when "New Youth" reached Changsha, Yang Changji introduced it to them for reading, which further opened their horizons, and they all felt that a large number of like-minded friends and a solid group could make a difference. After a period of deliberation and preparation, on April 14, 1918, Xiao San, together with Mao Zedong and others, crossed the Xiang River and went to the "Crazy Mailing House" rented by Cai and Sen's family in Liu Jiataizi under the Yuelu Mountains, held a meeting with 13 friends such as Cai Hesen, Zou Yiding, and Xiao Zisheng, established the "Xinmin Society", and discussed and adopted the charter drafted by Mao Zedong and others. The constitution says: The purpose of the Xinmin Society is to innovate scholarship, improve character, and improve people's hearts and customs; members must have lofty ambitions and the spirit of serving the country and the nation; membership should be introduced by members and approved by the Council. At the meeting, Mao Zedong was elected as the director-general, and he insisted on resigning and only serving as a clerk, but in fact he was the core of the Xinmin Society. Soon after the establishment of the Xinmin Society, it developed a number of members and launched the Hunan Work-study Movement in France. During the First World War, Wu Yuzhang, Cai Yuanpei, Li Shizeng and others who studied in France founded the Work-study Institute in France, calling on young people to study in France using the "half-work and half-reading" method. Xiao San, Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen and other members of the Xinmin Society were influenced by the idea of "the sanctity of labor" and were very interested in studying in France based on the requirement of "outward development of members". In June 1918, the members of the Xinmin Society held a meeting to discuss it in the first division attached to the small school. Everyone believes that the work-study in France should be carried out as much as possible, and they have instructed Cai Hesen and Xiao Zisheng to take charge of the responsibility. Soon, Cai hesen went to Beijing to contact Cai Yuanpei, Li Shizeng, li Dazhao, and others, and wrote back to tell the members that studying in France was quite promising. Therefore, Mao Zedong, Xiao Zisheng, Xiao San, and others invited 25 volunteers to study in France from Xiang to Beijing. After Xiao San arrived in Beijing, he entered the Beijing class of the preparatory class for studying in France and lived in No. 8 Sanyanjing Hutong in Beijing. Soon, the friends who came to Beijing all gathered in the 3 small rooms next to No. 7. During this period, Xiao San often went with Mao Zedong, Cai and Sen to Yang Changji's home in The Tofu Hutong outside Di'anmen to ask for advice. Later, through the introduction of Yang Changji, they visited Li Dazhao, Cai Yuanpei, Hu Shi, Tao Menghe and other famous scholars whom they admired. In particular, the contacts with Li Dazhao gave them initial contact with Marxism. In January 1919, after Xiao San and Mao Zedong went to Shanghai to bid farewell to a group of students who went to study, Mao Zedong returned to Xiangxiang, but Xiao San still returned to Beijing to continue his studies, and published a newsletter report, "The Recent Situation of the Preparatory School for Work-study in France". When the May Fourth Movement broke out, Xiao San participated in demonstrations and rallies in Beijing. Soon after returning to Changsha, he participated in the hunan people's expulsion campaign to expel Zhang Jingyao, and wrote for the Xiangjiang Review edited by Mao Zedong, publishing some essays, essays, and vernacular poems. His articles were sharp and pungent, advocating a new culture and opposing the old feudal religion. In January 1920, Xiao San was appointed by Mao Zedong and the Xinmin Society and the Hunan Huafa Education Branch to go to Shanghai to prepare for the study of work-study students in France. In Shanghai, the "Federation of Students Going to France" was initiated, and the problem of funds for going to France was solved through liaison with the Chinese Industrial Bureau and other parties. During this period, he also contacted Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao, Zong Baihua, Wang Guangqi, Kong Zhaohuan, Liu Qingyang, Peng Ying, and other progressive figures, and initiated the organization of the "Shanghai Work-study Mutual Aid Group." In May, after Mao Zedong arrived in Shanghai, he was contacted by the members of the Shanghai Xinmin Society to contact the national student representatives and hold a tea party at the Shanghai Songshe to discuss how to carry forward the May Fourth spirit and carry out revolutionary activities throughout the country. During this period, Xiao San published a paper entitled "My View of Work-study in France" in view of the controversy in society over the issue of work-study in France, especially in response to those strange theories that oppose outward development and closed-minded stereotypes. The article pointed out: "Work-study is a kind of ism, a kind of life for a legitimate person; not only is it to save money for others to study, barely become a worker, and then return to his student's grandfather." "A person should work from childhood to old age, and should study from childhood to old age, so workers and students should become one and be the survivors of the new world." On May 8, Xiao San, Together with Mao Zedong and other members of the Shanghai Xinmin Society, held a farewell party for Xiao San and other members who had gone to France in Shanghai Bansong Garden. The farewell party was held from morning to night, with pictures taken in the rain in the middle, and continued under the lights at night, completely turning into a discussion. The meeting was discussed, and the attitude of "potential and practicality, not vanity, and no publicity" should be held in the future. Xiao San proposed at the meeting: "Members should strengthen contacts and carry forward the spirit of mutual help and fraternity. ”
