Figure (1): In recent years, the Long Island Marine Ecological Civilization Comprehensive Experimental Zone has continuously increased its ecological protection efforts, and the area is full of beautiful ecological island natural features. (□ reporter reported from Chunlong)
Figure (2): Weifang coastal landscape. (□ reporter Yang Xueying correspondent Yuan Yankui reported)
Figure (3): In the sea near the Shidao Management Area of Rongcheng City, the marine aquaculture area of Hongtai Marine Ranch floats above the blue sea. (□ reporting by Tao Xiangyin)
□ Reporters Chen Xiaowan and Zhang Wenting
On the shores of Bohai Bay, the estuary of the Yellow River is in full swing. On Dongying Xinhui Beach in the tail of the Yellow River, two national first-class protected birds, spoon-billed sandpipers, walk leisurely with petite and beautiful bodies. This scene is fortunate to be frozen in the image by photography enthusiast Sun Jie.
The spoon-billed sandpiper is critically endangered, with fewer than 200 surviving worldwide. "Bird friends" said that it is the good ecology of the Yellow River Delta that has attracted the care of various rare birds and become the "international airport" for birds. Today, the most complete wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone at the mouth of the Yellow River has become the world's largest breeding ground for the Eastern White Stork, the second largest breeding ground for black-billed gulls in the world, the second largest wintering ground for white cranes in the world, and the southernmost boundary for wild breeding of red-crowned cranes in China.
With more than 3,000 kilometers of coastline and 160,000 square kilometers of marine land, this is a strategic resource that the Shandong Peninsula is proud of. In March 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed during the deliberations of the Shandong delegation to the first session of the 13th National People's Congress that the ocean is a strategic place for high-quality development. It is necessary to accelerate the construction of a world-class marine port, a perfect modern marine industry system, and a green and sustainable marine ecological environment, and contribute to the construction of a marine power. This is a major political task entrusted to Shandong by the general secretary, marking the target positioning of Shandong's construction of a strong maritime province, and pointing out the direction for Shandong to build a strong maritime province.
The protection of marine ecological environment is the key to the sustainable use of marine resources. Guided by the requirements of the general secretary's important instructions, Shandong has placed the construction of marine ecological civilization in a prominent position, and in 2020, the proportion of excellent water quality in the coastal waters of the province will reach 91.5%, the results of marine ecological restoration will be highlighted, marine biodiversity will be gradually restored, the quality of marine ecological environment will be significantly improved, and the beauty of the blue sea and blue sky will further polish the "business card" of Shandong's marine ecology.
Land and sea co-ordination and co-governance——
91.5% of water quality in coastal waters
A bird's eye view of Laizhou Bay, along the coast sits a neat row of regional breeding gardens. This is a large ecological fence "Blue Diamond No. 1" and "Blue Diamond No. 2" developed by Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Products Co., Ltd. covering an area of 300 mu and confirming the right to the sea area of 220,000 mu.
The survival rate of aquaculture is more than 90%, and the yield of aquaculture is more than 50 kg /m3, but this is not the proudest place for Zhai Jieming, the head of the enterprise: "We have realized the efficient treatment of aquaculture tailwater, the comprehensive utilization of waste and the full circulation of regional water, and the bacterial content of the water body re-flowing back into the breeding pond after treatment is lower than the bacterial content in natural seawater, which is suitable for the growth of marine fish." ”
Shandong adheres to the overall management of marine ecology by fixing the land by sea, protecting the sea by land, and managing the marine ecology by land and sea, and strictly controls the discharge of land-based pollutants into the sea from the source. In 2019, Shandong organized the completion of the investigation of sewage discharges into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea areas. The factory circulating water treatment process in Zhai Jieming's mouth solves the problem of pollution caused by aquaculture tailwater discharge to the sea.
With the comprehensive victory in the battle to comprehensively win the battle of comprehensive environmental management in the Bohai Sea region, Shandong land and sea co-ordination extends the comprehensive treatment scope of the coastal sea area to the whole basin of the river entering the sea, and in addition to the 7 coastal cities, the four inland cities such as Jinan, Zibo, Dezhou, and Liaocheng are included in the scope of the Bohai Sea Offensive, forming a comprehensive management pattern of land and sea co-ordination, the whole sea area and the whole basin.
Dongying, the last stop of the Yellow River into the sea, is a typical plain city, with poor water fluidity, weak self-purification ability, and difficulty in improving water quality. In order to improve and improve the quality of the water environment in the whole region, Dongying last year introduced the city's key river water quality notification and supervision system, which warned the areas that did not meet the standard once a month, interviewed twice in two consecutive weeks or months, interviewed by the municipal government leaders in charge and the municipal discipline inspection commission for 3 consecutive weeks, and interviewed by the main leaders of the municipal government if they did not meet the standards within the month. Dongying, which ranked in the "bottom 30" of the country in terms of water environment quality at the end of last year, ranked first in the province and 7th in the country in terms of water environment quality improvement from January to August this year.
