In the feudal era, the inferiority of male and female is far more serious than the difference between concubines, although there are no shortage of special cases where the status of a few concubines is higher than that of brothers, such as Princess Taiping, not to mention higher status than the brothers, that is, than the brothers, but in history, there is also a princess of the town, more than a man than a woman, a woman is inferior to a man, in front of the feudal lord, the son who can inherit the bloodline is definitely more valuable than the daughter of the concubine.
Especially in terms of inheritance of family property, even if it is a concubine, there is not much inheritance by the concubine, and some superstitious concubines prefer to use special cases to represent the mainstream, which is also ridiculous.
If special cases are used to represent the mainstream, is it possible to use Huo Xian to represent the han dynasty wives as inferior to maids? Can the concubine Chang shi represent that the wives of the Northern Dynasty are inferior to concubines? Does Lei Shangshu, who dares to accept bribes to do things for others by relying on her husband's favor, represent that the concubines of the Southern Dynasty are more honorable than their wives? And that Li Si'er, can it mean that the wives of the Qing Dynasty are inferior to a concubine?
Those are special cases, although they all replace their wives and are favored by their husbands, but they cannot be used to prove that the ancient concubines are more noble than the wives, because using special cases to represent the mainstream is not the right way to discuss the problem.
Since the previous part was accused of using the royal family as an inappropriate example, this article will take the family affairs of ordinary people as an example, and the following is a practical case to illustrate the ancient male superiority and female inferiority and lack of attention to concubines.
The first case, "Bingji Breaking Wealth", comes from the Western Han Dynasty, and this case is also a well-known case in ancient times, and has been included in the third volume of the "Prison Folding Turtle Book", the "Customs and General Righteousness" of the "Anon Wen Prison Law", and the "Quanhou Han Wen" volume 38.
When it comes to Bingji, readers with historical foundations will not know who he is, and this Bingji, also known as Bingji, is a famous courtier of the Western Han Dynasty.
Bing Ji studied the law in his youth, from the initial prison history of the State of Lu to the Ting Wei Prison, his most famous event was to protect the emperor's great-grandson Liu Yiji, and later from Yushi Dafu and Guannei Hou, he was named the Marquis of Boyang and the Marquis of Xiang by Emperor Xuan of Zhi'en Tu Bao, and was listed in the Qilin Pavilion.
When Bing Ji was serving as a court lieutenant, he once accepted a case of dispute over property, the case was as follows: Chen Liu was a rich man, over eighty years old (some say ninety) and childless, his wife only gave birth to a concubine, this old man was not willing to be without a queen, he took the Tian family daughter as a concubine, when in the cave room, "as soon as the handover, that is, desperate", cough cough, but this Tian woman is still pregnant, and in one fell swoop.
At this time, the rich man's concubine who had already married was unwilling, and she claimed that it was Tian Concubine who had an adulterous child, on the grounds that "my father was so old when he died, how could he possibly make Tian Shi pregnant in one night?" ”
Tian Shinu naturally wanted to refute it, just like that, the two sides had been arguing for the rich man's property for several years, but it had not been resolved, and the public said that the axiom was saying that the bo was reasonable, so it was troubled to the court lieutenant and handled by Bingji.
Bing Ji said to his subordinates: I heard that the children born to the old man are very cold-resistant, and there is no shadow in the sun, so I can try this case.
It was an August day, and Bingji found a few children who were the same age as the rich man Shuzi, and let them all take off their clothes and fruit, and the other children were not too cold, only the rich man's Shuzi shouted cold.
Bing Ji let a few of them stand in the sun, and the other children had shadows, but Shuzi had no shadow. Bing Ji decided the case and awarded the property of the rich man's family to shuzi to inherit, and the concubine also confessed to the crime of framing his brother's birth mother.
