1.
On July 2, 1928, Sun Dianying, commander of the Twelfth Army of the Sixth Army of the Kuomintang, in the name of the exercise, secretly excavated the tombs of Cixi and Qianlong in Tanglin, took away a large amount of gold and silver treasures, and flew away.
The last emperor Puyi, who vowed that "this vendetta will not be repaid, not to love the descendants of Xinjue Luo", could only paint a "Killing Sun Dian Yingtu" to comfort himself in the end.
Sun Dianying made a fortune, and all kinds of warlords and bandits were hungry for their lives, and they looked at the Qing Dongling, and under the protection of the National Government, there were no accidents.
In 1934, with the support of Japan, Puyi became the emperor of the "puppet state of Manchukuo", in order to win over Puyi, the Japanese Kwantung Army forcibly stationed in Tanglin, assigned to the jurisdiction of "Manchukuo" Rehe Province, set up a Tanglin District Management Office here, and took the opportunity to establish the "Great Japanese Consulate in Malanyu" here, nominally guarding the ancestral mausoleum for Puyi, in fact, the Japanese have coveted the treasures of the Qing Dynasty Dongling for a long time, and such a fanfare is just a cover for them to expand their territory and wait for the opportunity to go south.
Tanglin Office Police Station set up dozens of guards, responsible for maintenance, protection, fire prevention and theft, take turns to guard the Qing Dongling, the time came to 1945, Japan surrendered, the devils left, the pseudo police dispersed, the Qing Dongling appeared an unprecedented unmanaged state, Zunhua, Jixian, Xinglong were occupied by the Kuomintang, the rural areas were managed by the Hebei Eastern Military Region, the Kuomintang launched a civil war, the main force of the Jidong Military Region marched into the northeast, the guards of the Qingdong tombs could only rely on the militia and public security assistants (equivalent to the vigilantes) who had been temporarily assembled. Some people cut down trees and destroyed buildings here, and the bold began to covet the treasures under the mausoleum.
2.
Bandit Wang Shaoyi is a Huangsongyu native near Xinglong County, when he was young, he built a mausoleum, at the age of 20, he followed Yang Zhanshan and Ma Futian, two bandit leaders, to rob the house, and later, the three-foot Ma Futian who coveted the treasures of Tanglin was beaten away by Sun Dianying, and Wang Shaoyi took a small group of bandits to wander in the junction of the three counties, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance, Wang Shaoyi, who was more than 40 years old, ended his life in the green forest, took his son to farm for a living, and played cotton to earn pocket money when he was idle, after the Japanese surrender, Wang Shaoyi, who followed Ma Futian to dig Dongling, was unsuccessful, Seeing the unguarded treasure, he began to stir again.
Wang Shaoyi knew that his own strength alone would not help anything, and he had to find helpers, so he found Yang Zhicao, who had both been a bandit and a pseudo-policeman, and was now mixed into the militia team, to do it together, and the two of them hit it off, and Yang Zhicao then took Jia Zhengguo, deputy village chief of Yuda Village, Guo Zheng , a public security assistant in the eighth district of Ji Zunxing United County in Jidong Sub-district, and a village assistant Ji Xin into the gang, calling on friends and friends, and quickly formed a tomb robbery team of dozens of people, and the last key person was the guide Guan Zenghui, who knew the entrance to the underground palace.
On September 23, 1945, the market in Malanyu Town, a group of people took the opportunity to enter the Dingling Tomb where the Xianfeng Emperor and Empress Sakda were buried, swept away the gold and silver treasures, and the group who tasted the sweetness immediately opened the two mausoleums of Dingdongling, the tomb of Cixi had long been stolen by Sun Dianying, Wang Shaoyi and others dug up ci'an's mausoleum, and dug up the 5 imperial concubine tombs between Dingling and Dingdongling, and then dug up the Xiaodongling Tomb of Empress Xiaozhuang.
In order to prevent the matter from being exposed, Wang Shaoyi and others bought off Zhang Duzhong, minister of enemy industry of the fifteenth sub-district of the Jidong Military Sub-district, who was fierce and fierce, had a great appetite, and simply looked down on Wang Shaoyi's chicken-and-dog-style tomb robbery method.
Every time the tomb was robbed, a guard post was set up five miles around the mausoleum, and the militia was sent to guard with guns, and in less than two months, all the others in the Qing Tombs except for the tombs were dug up, and the reason why the tombs of the tombs were able to escape the disaster was that according to folklore, the Shunzhi Emperor became a monk in Mount Wutai, and the underground palace here only buried a pair of shoes and a fan.