At present, Shandong has comprehensively ascertained the water quality and quantity of the sewage outlet into the sea, established a sewage path of "polluting unit - sewage channel - sewage outlet - receiving water body", and is making every effort to promote the classification and rectification of sewage outlets into the sea. "We issue the 'Progress of The Rectification of Sewage Discharges into the Sea in Shandong Province' every month, and establish the 'Red Flag' and 'Snail' lists to encourage the advanced and spur the backward to advance." Liu Peixue, director of the Marine Ecology and Environment Division of the Department of Ecology and Environment of Shandong Province, told reporters.
Shandong will incorporate the important indicators of marine environmental protection into the comprehensive assessment system for the high-quality development of the county economy, fully implement the bay chief system, the province has identified a total of 379 provincial, municipal, county and township four-level bay chiefs, hired 710 village-level bay managers, set up 244 public notice boards, and all 7 cities at the provincial level and coastal areas have started or completed the construction of the bay chief system information system, and the level of bay protection has been continuously improved.
"Through strengthening the overall planning of land and sea, precise policy, scientific management, regional linkage, and multi-departmental coordination, the comprehensive environmental governance battle in the Bohai Sea region has been successfully concluded, the bay chief system work mechanism has been deeply implemented, the synergy of marine ecological environment governance has been enhanced as never before, and the quality of marine ecological environment has been significantly improved." In 2020, the proportion of excellent water quality in the province's coastal waters reached 91.5%, of which 78.3% in the Bohai Sea area exceeded the target values of 88% and 75%. Song Jibao, director of the Department of Ecology and Environment of Shandong Province, introduced.
Make every effort to promote coastal zone restoration——
Marine life such as white porpoises and whales appear frequently
Who says saline land can't grow an oasis?
Driving on the tide-proof dam of Weifang Binhai Economic and Technological Development Zone, the sea outside the dam is rippling with blue waves, and the willows inside the dam are lush. This 7-kilometer-long, 300-meter-wide tamarind forest, like a green streamer embedded in the blue seashore, has changed people's impression of saline wasteland.
The coastal area of Weifang City on the Bohai Coast has a strong salinization area of 381 square kilometers, the ecological environment is fragile, the cost of greening is high, and the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land is difficult. It's hard to find a way! In October 2017, weifang city began construction of the national "South Red And North Willow" ecological project coastal demonstration forest project, planting the "Lu Tao No. 1" independently researched by the Shandong Academy of Forestry. Today, the first plants of Tamarix are as tall as 3 meters on average, and the tallest one has grown to 5 meters.
In recent years, Shandong has continuously increased the intensity of marine ecological restoration, adhered to both protection and ecological remediation, adhered to problem-oriented, and paid attention to scientific restoration. Implement the Bohai Sea Offensive Marine Ecological Restoration Project, with a total of 4676 hectares of coastal wetlands and 63 kilometers of shoreline, exceeding the 3800 hectares of coastal wetland restoration targets and 22 kilometers of shoreline shoreline beach remediation targets determined by the bohai sea comprehensive management battle. The ecological functions and biodiversity of the coastal marine have been significantly improved, the marine disaster prevention and mitigation capacity in the region has been continuously improved, and a long-term mechanism for marine ecological restoration has been gradually established.
The coastal ecology is good, the old friends who have been away for a long time have returned, and the famous new friends have visited——
Rizhao's withdrawal from the port and return to the beach not only restored the 1882-meter ecological shoreline, but also formed a 10-kilometer high-quality sandy shoreline with "Longshan Tsui" as the leader and "Hailong Bay" as the dragon's tail, adding 460,000 square meters of beach area, and the water quality of the surrounding sea area has also been raised to the national seawater class II standard. Nowadays, bird's eye view of the sea area of Rizhao Shiusu, on the rolling waves, flocks of seagulls chirp, large turtles, finless porpoises, white dolphins and other marine protected animals that have not been seen for many years have returned, and the marine ecological function and biodiversity have improved significantly.
Long Island implements "retirement and return to the reef", algae such as macrophylla and sea lotus are re-filled on the coast, marine life such as white finless porpoises and whales appear frequently, traditional fish resources such as wild sea treasures such as abalone and Bohai knifefish are restored to varying degrees, the number of migratory birds such as eastern white storks, yellow-billed egrets and goshawks is significantly higher than in previous years, and species such as Northern Sea lions, black swans, and sea turtles appear for the first time.