On May 9, Xiao San, Chen Shaoxiu and 130 other work-study students who studied in France set off from Shanghai on the French cruise ship Armand Bosi. Mao Zedong waited until the dock to send off. Xiao San and the others traveled 38 days and traveled 30,000 miles, arriving in Paris, France on June 16. After Xiao San arrived in France, he entered fontainebleau to study French. Soon after, he was transferred to Mondalni College for work-study. Most of the members of the Xinmin Society are also here. They gathered all the members who studied in France and held a five-day seminar at the Montarni College, first of all, Xiao San and Chen Shaoxiu conveyed the spirit of the Xinmin Society meeting held in Shanghai in April, and then everyone talked about the road to national salvation. After the meeting, Cai Hesen and Xiao Zisheng wrote long letters to Mao Zedong and other members of the Xinmin Society in China, reporting in detail on the course of the meeting and their views. Mao Zedong replied on January 21 of the following year, highly affirming Cai Hesen's propositions, saying: "Your letter is extremely well-seen, and I have not approved a single word of disapproval. In August of the same year, Xiao San joined cai Hesen, Li Weihan, Xiang Jingyu and other members of the French-New People's Society in Montarney, contacted other progressive groups of students studying in France, initiated the creation of the "World Society of Engineering" with the purpose of "implementing social revolution and transforming China and the world", and initiated the activity of studying the French version of the "Communist Manifesto" and "The State and Revolution" and other Marxist-Leninist classic works among the members, which initially established the Marxist-Leninist viewpoint. During this period, Xiao San also worked as a journalist, and as a reporter for the "Engineering World News Agency," he went to Harvard, France, and other places to investigate the work and living conditions of Chinese workers, and published a newsletter entitled "Talk on the Situation of Chinese Workers in Harvard." In 1921, Xiao San, together with the work-study students studying in France, threw himself into three large-scale mass struggles. On February 28, he participated in the 228 Movement, led by Cai Hesen and led by xinmin society and the world engineering society as the core, and the work-study students in France to seek the right to survive and study. In August, he participated in the "refusal" patriotic campaign of Chinese students against the Beiyang government's secret loans to the French government. In September, he participated in the struggle of Chinese students to occupy the Sino-French University of Lyon. He, Together with Li Weihan and Xiang Weiyu, were responsible for liaison work in Paris. This struggle led to a violent act in which reactionary authorities in China and France forcibly escorted 104 work-study students studying in France back to China. Xiao San and the work-study students studying in France were greatly shaken. In the late autumn and early winter of that year, Xiao San prepared to transfer to the Soviet Union, traveled from Paris to Berlin, and wrote a long newsletter entitled "The Truth About repatriating Work-study Students," which, through a large number of facts, exposed the fact that the Chinese and French reactionary authorities conspired to persecute Chinese work-study students studying in France, and signed his name as Tianguang. In the spring of 1922, after Zhou Enlai arrived in Berlin, he discussed with him the issue of establishing a unified revolutionary organization in Europe, and Xiao San wrote a letter to Zhao Shiyan and Li Weihan in Paris. Zhao Shiyan soon replied to Xiao San, agreeing with his discussions with Zhou Enlai and hoping that he would return to Paris as soon as possible to conspire to establish a Communist Party organization. At the same time, Xiao San also received a letter from Ren Bishi from Moscow, who had been transferred from Paris. In his letter, Ren introduced the Situation of the October Revolution in Russia and the Communist University of The Eastern Workers in Moscow, and welcomed Xiao San to Moscow to study. After some travels, Xiao San wanted to go to Su Unsuccessfully, so that he could return to Paris from Berlin in the early summer of the same year. One day in June, initiated by Zhao Shiyan and Zhou Enlai, in the Forest of Bren on the outskirts of Paris, a meeting was held with 18 comrades, including Wang Ruofei, Li Weihan, Li Fuchun, Liu Bojian, xiao San, and decided to establish a communist group, the "Young Communist Party of China in Europe" (later renamed the "Brigade European Branch of the Chinese Socialist Youth League" on January 29, 1923 according to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League). The meeting elected Zhao Shiyan as secretary, Zhou Enlai in charge of propaganda, and Li Weihan in charge of organization. The "Young Communists" office is located at 17 Rue Godefroire near place Italie in Paris, which is actually a small, remote hotel. The "Young Communists" founded a mimeographed semi-monthly magazine in France, "Teenagers". During this period, Xiao San participated in the editing, engraving and distribution of the journal. The Juvenile engaged in polemics with the anarchist magazine Trade Union and the Christian-run Weekly Journal of the Youth Association. At the same time, Xiao San, Zhao Shiyan, Zhou Enlai, and others sometimes attended meetings convened by anarchists and held face-to-face debates, striving to guide Chinese workers and work-study students into the revolutionary ranks. Xiao San and the comrades of the "Young Communist Party", out of the standpoint of proletarian internationalism, often voluntarily participated in various demonstrations organized by the French Communist Party. They liked to listen to the speeches of the leader of the French Communist Party, Jia Xiang, and felt that his speeches were very emotional and inflammatory. It was at such a parade that Siu San got to know Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. In the early autumn of 1922, according to Ho Chi Minh's suggestion, the "Young Communist Party" organization elected Zhao Shiyan, Wang Ruofei and Xiao San, who were introduced by Ho Chi Minh, joined the French Communist Party, paid membership fees, and participated in several activities of the French Communist Party's Place d'Italie branch in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. Soon, the CCP sent Liao Huanxing to France and agreed to xiao San and others to become CCP members. In the "Young Communist" organs, because Xiao San's French language was better, he intervened in all the negotiations between the "Young Communists" and the Central Committee of the French Communist Party and the French Youth League. Once, Xiao San went to the central organ of the French Communist Party to contact the work and met a French Communist Party leader in charge of colonial affairs. The man spoke to him about the Eastern University in the Soviet Union and asked him if he would like to go to the Soviet Union. Of course, Xiao San was willing to go. Therefore, with the help and introduction of the leaders of the French Communist Party, Xiao San went from France to Germany and completed the immigration formalities at the Soviet Embassy in Berlin.