Although the way Bing Ji judged the case in today's eyes, some irresponsible, too light, but the ancients did not have paternity testing, they all believed in this statement, "History of the South" Xiao Yingchuan also recorded that Jingzhou Shangjin Zhang Yuanshi, 97 years old, there is no shadow, so although this way of judging the case is slightly strange, it also belongs to the basis of the ancients.
What can we see in this case? Naturally, in the feudal era, in terms of property disposal, there was a habit of inheritance between men over women, and in front of the difference between men and women, who told you about concubines?
The second case, "He Wu Seizes Wealth", is similar to the previous case, the same concubine bullied Shuzi when he was young, and was once included in volume 3 of the "Prison Breaking Turtle Book", the eighth volume of Yanming, the "Customs and General Righteousness" of the "Youwen Prison Law", and the "Quanhou Hanwen" volume 38.
He Wu, who presided over the case, was also a famous minister of the Western Han Dynasty, and successively served as a county commander, Yangzhou Assassin, Qinghe County Shou, Si Li Colonel, Jing Zhaoyin, Ting Wei, Yu Shi Dafu, Dasi Kong, and Fengfeng Xiang County Marquis.
It is said that there is a rich man in Pei County, with assets of more than 20 million, his wife only gives birth to one daughter, and he is not virtuous, and the concubine gives birth to a concubine, and when he is a few years old, this concubine suddenly dies, leaving only the concubine.
Faced with the death of his concubines, the arrogance of his concubines, and the greed of his son-in-law, the rich man saw that he was unable to protect his young son, so he summoned his people to publish his will: all property was inherited by the concubine, and only one sword was inherited by the concubine, but this sword was also temporarily kept by the concubine, and when the concubine was fifteen years old, the concubine would give him the sword again.
In this way, Shuzi was begging for a living under his sister-in-law's hands, and when he was fifteen years old, when he asked his sister for the sword left to him by his father, the greedy sister-in-law refused to give it to him.
At that time, He Wu happened to be serving as the Taishou of Pei County, and after listening to Shuzi's appeal, he summoned Shuzi's sister-in-law and brother-in-law, and also read the rich man's will.
He Wu said to the subordinate officials: This old man is really a wise man, seeing that his daughter has a strong personality and the son-in-law is greedy, he knows that even if he leaves the family property to the younger son, the younger son will not be able to keep it, and I am afraid that it will also harm the life of the younger son, so he left a will for the daughter to inherit the property, in fact, let the daughter be the administrator of the property, and guard the family property for the younger son.
If the old man really let his daughter inherit the property, he would not leave the sword to the younger son, because the sword represents determination, and then he set the age of the sword to his son to fifteen years old, because fifteen years old is enough to be self-reliant.
The old man also speculated from the character of his daughter and son-in-law that they would certainly not give the sword to the younger son, and the younger son who had no way to do so could only go to the officials, and if he was lucky and met a well-aware chief, his original painstaking efforts would inevitably be broken by the chief, and his true property distribution plan would inevitably be extended. Even if he encounters a confused official, at least his son is an adult and always has a sword in his hand.
Having said that,
He Wu couldn't help but admire the rich man, "How can any yong think strong and far away!" Therefore, he judged that all the rich man's family property was inherited by the concubine, and said that the "evil woman and evil son-in-law" had managed the rich man's family property for more than ten years, and the profit was enough, and he thought that she was raising her younger brother, so he would no longer pursue her for the crime of embezzling the family wealth.
At that time, when people talked about this case after tea and dinner, they were very convinced of the rich man's painstaking efforts and He Wu's clear judgment, because when he met He Wu, he did not let the rich man die blindly, and if he encountered a confused official, Shuzi was afraid that he would only have a sword.
Although from another point of view, the rich man seems to have a little affection for the concubine, but do you not know that it is the unskillfulness of the concubine that forces the rich man to deal with the inheritance of property so roundaboutly?
No matter what era, ancient or modern times, you as the eldest sister should not swallow property alone, right? Even if your father announces it, you don't consider the existence of your younger brother? Don't you even wonder if your father is testing your brother in your heart? You actually accepted it without hesitation, so how dare your father give his young son a birth? Therefore, the fate of the concubine is that the poor person must have something to hate, and the ancients did not deceive me.