Dongying has "retired and returned wet" more than 400,000 mu, the "red carpet" landscape of coastal wetlands has reappeared, and the ecosystem functions of coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta region have been continuously improved. At present, there are 1630 species of wild animals in the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, and the number of birds has increased from 187 to 371 when the district was established, of which 25 species of birds are protected at the national level, 65 species are protected by the state, and the number of 38 species of birds exceeds 1% of the global total, and more than 6 million birds breed, winter and migrate here every year.
From the perspective of the whole province, with the continuous improvement of the ecological environment, the conservation of biodiversity has achieved remarkable results. Among them, the diversity of marine species includes 125 species of phytoplankton, 105 species of zooplankton, 199 species of benthic animals, 60 species of intertidal organisms, 108 species of fish, 47 species of crustaceans, 8 species of cephalopods, 6 species of reptiles, 66 species of birds and 14 species of mammals.
Ecological advantages into development advantages——
"Blue Carbon" is turning into "real money"
The Sunshine Coast Greenway in Rizhao Shanhaitian Tourist Resort is like a "green ribbon" integrated into the landscape, and the 28-kilometer Sunshine Coast Greenway and the 33.8-kilometer Mountain and Sea Style Greenway will string out a Sunshine Coast boutique tourism industry cluster by "mountain-sea linkage" and "string scenery into chains" of Rizhao's eastern coastal tourism resources and northern mountain tourism resources. "During the National Day period, our resort received 975,000 tourists, exceeding the level of the same period before the epidemic, with the highest number of tourists exceeding 200,000 on a day." Yu Bing, member of the Party Working Committee and deputy director of the Management Committee of shanhaitian tourist resort, told reporters.
In the Tamarix forest in the coastal area of Weifang, Shandong Taolin Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. planted "desert ginseng" cistanche under the forest. Cistanche and tamarind grow in symbiosis, with an average yield of 1,200 jin per mu, and the output value of fresh products can reach more than 12,000 yuan, and the output value of mu after deep processing can reach more than 50,000 yuan. "The harvest period for cistanche is from the beginning of April to the end of June, during which at least 200 people are employed every day, and the number of workers continues to increase as the scale of planting expands." Zheng Aimin, general manager of Taolin Ecology, introduced that more and more local people are involved in the sowing, management and harvesting of cistanche, and a single labor force can increase its annual income by more than 10,000 yuan.
From land to sea, Shandong is incorporating ecological benefits into the economic and social development evaluation system, measuring the sustainable development of the economy and society from a longer-term perspective, and the More than 3,000 kilometers of the Côte d'Azur is glowing with new vitality.
From the policy level, the "Shandong Provincial Marine Environment Quality Ecological Compensation Measures" were issued to explore the establishment of a marine ecological compensation mechanism. "Bring the compensation (compensation) for water quality in the sea area and the compensation for the control of pollutants entering the sea into the scope of ecological compensation, and link the effectiveness of marine environmental governance with economic interests in accordance with the principle of 'polluters paying and protectors receiving compensation'." Up to now, a total of 103.47 million yuan of ecological compensation funds for marine environmental quality in relevant cities have been calculated and issued, which has effectively promoted the implementation of the main responsibility of marine ecological environmental protection in various cities. Cui Fengyou, deputy director of the Department of Ecology and Environment of Shandong Province, introduced.
Judging from market feedback, under the goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", the invisible and untouchable "blue carbon" is becoming "real money and silver". Weihai Changqing Marine Science and Technology Co., Ltd. mainly cultivates algae shellfish such as kelp and dragon's whiskers, and has built a national marine ranch demonstration area of 100,000 mu of kelp and crony aquaculture, with an annual carbon sequestration of about 425,000 tons. On August 10, Rongcheng Rural Commercial Bank issued a "marine carbon sink loan" of 20 million yuan to it. The loan was pledged by the bank based on the carbon emissions trading price of the national carbon emissions trading market on that day.
Located in the Marine Ecological Protection and Restoration (Blue Carbon) Experimental Base in Weihai Nanhai New Area, engineers from the Weihai Blue Economic Research Institute study the growth of more than a dozen plants such as alkali pon, tamarix, and salt horn grass every day. "Every plant here carries the big mission of 'blue carbon'. Our job is to study the growth habits of plants with strong salinity tolerance and carbon sequestration ability, so that they can survive in the seaside saline wetlands and become a blue carbon industry that can be promoted by society and help carbon neutrality. Zhao Mingbo, president of the Weihai Blue Economic Research Institute, said.
People do not live up to Qingshan, and Qingshan will certainly not live up to people. Shandong actively embraces the ocean, protects the ocean, develops the ocean, and actively cultivates a green and sustainable marine ecological environment. The water is clear, the shore is beautiful, the fish and gulls are gathered, the people and the sea are harmonious, and a beautiful and moving ocean picture slowly unfolds.
(□ participated in the writing of Jia Ruijun, Li Ming, Li Guangyin, Ding Zhaoxia, Tao Xiangyin)