In the winter of 1922, Xiao San went from Berlin to Moscow alone. After arriving in Moscow, Xiao San met Chen Duxiu and Qu Qiubai at the "Liukes Hotel", the residence of the delegates of the Communist International Congress, and reported to them. On the 3rd day, Chen Duxiu and Qu Qiubai decided to arrange for him to study at the Oriental University, and advocated that all comrades studying in France should study at the Oriental University. Therefore, Xiao San went to a large house on the 2nd floor of No. 53 Tverska Avenue (later renamed Gorky Street) to live with Xiao Jinguang, Xie Wenjin, Peng Shuzhi and other comrades. "UTokyo" is the abbreviation of the "Communist University of Eastern Laborers", which mainly recruits students from China and other Far Eastern countries and students from ethnic minorities in the Far East of the Soviet Union. Initially, Xiao San studied historical materialism and political economy with the Turkish poet Hikmet in the French class. Soon after, he transferred to the Chinese class and studied the history of the October Revolution, the history of the Russian Communist Party (Brazzaville), the history of the world revolution, and the history of the workers' movement together with Xie Wenjin, Xiao Jinguang, Yang Chao, Jiang Guangchi, Ren Zuomin, Peng Shuzhi, and so on. In April 1923, Zhao Shiyan, Wang Ruofei, Chen Yannian, Chen Qiaonian and others also came to The Oriental University, and Xiao San studied with them again. In 1923, when the news of the February 7 Massacre reached Moscow, The Students of UTokyo were so angry that they decided to organize a commemorative party. Xiao San accepted the arrangement of the students and wrote a drama based on the deeds of the martyr Lin Xiangqian, praising the revolutionary spirit of the martyr, and played a female worker in the play. The evening was held at the Oriental University Club and was packed that night. At the party, he also gave accordion accompaniment to the dance of Ren Bishi and Xiao Jinguang. In the summer of 1923, Xiao San and students from the Eastern University went camping at the villa of Vasichino Village, 70 kilometers from Moscow. Here, Xiao San and Chen Qiaonian decided to translate the "Internationale" that had shocked their hearts as early as in France into Chinese. They translated it from the French version and the Russian version. While translating, I taught UTokyo students to sing. Later, the students of UTokyo brought their translation of the "Internationale" back to China, and since then it has been sung in China until the early 1960s. On January 21, 1924, the great revolutionary teacher Lenin passed away. Xiao San, who was recuperating in a nursing home on the outskirts of Moscow, was shocked to hear the bad news and was infinitely saddened. He immediately returned to the Eastern University and represented the Moscow branch of the Communist Party of China with Ren Bishi and others to participate in Lenin's funeral and spiritual observance. Afterwards, he also wrote poems to express his condolences.
At the turn of the spring and summer of 1924, Li Dazhao led a cpc delegation to Moscow to attend the Fifth Congress of the Communist International, and Xiao San met with Li Dazhao. In August, he was transferred back to China to participate in the first domestic revolutionary struggle, passing through Vladivostok to Shanghai, where he met Qu Qiubai, Ren Bishi, Cai Hesen, and others who were working in the CPC Central Committee. The central authorities sent him to Changsha, Hunan Province, to serve as a member of the Xiang District Executive Committee (i.e., the Hunan Provincial Cpc Committee) of the CPC and secretary of the Hunan District Committee of the Socialist Youth League. In January 1925, Xiao San, on behalf of the Hunan District Committee of the Youth League, went to Shanghai and attended the Third National Congress of the Socialist Youth League. In May, Xiao San made a special trip to Shaoshan to meet Mao Zedong, who spent the Spring Festival there. Mao Zedong and Xiao San talked freely about the peasant movement. After that, he made a trip back to the Xiao family in Xiangxiang County, visited his family and paid homage to the spirits of his parents. After the May Thirtieth Massacre, Hunan workers and students immediately took action and held "three strikes" (strikes, class strikes, and market strikes) in solidarity with the anti-imperialist movement of the Shanghai people. Xiao San participated in the organization and leadership of this movement. During this period, he also wrote a more than 20,000-word paper entitled "A Joint Study of the Soviet Socialist Republics" on the basis of a social survey conducted in the SOVIET Union, which was published in the magazine "New Youth" on June 1, 1925. The article deals with the political, economic, cultural and organizational conditions of the Soviet state and describes the achievements of the victors of the October socialist revolution. In the summer of that year, Xiao San was transferred to the northern region and served as the secretary of the Zhangjiakou Prefectural Committee of the CPC, where he established and developed the party organization. In October, the second enlarged meeting of the Fourth Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing, and it was decided to establish the Northern Regional Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Executive Committee of the Communist Youth League. Li Dazhao was appointed secretary of the CPC Northern District CPC Committee, Chen Qiaonian was appointed head of the Organization Department, Zhao Shiyan was appointed Propaganda Minister, and Xiao San was appointed secretary of the Northern District Committee of the Communist Youth League. In the winter of that year, in order to oppose the criminal activities of the "tariff conference" and the "legal power conference" of the reactionary warlord government to deceive the people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people of the north set off a huge anti-Fengfeng inverted movement. Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan, Xiao San, Chen Qiaonian, and other organizations led the "Capital Revolution" movement in Beijing and participated in mass demonstrations in Beijing. During this period, Xiao San, alias Lin Bofu, frequently held public activities in factories and schools in Beijing, attracting the attention of the enemy. In order to divert the enemy's attention, the party organization published in the newspaper a news article entitled "Limbov fell into the sea and died while he was in the ocean." Since then, the name Limbov has ceased to appear. During this period, Xiao San, on behalf of the party and league organizations in the northern region, went to Tianjin, Tangshan, Taiyuan, and other places to investigate and inspect the work of the party and group organizations. Later, he wrote a long summary paper" "C.Y of the Year". On March 12, 1926, Japanese warships brutally shelled the defenders of Taku Pass, provoking the anger of the people of the whole country. Xiao San and Li Dazhao held a "National Anti-Japanese Congress" attended by people from all walks of life in Beijing on the 13th, and decided to hold a demonstration. On the 16th, the student parades of colleges and universities were suppressed by reactionary military police, which opened the prelude to the massacre. On the evening of the same day, Li Dazhao, Xiao San, and other responsible persons of the Northern District Party Youth League Committee immediately summoned more than thirty representatives of various colleges and universities in Beijing, the Student Federation, and the Beijing Municipal Party Department of the Kuomintang to attend an emergency meeting, and decided to convene a National Congress at Tiananmen Square and hold a demonstration. On March 18, Xiao San, together with Li Dazhao and others, participated in a national demonstration of more than 30,000 people, which was bloodily suppressed by Duan Qirui's government. This is the March 18 massacre that shocked China and foreign countries. In the autumn of the same year, Xiao San was transferred from the Northern District to Shanghai and served as the head of the organization department and acting secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League. Later, he participated in three armed uprisings of the Shanghai workers and was a member of the Central Special Committee and the General Headquarters of the Workers' Uprising. During this period, he attended the Third Enlarged Meeting of the Fourth Central Executive Committee of the CPC Central Committee and met with Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, who came from Guangzhou to Shanghai to attend the Central Committee. During the meeting, Mao Zedong gave him a detailed account of the peasant movement, the revolutionary regime and the peasant allies. From April 27 to May 10, 1927, Xiao San was one of 81 delegates to attend the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Wuhan. At the meeting, Chen Duxiu delivered a "Report on Politics and Organization" on behalf of the Central Committee. The report does not have a clear understanding of Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy to collude with Wang Jingwei to split the revolutionary united front after his defection in Shanghai, and also lacks understanding of the petty bourgeoisie's vacillation of the counter-revolutionary forces. In view of Chen Duxiu's right-leaning mistake in the united front, Xiao San, Cai Hesen, and others pointed out in their speeches: The weakness of the Chinese petty-bourgeois party (the Kuomintang) in the past and the vacillation of the present show that only the proletarian party is leading the revolution to the end and winning victory. Therefore, we should now adopt a resolute leadership attitude toward the petty bourgeoisie and the Kuomintang, and should not follow their wavering, hesitation, and tail. At the time of the election of the congress, Xiao San was nominated as a member of the Central Committee, but because the Central Committee had decided to send him to work in the Soviet Union before the meeting, and suddenly fell ill in the middle of the meeting, he took the initiative to submit a request to the Central Committee for not being a member of the Central Committee, and proposed that this quota be ceded to comrades working in the country. The Central Committee agreed to his own request. Then, together with Ren Bishi and Yun Daiying, he presided over the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Youth League.
In the summer of the same year, before Wang Jingwei's rebellion in Wuhan, because Xiao San was seriously ill and the situation was tight, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to send him to Moscow for convalescence. Under the meticulous arrangements of Qu Qiubai and Ren Bishi, he traveled from Wuhan to Shanghai and arrived in Vladivostok by a ship for students studying in the Soviet Union. At this time, when Wang Jingwei launched the July 15 counter-revolutionary coup in Wuhan, China and the Soviet Union broke off diplomatic relations, and he could not retreat, so he temporarily stayed in Vladivostok for convalescence and taught at the Far Eastern University to do the education of Chinese workers. He had intended to return to China to work after a month of convalescence, but unfortunately he fell again and caused a concussion, resulting in disability. At the end of 1928, with the help of Qu Qiubai, Xiao San went from Vladivostok to Moscow for recuperation. Soon after, he entered the Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow to study, and met with comrades Xu Teli, Lin Boqu, Dong Biwu, Wu Yuzhang, and He Shuheng who were studying there. Unable to continue his studies due to encephalopathy, a few months later he went to the International Revolutionary Movement To do the work of winning over the diaspora and to enjoy the third-class disability pension issued by the Soviet government. In the summer of 1929, Xiao San and ho Chi Minh met again in Moscow. The two old comrades fondly recalled the years of fighting side by side in Paris and their respective journeys in the future. In 1930, Xiao San's condition improved slightly, he was no longer willing to live on pensions, and with a sincere desire for work, he volunteered himself to be an associate professor of Chinese literature at the Moscow Oriental Academy, and from then on began to communicate with famous writers in the Soviet Union and foreign countries in the Soviet Union, and entered the international literary scene. In the autumn of that year, as the permanent representative of the Chinese Left-Wing Writers' Union in Moscow, he attended the International Conference of Revolutionary Writers in Kharkiv, Soviet Union, and delivered a speech on behalf of the Chinese Left League. After the meeting, he participated in the work of the International Revolutionary Writers Union and edited the Chinese edition of World Revolutionary Literature (later renamed International Literature). Zeng released two editions of the album Chinese. In 1933, Xiao San was admitted to the "Red Professor College of Literature", and quit a year later, specializing in literary creation. In August 1934, Xiao San attended the First Congress of Soviet Writers, met with Famous Writers and Poets such as Gorky, Zulafimović, Andiev, and delivered congratulatory speeches on behalf of the Chinese Left League. Later, with the approval of the CCP organization and introduced by Fadeyev, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and served as a member of the Party Committee of the Soviet