The third case, "Three Points and Son-in-Law", occurred in the Northern Song Dynasty, and this case was included in both the Zhongding Gong Quotations and the Prison Turtle Book.
Zhang Yong, who presided over the case, was a famous courtier in the early Northern Song Dynasty, a retired official Privy Counsellor, a Rebbe Shangshu, known for his rule of Shu, and has a collection of essays, "Zhang Qiya Collection", it is said that the world's earliest paper money - Jiaozi, was invented by this Zhang Qiya, so he was known as the "father of paper money". This Zhang Qiya has a lot of allusions to the case, and if you are interested, you can go to see the "Prison Turtle Book".
The case of "Three Points and Son-in-law" is more similar to the content of "He Wu Seizes Wealth": a rich man in Hangzhou, sick and dying, his daughter-in-law has been married, there are only three-year-old children around, and the great family business does not know how to arrange.
After consideration, the rich man left a will for his daughter and son-in-law to manage the property, and when the younger son grew up, he would give him three-tenths, and the remaining seven-tenths would be given to his daughter-in-law.
When the younger son grew up, the daughter and son-in-law went to the official palace as promised to request the division of the rich man's industry, and Zhang Qiya knew Hangzhou at that time and accepted the case.
After reading the rich man's will, Zhang Qiya smiled and said to his son-in-law: Your old father-in-law is really a "Homo sapiens", his son is young, if it is not distributed in this way, I am afraid that the child will die in your hands if he does not grow up. The son-in-law was frightened and sweaty.
Therefore, Zhang Qiya divided the rich man's family property into ten points, seven points for the younger son to inherit, three points to the son-in-law, and the son-in-law and the brother-in-law all "wept and thanked away."
Why did He Wu inherit the property of the rich man by his younger son? But Zhang Yong still let her daughter and son-in-law inherit three points? What He Wu did was to uphold the law, to deeply observe people's feelings, and to award all his property to xiao'er and not to his daughters and sons-in-law, because it was better to punish them than to give the sword to his brother. Zhang Yong is also strict with the law, but at the same time, he also takes into account human feelings, giving his daughter and son-in-law three branches of the industry, in order to reward them for raising their younger brothers and dividing up the property as promised.
Whether it is He Wu or Zhang Yong, they all see that the father's expediency measures to save the life and family property of his young son are so decided, of course, this is also because in the minds of the ancients, men's inheritance rights are superior to women's reasons, which is in line with the mainstream consciousness of society at that time.
From these three cases, it can be clearly seen that in the eyes of the ancients, no concubine is as good as a handle, such as a reader who left a message saying"
According to an old local saying, Lao Tzu has a share of children and does not pay attention to what the identity of the mother is.
"This is the mainstream consciousness of the old clan, how many heads of the family can sit back and watch their sons being despised by their concubines?"
After all, for the ancients, a man is wealth, can shine the lintel, the daughter is also her husband's family, how many daughters in the world only care about the mother's family and do not care about the husband's family?
Of course, I am afraid that some people will say that when there is no son, the concubine must have a higher status than the concubine, otherwise there is no concubine with a high status, because of the identity of the wife.
In the face of such a realization, it is indeed speechless, and I can't understand what gives them the illusion that the status of a wife can be higher than that of a husband. How many men are willing to be subordinate to their wives? Could it be that feudal men are all rake ears? Most feudal women take their husbands as the sky, and you yourself are the private property of your husbands, not to mention others!
Therefore, women should cross or wear it before the Tang Dynasty, so that they have a loss of freedom and rights. In fact, don't dream through in the novel, what ancient times are not as good as modern times, that kind of male superiority and female inferior feudal society, what is there to wear?
That's it.
The image comes from the internet intrusion and deletion.
References: As shown in the text.
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