Learn from Guan Gong, practice great fortune, worship Guan Gong, and form a good relationship
Guan Gong worship, and another important symbol is the construction of the Guandi Temple, commonly known as the Chengde Wu Temple, on the right side of the main gate of the Chengde Summer Resort. Located in the depths of the Yanshan Mountains in the northeast of Beijing, about 250 kilometers southwest of Beijing, the summer resort was built in 89 years before and after the peak of the Qing Dynasty. Spending a lot of manpower and financial resources to build a summer resort, its purpose is not just to cool off the heat and enjoy the pleasure. To the east and north of the mountain village, in order to unite the ethnic minorities in Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, and other places, the Qing Dynasty government used religion as a means to implement the policy of teaching the ethnic minorities and not being easy to follow their customs, and modeled on the famous monastic system of the fraternal ethnic groups and successively built 12 Lamaist temples collectively called the Outer Eight Temples, with the purpose of strengthening the imperial court's management of the minority areas in the northern, western, and southwestern frontiers, which had the political significance of consolidating border defense, and here was like another political center of the Qing Dynasty at that time. We can learn from the fact that Liang Guozhi, a scholar of Dongge University, was ordered to write a temple monument for this Guandi Temple to understand the painstaking political intentions of the Qing government. The inscription reads: Qianlong 44 May on the personal interpretation of the dian, is the month, fu zhao co-founded university scholars, Shang Shu Ying Qi Waiter lang and Yan rebuilt the Li main gate right Guandi Temple, changed the yellow tiles, the temple is revered, and the regulation is prepared. But the ancients must first build a temple to establish a country, so dingmin zhi is also an eye and ear. Chengde is close to Saiyuan, and the previous generation of vocal teachings is not reached. The border pass of the rogue, not to see the tongdu Dayi Li Le Wei Yi is not a day.
Our country is ahead of the Chinese people, Maigu is ahead of the curve, from the Holy Ancestor Zhaoqi Mountain Villa Chengdu Chengyi, Chaozong Spoke, the Same Congress. In the past forty-five years, our emperor has opened up more than 20,000 miles of territory. From the Mongol princes, Khalkha and Siwei Lat, Huibu zhuan, etc., they all devoted themselves to their subjects. The courtiers ran and prostrated themselves to enjoy the court. Therefore, Chengde became a metropolis outside the ancient North Mouth, and the spirit of the mountains and rivers was contained in the ancient and originated in the present. Or heaven has the Heavenly Son, the Sound of Mao Ling, the Thin Words Shock, and the One Who Does Not Shake The Stack. Husbands make ceremonies to respect the people, and temples are built to be people's sincerity. The Guandi Temple is worshipped all over the world, and all provinces, provinces, prefectures, and counties have built statues, guarded the land officials, and exhibited the Gurudwara at the age, and the ceremony regarded the Temple of Literature. In the case of Chengde, hundreds of miles away from the Beijing Division, the sun and the moon are coming, the Chinese and foreign countries are looking at, and the temple appearance is complete, and it can be seen that the country praises loyalty and righteousness, and the great name of the gang is often named. It can make it easier to see and hear from near and far, and move its strict and powerful spirit. Although the construction of this time shared 5,893 silver, the new temple was completed, the wen and martial officials were xianxi, and the pilgrims of the Mongolian foreign domain also showed their courtesies to defer the sincerity of the gods and serve the religion; With the prosperity of ZhaoWende martial arts. It is clear that the Guandi Temple is functionally the chief protector of the Outer Eight Temples, although it is not large, but because its location is closer to the mountain villa than any other temple. Such a close proximity to the main entrance of the palace illustrates its special significance. The cult of Emperor Guan, an indispensable spiritual pillar of the Qing Dynasty, gradually evolved into a god of national unity and flourished.
Another manifestation of the Qing Dynasty's worship of Guan Gong was the publication of various books with themes such as guan yu's apparitions and sacred relics, forming a rich Guan Gong culture. Although this kind of reading was not the first of its kind in the Qing Dynasty, it was the most abundant in number and variety in the Qing Dynasty. For example, the Annals of Emperor Guan compiled by Ke Rulin, the chronology of The Emperor of Guansheng compiled by The disciples of Chongde, and the chronology of emperors of Guansheng compiled by Zhang Zhen. The most comprehensive representative of this type of reading is the 21st year of the Qianlong Qing Dynasty engraving Guan Dizhi and Guan Di's holy relics. The former has four volumes, including biographies, chronology, lineages, examinations, art and literature, etc., which are written in full accordance with the style of the Zhishu, and can be called the first character chronicles of ancient times; The Sacred Relics of Emperor Guan were originally called the Complete Collection of Sacred Traces of the 5Thun Emperor of Guan, and the first inscription was Hu Qi, the Ming Dynasty Jia and Long years, and Fang Ying searched for the poetry of Hai Nei between Wanli. During the Kangxi Dynasty, Lu Zhan, because of his family collection of old books, studied and illustrated, in order to collect them. In the 32nd year of the Kangxi Dynasty, yu Chenglong, the governor of Hedao, raised funds to pay for it. The wide circulation of such books greatly promoted the guandi worship movement, in which the circulation of supernatural stories popularized Guan Yu's beliefs in the folk. There is no material to say whether the private school at that time regarded such books as required books, but it is certain that the believers living in each Guandi Temple would rely heavily on these things to educate the people, and they were the main force in spreading the Culture of the Guandi.
Another means of communication played a crucial role in the Manchu worship of Guan Gong, that is, opera. With the birth of Peking Opera after Huiban entered Beijing, in addition to the birth, dan, net, end, and ugly, there were special professions that specialized in performing Guan Gong opera. Although the image of the red-faced Guangong, which shows public loyalty, has long been fixed in the Yuan Dynasty, the protagonist of the so-called loyalty drama of the Qing Dynasty was supported by the red-faced Guan Gong. The dissemination function of opera can be called low cost and the largest profit, tens of thousands of urban and rural town stages across the country, I don't know how many Three Kingdoms plays are staged, and the audience cannot be counted. The Manchu Qing used opera to educate the people, reflecting on the stage that the Three Kingdoms opera was extremely active, and its symbol was the appearance of the three kingdoms of the Three Kingdoms called Dingzhi Spring and Autumn. It is a collection of operas compiled by Prince Yunlu of Zhuang Ke at the behest of the Qianlong Emperor, and although it is known as the whole book of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it actually highlights the orthodox status of shu han, and it mainly shows the allusions of shu han. Since its compilation, it has often evolved. According to incomplete statistics, the Three Kingdoms opera on the Manchu Qing opera stage is the most popular repertoire, and the Three Kingdoms opera in Peking Opera alone is as many as 148, of which there are more than 20 with Guan Gong as the protagonist. In the Qing Dynasty, there were not only many Guan Gong plays, but also because he was promoted to the rank of saints, many taboos arose, such as when compiling the Spring and Autumn Period of the Ding Dynasty, whenever guan Yu's name was encountered, he could not write straight, and he had to avoid it, and changed Yu's feather from the original three strokes to two points. Others call guan gong himself and say guan mou. Although this is not reasonable in reason, from the Qianlong year to the present, the opera circles have followed the same old habits. Not only in the opera world, but even when the Emperor and Empress Dowager Gui were watching the Guan Gong opera, as long as Guan Gong was on the stage, / the Emperor and the Western Empress would both leave their seats and pretend to walk a few steps before they sat down.