Writers Association for two terms. During this period, for the needs of the revolution, he used literature and art as a weapon, using poetry as a "bullet and bayonet", and bravely stabbed the enemy in the chest. Through his literary and artistic works, he publicized the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, the Agrarian Revolution and its leading figures to the world, and wrote a large number of battle chapters such as poetry, prose, novels and reportage literature in the form of nationalities. In the years when the Chinese revolution was heavily blockaded at that time, in addition to the American journalists and writers Smedley and Snow who broke through all kinds of resistance and reported the real situation of the Chinese revolution to the world in the form of communication, it was Xiao San who first used poetry and other literary and artistic forms to publicize the truth of the Chinese revolution to the world. At the same time, he also maintained close ties with Lu Xun, wrote articles to introduce Lu Xun's life deeds and left-wing literature to the whole world, wrote "Lu Xun's Biography" and a long essay on Lu Xun's more comprehensive evaluation, "Lu Xun," which was published in the Soviet newspaper Pravda. He also translated some of Lu Xun's works and presided over the publication of Lu Xun's works. After the news of Lu Xun's unfortunate death reached Moscow, Xiao San immediately wrote an article and reported the painful news to the world in 5 languages. The Soviet Writers' Association held a solemn memorial meeting at the Writers' Club in Moscow, presided over by Fadeyev, and Xiao San gave a report on Lu Xun's life. Since then, he has organized many Commemorative Meetings of Lu Xun. In November 1934, Xiao San met Eva (Ye Hua), a German girl from Stockholm, Sweden, at the Soviet Writers' Retreat (Gagger on the Shore of the Black Sea), and the two fell in love and married at the end of the year. From entering the international literary scene to returning to China to participate in the War of Resistance Against Japan, Xiao San spent nearly ten years in the Soviet Union. His works published successively include: the Russian edition of the poetry collection "Xiangdi Collection", "Poems", "Several Poems", "Poems", "Supporting Soviet China", "My Destiny Is Like This", "A Collection of Poems of Ehuo Xiao", "Selected Poems of Xiao San" and so on. The above works have been translated into many languages around the world and have had a wide impact on the world. In the early 1930s, Xiao San also co-sponsored with Qu Qiubai, Wu Yuzhang, Lin Boqu, Guo Tiansheng, and the famous Soviet sinologists Yu Guofu and Shi Pingqing to promote The Latinized Northern Dialect among Chinese laborers in the Far East and Vladivostok. He participated in the conference of delegates to the New Latinized Script in the Far East, participated in the research and development of the Latinized Northern alphabet and the editing of the dictionary, and assisted in the publication of the New Script Newspaper. In the following decades, he actively advocated and participated in the mainland's new literary reform movement, and constantly publicized the Hanyu Pinyin program and Putonghua.
In the early spring of 1939, Xiao San, with the support of Ren Bishi, was approved by the Comintern to return to China. He arrived in Xi'an on March 25 and met with Comrades Lin Boqu, Deng Xiaoping, Deng Fa, and others who were there. During his work-study trip in Paris, he and Deng Xiaoping jointly ran a publication "Teenager" in the "Young Communist Party" organ. A month later, Xiao San, Deng Xiaoping and Deng Fa went to Yan'an in the same car and arrived in Yan'an on April 29. Mao Zedong was very happy to learn that Xiao San had returned to Yan'an, and that night he set up a banquet, and Deng Xiaoping was invited to accompany him. A few days later, on the evening of May 5, Mao Zedong made a special trip to Xiao San's residence to visit and talk about the past. They talked about "Chatting with Zai Zhiyi" from literary issues. On May 12, Xiao San was invited to Mao Zedong's residence for a meeting. Mao Zedong told Xiao San that the CCP held a meeting yesterday and decided to let him work in the Luyi Compilation Department. Xiao San showed Mao Zedong a copy of his recent manuscript. In mid-June, when Mao Zedong returned Xiao San's manuscript of poetry, he wrote a letter saying: "Comrade ZiHui: After reading the masterpiece, I feel that I am fighting, and now I need to fight, and now my life is all about fighting, and I hope you will do more." Once, Mao Zedong also said to Xiao San humorously: "There is very little ancient literature with the surname Xiao, and you have to fight for anger." In Yan'an, Xiao San successively served as the director of the compilation department of Lu Xun Art College, a member of the Standing Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and Yan'an Literary Association, the director of the Cultural Club, and a member of the Cultural Committee of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, and edited "Popular Literature and Art" and "New Poetry". Mao Zedong personally gave instructions for support and personally inscribed the inscription. A large number of young poetry writers gathered around him to grow. Older poets Zhu De, Ye Jianying, Dong Biwu, Xie Jueya, Wu Yuzhang, and Xu Fanting also often sent him works, and some even asked to join the poetry club. For a while, the street poems and recitations of poems in Yan'an were in full swing. In his busy and intense work, Xiao San also secretly created many poems, features and papers. He held up the poem "Bullets and Bayonets" and took part in the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of National Liberation. His "Lullaby Behind Enemy Lines", "Mr. Fan Ting, Presented to the Northwest of The Jin Dynasty", "Yan'an Carnival Night", and "Send chairman Mao to Chongqing" are all familiar poems. He not only threw himself into the battle with poetry, but also called on more poets to join the battle. He was featured in Poet, Rise! It reads: "Poet, poetry is comparable to bullets and bayonets!" "Call on everyone to go into battle. Xiao San's creation was strongly supported by Mao Zedong. For the convenience of his interview, Mao Zedong once lent him one of his beloved horses to ride, which was a very unusual thing. Read his new work in time. At the beginning of 1945, Xiao San participated in the Border Region Senate and labor model congress and wrote "The First Step - Returning from Participating in the Border Region Senate and Labor Model Conference", which was published in the Liberation Daily on February 20. On the same day, Mao Zedong read it and wrote a letter to Xiao San, praising his "First Step" for writing well and instructing him to do a good job in cultural work.