3.
In January 1946, Director Yun Guang, director of the Bureau, began to investigate, and Zhang Shuting, a secret agent of the military command, immediately reported it after receiving the news.
After the tomb robbery was exposed, it caused social shock, the tomb robbers scattered, Yang Zhicao and his hired guide Guan Zenghui were the first to be arrested, executed, Wang Shaoyi escaped with a gun, was captured 6 years later, sentenced to death, was shot on March 21, 1951, the most difficult to deal with is Zhang Duzhong, in 1946, after many investigations, military command agents learned of his whereabouts, in a small coal mine in Tangshan to capture him, in 1948, Zhang Duzhong died of illness in the Beiping District Court Detention Center, Jia Zhengguo and other 6 main criminals were also arrested and brought to justice one by one. On February 1, 1946, on the Chinese New Year's Eve of the lunar calendar, six of the main offenders were executed by firing squad.
At this point, the Theft of the Qing Dynasty Tombs should be over, but there is a key question that has not yet been answered, where did the stolen treasures go?
Many years later, Yun Guang, who led the investigation of the treasure theft case, wrote a memoir, memoiring the tragic situation after the theft and excavation of The Tanglin Tomb, in the Huiling Underground Palace of the Tongzhi Emperor and Empress Alut, the tongzhi Emperor's bones were only a handful of bones, the empress's body was not decomposed, but the clothes were stripped, lying in the coffin, the abdomen was cut open, the intestines flowed out, and there was a rumor that the empress died by swallowing gold.
Due to the large number of participants, in order to recover cultural relics, the principle at that time was that the first evil must be caught, coercion should never be blamed, and accessories would not be prosecuted as long as they handed over the stolen goods. In order to achieve a deterrent effect, more than a dozen accessories were accompanied when the 6 main offenders were shot.
After investigation, a total of 5 pounds of gold and 14 pounds of gold were confiscated from the tomb robbers (at that time, 16 two was a pound), as well as gold rings, small golden pagodas, green headdresses, snuff bottles, jade, jade, agate, jade, etc., about half a basin, pearls have a tea tray, these are just the tip of the iceberg, most of the jewelry relics have been sold, missing.
In this case, there was a fish that slipped through the net, and the tomb robber Zhang Sen handed over some cultural relics and then passed the customs in confusion, and then secretly took some cultural relics to Beiping to sell, and immediately confessed after being caught by the military commanders.
In 1949, he gathered a group of people to infiltrate the Qing Dongling Tomb to steal, and the Qing Dongling was again robbed, and after liberation, Zhang Sen was dealt with according to law.
4.
The first offenders, Wang Shaoyi and Zhang Duzhong, made the most profits, and Wang Shaoyi confessed that he had a total of more than 100 pieces, all of which were sold on the way to escape, one of which was Kangxi's snuff bottle, which was exchanged for 2 buckets of corn at the market, and one piece of Yu Ruyi was exchanged for 5 buckets of corn.
Most of these tomb robbers do not understand the cultural relics, nor do they know the value of the value, the family waits for the rice under the pot, many people are melons and dates are deceived by antique dealers, Liu Weilian divided a golden phoenix crown, and finally he smashed it flat as gold and sold it.
Zhang Shuting, a special agent of the military command, confessed that more than ten cultural relics were seized at Zhang Duzhong's office, and the one that impressed him the most was a golden dragon more than a foot long, which moved all over the body when held in his hand, like a living one, stolen from the Jingling Tomb of Kangxi and confiscated by the military command.
The military command set up the "Pingjin-Tangjun-Police-Constitution Joint Organization" to be responsible for the recovery of treasures, And Dai Kasa personally went to Beiping to guide him, and confiscated more than 800 cultural relics, which were divided up by Ma Hansan, director of the Beiping Civil Affairs Bureau, and Li Xiaoyu, chief of the military section of the Civil Affairs Bureau.
After liberation, Zhang Shuting changed his name and surname, lurked in Liu Beizhai Village, the fifth district of Zunhua County, and used the burden of selling groceries to cover his identity.
The number of participants in the second theft of the Qing Dynasty Tomb reached thousands, and almost everyone had a share, which showed that the number was amazing, in that era, it was difficult for the living to eat and eat, who still had the heart to pursue cultural relics!
Eventually, the treasures of the Qing Tombs were scattered and disappeared, leaving only ground buildings and empty burial chambers.