Publicizing Mao Zedong's life deeds and Mao Zedong Thought, starting from his return to Yan'an, was an important part of Xiao San's work. Since the spring of 1942, the Communist Party of China has carried out a rectification campaign throughout the party. In February, Xiao San listened to Mao Zedong's lectures on "Rectifying the Party's Work Style" and "Eight Shares of the Opposition Party." In order to closely link the study with the reality within the party, Wang Ruofei, head of the study group of the organs directly under the central authorities, asked Xiao San to report on Mao Zedong's life deeds at the meeting of cadres of the organs directly under the CENTRAL Committee, and he spoke for two afternoons in a row. From May 2 to 23, Xiao San attended the literary and art forum held by the CPC Central Committee in Yangjialing, Yan'an, attended by more than 80 writers, artists and literary and art workers, and discussed some important issues in literary and artistic work, especially the question of who to serve. At the meeting, Xiao San talked about his own views in connection with his own creative reality. He was greatly appreciated for his analogy of poetry to "bayonets and bullets". In the autumn of 1943, Ren Bishi solemnly instructed Xiao San: "Write a biography of Chairman Mao to celebrate his 50th birthday." Hu Qiaomu also strongly sponsored the matter. In order to write this book, they spared Xiao San some meetings. It was hoped to be completed in late December, but because Mao Zedong resolutely refused to do shou, the biography was not completed as scheduled. However, Xiao San visited many old comrades in Yan'an on this matter, including Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Dong Biwu, Lin Boqu, Xu Teli, Xie Jueya, He Long, Chen Yi, Luo Ruiqing, Cai Chang, Tan Zheng, Chen Zhengren, He Changgong, and Guo Huaruo. There are long talks and there are also phrases. Xiao San recorded all these materials and successively published some articles on Mao Zedong's revolutionary activities. The earliest publication was "Comrade Mao Zedong's Initial Revolutionary Activities", which was published in the Liberation Daily on July 1 and 2, 1944. At that time, the editors of the supplementary magazine, Ai Siqi and Zhou Libo, wrote letters to Xiao San separately before publication, encouraging them. As soon as the article on Mao Zedong's biography was published, it was warmly welcomed by readers. However, Mao Zedong sent several messages to ask Xiao San to stop writing about him personally. Finally, he personally advised Xiao San to write more about the masses. Before the Spring Festival Gala Lunch in 1945, Zhu De proposed to Mao Zedong that many senior generals and senior cadres who were studying in Yan'an at that time write down the origins and historical strategies of each Liberated Area. Mao Zedong strongly approved. Xiao San interjected, "That would be fine! Save me from jumping around alone. Mao Zedong listened, immediately turned around, stared at Xiao San, and said, "Then you are still a person with a heart!" From April to June 1945, Xiao San attended the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Yan'an. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Mao Zedong decided to fly to Chongqing at the invitation to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek. On August 28, Xiao San went to the airport to bid farewell with excitement, admiring Mao Zedong's fearless spirit and revolutionary courage of going deep into the tiger's den without regard for his personal safety. After returning from the airport, he wrote a passionate poem "Send chairman Mao to Chongqing." In mid-January 1946, Xiao San went to the headquarters of the Jinsui Field Army and on the 24th, together with He Long, took a car to Fengzhen to participate in the Armistice and Peace Talks between the Kuomintang and the Communists. He wrote a newsletter report, "War and Peace," exposing Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy to fake peace and talk about real war. On February 15, a feature "Comrade He Long in Jinsui" was published in the "Liberation Daily". On April 8, "Great Sorrow, Great Anger -- Mourning Comrades Wang, Qin, Ye, Deng Zhu and Mr. Huang Lao" was published in the "Liberation Daily". On May 28, he published "Guoshi Peerless - Yazi Yiyi to celebrate the sixtieth birthday of Mr. Liu Yazi". On June 18, "Commemorating the Eleventh Anniversary of the Martyrdom of Comrade Qu Qiubai" was published. At the end of November, "The Story of Commander-in-Chief Zhu" was published. At the beginning of 1947, he wrote an article for Xu Teli's 70th birthday: "Xu Lao is not old". From this time on, Xiao San appeared in the press and publishing circles as the first expert in the CCP to study mao Zedong's life. In January 1946, Xiao San gave a report to 1,200 young teachers and students in Zhangjiakou entitled "Learning from a Studious Man— Chairman Mao Zedong." In 1946, zhangjiakou published the first issue of the monthly magazine "Northern Literature and Art", and published "Biography of Comrade Mao Zedong" written by Xiao San. Later, the Xinhua Bookstore in Yan'an published Xu Zhizhen's "Impressions of Mao Zedong", and also included this "Biography" written by Xiao San as the first one in the book. On July 1, 1946, the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, Zhangjiakou's Jin-Cha-Ji Daily published "Comrade Mao Zedong in the Era of the Great Revolution" written by Xiao San, which was printed in red characters and occupied a full page. In late December 1946, the Party Committee of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region convened a meeting to celebrate Mao Zedong's 53rd birthday, and Xiao San made another report on Mao Zedong's life at the meeting. From 1946 to 1947, "Youth of the Times" published in the Liberated Areas of North China published "The Childhood Of Comrade Mao Zedong" and "The Youth Era of Comrade Mao Zedong" written by Xiao San. These articles were printed in a single edition or collected into pamphlets by the Liberated Areas at that time, and were widely circulated. At the same time, he also edited and published the folk song collection "China Has a Mao Zedong". At the same time, Xiao San also wrote many articles and poems promoting other revolutionaries of the older generation. In the years after the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art, Xiao San followed the direction of literature and art serving the workers, peasants, and soldiers, and created works selflessly in connection with the reality of the struggle. In May 1948, Xiao San accompanied Mao Zedong from Yan'an to Xibaipo, Pingshan, Hebei. When he was in Xibaipo, Mao Zedong used his walking time to walk and chat with Xiao Trio many times. Xiao San still collected material for his work on the biography of Mao Zedong. In the spring of 1949, Xiao San wrote the book "Comrade Mao Zedong's Adolescent Era", which was approved by Lu Dingyi, director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee at that time, and published in August of the same year. Because this was the first officially published biography of Mao Zedong written within the CCP, it had a great influence and was quickly translated into Japanese, German, English, Hindi, Czech and other languages for publication. An excerpt was made into French. The japanese translation of the book was changed to "Young Mao Zedong", which is quite distinctive.
As a bridge and messenger of peace between Chinese and foreign cultures, Xiao San was internationally famous as early as the 1920s. He had extensive contacts with international peace and progressives, and became acquainted with the French Communist Party theoretician Charlie Lapopo; the Vietnamese revolutionary Ho Chi Minh; the Bulgarian revolutionary Dimitrov; the Turkish revolutionary poet Hikmet; the American Smedley and Gordes; the French Romain-Roland, Aragon, and Babisé; The German Becher, Federich Hoorf; and the Czech Weiskopf; Matt Zarka of Hungary; Nariki Fujiyama of Japan; Gorky, Mayakovsky, Fadeyev, Zulafimović, Ostrovsky, Tolstoy of the Soviet Union, and many other famous writers, poets, and celebrities. His profound knowledge, high cultural attainments, multifaceted talents, and proficiency in Russian, French, German, English and other languages were extremely favorable conditions for him as a messenger of peace. In April 1949, Xiao San accompanied the Chinese delegation to defend world peace to Moscow to participate in the World Peace Congress, and as one of the leading members of the party group of the delegation, he began to engage in foreign affairs activities and foreign cultural liaison. In September of that year, he attended the first meeting of the Chinese Political Consultative Conference and was elected as a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. After that, he was assigned by the CPC Central Committee to Harbin to meet the Soviet cultural delegation led by Fadeyev, and accompanied the delegation to visit various places. On October 1, he ascended the Tiananmen Tower in Beijing to attend the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xiao Er was mainly engaged in defending world peace and promoting friendship and cultural exchanges among various countries. He has successively served as director of the Foreign Cultural Liaison Affairs Bureau of the Central Ministry of Culture, director of the China Foreign Literature Committee, executive director of the Chinese Association for Foreign Languages, member of the Chinese Committee for the Defense of World Peace, and deputy director general of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association. In July 1950, Xiao San accompanied the delegation of Chinese people to defend world peace to attend the World Peace Council held in Stockholm and was elected as the secretary of the Secretariat of the World Peace Council. During the meeting, he had many cordial conversations with the Chairman of the Council, Dr. Joliot Curie, an atomic physicist, and the famous poet Fadeyev, vice chairman, and established a deep friendship. In November of that year, he attended the Second World Congress for the Defence of Peace in Poland. At the beginning of the following year, Xiao San and Ye Hua went to Prague together, Xiao San was the secretary of the Secretariat of the Permanent Office of the World Peace Council, and his wife Ye Hua was a special correspondent of Xinhua News Agency in the World Peace Council. On January 27, Xiao San was invited from Prague to Moscow to attend the celebration of the 60th birthday of the famous writer Ehrenburg, and delivered a congratulatory speech on behalf of Chinese writers and Chinese readers at the conference. Later, he wrote an article titled "Old and Strong Ehrenburg – Remembering the Celebration of Ehrenburg's Sixtieth Birthday", which was published in the "Literature and Art Newspaper" published in February of that year. In the winter of that year, Xiao San traveled from Prague to Bucharest to present the World Peace Council Award to the famous Romanian writer Sadoviano on behalf of the World Peace Council. In October 1952, Xiao San returned to China to attend the "Regional Peace Conference for Asia and the Pacific" held in Beijing and addressed the conference. In December, he also attended the World People's Peace Congress held in Vienna. In the debates of the congress, he spoke on his own, translated it into Russian and French, and humorously quoted the ancient Chinese and Russian languages and the Hunan dialect, and put forward a proposal to denounce the "pen-headed war criminals", which was warmly approved and unanimously accepted. Many delegates shook hands and hugged him. After the meeting, Joliot Curie invited him to the famous Vienna Woods for a closer talk. On May 24, 1954, Xiao San attended the special session of the World Peace Council held in Berlin. In June 1955, he attended the World Peace Congress in Helsinki, Finland. In January 1956, he participated in the World Peace Council's awarding of the 1955 International Peace Prize to Qi Baishi, a famous painter on the mainland. In January of the following year, he visited India and Myanmar. In October 1958, he attended the Asian-African Writers' Conference held in Tashkent, Soviet Union. In May 1960, at the invitation of President Ho Chi Minh, he accompanied the Chinese delegation to Vietnam and was warmly received by President Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi. At the time of Ho Chi Minh's 70th birthday, in order to avoid others wishing for a happy birthday, Ho Chi Minh came to Nanning, Guangxi, and invited Xiao San to his place of stay to talk freely. As an internationally renowned cultural warrior and peacemaker of the Chinese people, Xiao San has traveled all over the world all year round and made important contributions to the Chinese proletarian literary and art movement, the struggle of the people of all countries in the world, and the cause of cultural exchanges
As early as the 1920s, Xiao San made up his mind to "use literature and art and poetry as a weapon to fight to the end for the victory of the Chinese revolution and for the communist ideal!" He himself said that he "stepped into the literary world with the spirit of 'revolutionary utilitarianism in literature and art'." After the founding of the People's Republic of China, as an outstanding soldier in the literary and artistic circles, he was elected as a deputy to the First and Second National People's Congresses, a member of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and a member of the Secretariat of the Chinese Writers Association. He also wrote numerous articles and poems in numerous ministries. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively published the poetry collections "The Road to Peace," "Song of Friendship," "Selected Poems of Xiao San," and "Fu Feng Ji," and so on; his biographical works include "Mao Zedong's Adolescent Age" and "The Story of Mao Zedong's Adolescence," and so on; his prose collections include "Characters and Memorials," "Xiao San's Collected Writings," and so on; literary treatises include "Gorky's Aesthetic View," and he also edited "Revolutionary Folk Songs" and "Revolutionary Martyrs' Poems," which are well received by the vast number of readers. He also closely adapted to the needs of the revolution, translating the famous German drama "Professor Mamen" and "The New Trojan Horse Plan", the famous Soviet drama "Glory" and "Frontline", the famous book "Lenin on Culture and Art", as well as some famous poems by Pushkin, Mayakovsky and Gorky. Xiao San's literary and artistic creations have always followed the principle of serving the workers, peasants, and soldiers and serving the cause of socialism. He once figuratively compared poetry to "bullets and bayonets"; he repeatedly preached the famous phrase "first party members, then poets". His creative method has always adhered to the direction of nationalization and popularization. Xiao San's revolutionary spirit of brave fighting and brilliant artistic achievements have won a lofty international reputation. Many internationally renowned literary artists and critics called him "the great poet of the world proletariat". As early as 1934, the famous Soviet critic Mustafidov, in a commentary entitled "The Poet of the Chinese Revolution - Xiao San", highly praised his poems, arguing: "In form it is truly national and proletarian, and the content of the poem is socialist." After commenting on the significance of the popularization of Xiao San's poems, he pointed out: "The role and significance of Xiao San's poems are not limited to China, but have international significance, he can make people feel angry and sad, and can inspire the world's laborers to struggle bravely."
In the early 1960s, after the rupture of Sino-Soviet relations, Xiao San, who had lived in the Soviet Union for a long time and joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, began to be treated with unfounded suspicion and injustice, which brought great difficulties to his work and creation. International exchange activities as messengers of culture and peace had to be completely suspended, and creation came to a standstill. In 1967, Xiao San, who was 70 years old and 45 years old in the party, suddenly came with bad luck. On June 23, Kang Sheng and Jiang Qing and their gang imprisoned Xiao San and Ye Hua on trumped-up charges. For 7 and a half years, they suffered in all kinds. But they adhered to their principles, waged a resolute struggle against the "Gang of Four", and laid down many abdominal manuscripts with blood and tears. But due to the cruel torture and serious illness, many chapters of the battle slipped from memory. Only 4 poems of "Poems in Prison", "Recounting Nostalgia in Prison" and "New Year's Day of 1972" have survived. In 1974, Xiao San suffered from toxic pneumonia and severe asthma in prison and went into shock. When Premier Zhou Enlai learned of this, he immediately instructed all-out rescue and personally sent valuable medicines to him, so that Xiao San could be rescued. Soon, Xiao San was released from prison, but still had no political rights and personal freedom. On January 8, 1976, Zhou Enlai unfortunately passed away, Xiao San and Ye Hua were grief-stricken, lost their voices and wept bitterly, and Xiao San, who was frail and sick, wrote three poems of "Mourning Premier Zhou Enlai with Great Sorrow". In October of the same year, the "Gang of Four" was crushed, and after 10 years of disaster, the old poet could not contain the joy in his heart, looked up and laughed, and sang loudly: "Sweep away the four evils, people's hearts are happy!" However, Xiao San and Ye Hua remained the subjects of dictatorship. Two years later, on October 25, 1978, Ye Hua wrote a letter to Hu Yaobang accusing them of persecution by the Gang of Four. Under the care of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in September 1979, Xiao San and Ye Hua's unjust case was rehabilitated. After Xiao San resumed his work, he insisted on writing while actively participating in various social activities despite his old age and infirmity. For three years, from 1979 to 1981, he often wrote with illness. In addition to compiling poem manuscripts for publication, he also wrote many poems and memoirs. Such as poems such as "Remembering He Shuheng Weng", "Crying Li Ji and Guo Xiaochuan", "Mourning Comrade Mao Dun", "Dedicated to Comrade Song Qingling" and so on. The memoirs include "Guarding Lenin's Side", "The March 18 Martyrs Are Immortal", "Fragments of Memories of My Youth", "Memories That Cannot Be Worn By The Years- and One-and-a-Half Days in "Dongda"", etc., all of which are works during this period. He handed over all the editing fees for the "Revolutionary Martyrs' Poems" he edited, and donated all the manuscript fees for the publication of the "Selected Poems of Xiao San" to the people in the disaster-stricken areas of Sichuan. Xiao San has been writing a diary since 1914, and for more than half a century, except for the "Cultural Revolution", when he was imprisoned for 7 years and forced to interrupt, he persevered for decades and wrote a diary of millions of words. This monumental work, following his master through many great changes in the 20th century, recorded many major news in the history of chinese and foreign revolutions in which he personally participated, and many precious historical materials and details cannot be found in other history books. Unfortunately, Xiao San had not yet seen his diary sorted out, and he went to sleep at 9:55 on February 4, 1983, at the age of 86.
