Worship Guan Gong, forge good fortunes, learn from Guan Gong and practice good fortune
The Guandi Temple in Jingshan Park was recently opened to the public and held the "Guandi Cultural Exhibition", which attracts many tourists every day. Relying on the original architecture of the Guandi Temple in Jingshan, the exhibition shows the history of the Guandi Temple in Jingshan, the legendary experience of Guan Yu, and the formation and influence of The Guandi culture through rich historical data and related documents.
However, in the third part of the "Guandi Sacrifice Special Exhibition" of the East Temple, "The Origin of Sacrifice", there is a regrettable omission. Originally, it was supposed to be "Guan Yu was sealed by successive emperors, from 'Hou' to 'Sheng'", but the exhibition board was written "from 'Hou' to 'Sheng'"...
How "Hou" became "Hou"
Jingshan Guandi Temple, also known as Huguo Zhongyi Temple, is located in the northeast corner of Jingshan Park. The Guandi Temple was originally a two-fold courtyard, and the existing building follows the regulations of the Qing Dynasty.
At present, the main hall of the "Guandi Cultural Exhibition" being held at the Guandi Temple is the "Partial Demobilization Exhibition exhibition of the Guandi Temple," which restores the statues of Emperor Guandi, statues from gods, offering tables, and other sacrificial supplies recorded in the archives of the Qing Guangxu period; the West Hall is the "Special Exhibition of the Legends and Cultural Inheritance of Guandi," which is divided into three parts: "Deductive Legend," "Perpetual Inheritance," and "Ze Was Surrounded by the Four Seas," introducing Guan Yu's Gaishi Qigong, Tianjian Zhongguo, Righteous Ren Yongxin, Baishi Liufang, and the World's Admiration; the "Special Exhibition of Royal Guandi and Guandi Sacrifices" in the East Hall is divided into "Dynastic Worship." The three parts of "Guandi Weiyi" and "Sacrifice Yuanyuan" reveal how the successive dynasties built the Guan Temple in the Imperial Palace, how to praise Guan Yu's loyalty, benevolence, and courage, and how the emperors of the past dynasties added a plaque to Guan Yu and gave plaques to the imperial book.
The omission of Guan Yu's "sealing from 'Hou' to 'Sheng'" appears in the chart of the third part of the "Special Exhibition of Royal Guandi and Guandi Sacrifices" in the DongbeiDian ,"Successive Dynasties Sealing and Worshiping as Saints". This chart arranges the different titles of 17 emperors of the Eastern Han, Sui, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties for Guan Yu, depicting the evolution of Guan Yu from "Hou" to "God" to "Sheng" step by step. From the chart listed in the exhibition, it is not difficult to see that Guan Yu is "sealed from 'Hou' to 'Sheng'" instead of "from 'Hou' to 'Sheng'".
Although the words "Hou" and "Hou" are only one "vertical", the meanings are completely different. The Modern Chinese Dictionary interprets the character "Hou" as follows: 1, the second class of the feudal fifth rank title; 2, generally referring to the dignitaries and nobles, such as Houmen like the sea. The interpretation of the word "waiting" is: 1, waiting, such as waiting for the bus, waiting for the doctor; 2, greetings, such as greetings; 3, refers to the situation that changes at any time, such as "time", "climate", "fire" and so on.
In addition, the origin of these two words is also completely different. The character "Hou" has appeared in the oracle bone, the oldest mature script in China, the oracle bone "Hou" character from "factory" from "ya", "factory" is the cliff, "ya" is the arrow, "Hou" character means hunting on the cliff, and the original meaning of the word is "arrow target". The appearance of the word "Hou" is much later, and "Hou" was first seen in XiaoZhuan, which is a shape sound word, from the person, Hou Sheng. It means that people look at and observe the target of the arrow, and prepare to shoot the arrow.
Why guan Yu was twice enfeoffed
In April of the fifth year of Jian'an (200 AD), Cao Cao's Eastern Expedition, in the Battle of Guandu, Liu Bei broke away from Cao Cao and defected to Yuan Shao, leaving Guan Yu to guard Xia Pi. Guan Yu was besieged and surrendered to Cao Cao, and was worshipped by Cao Cao as a partial general. Yuan Shao sent the general Yan Liang to attack Liu Yan, the Taishou of Dong Commandery (東郡太守) stationed in Baima, and Guan Yu killed Yan Liang before the Wanma army, and in the First Battle, the siege of Baima was lifted, and Cao Cao declared Guan Yu the "Marquis of Hanshouting". In fact, a small "Tinghou" was just one of Cao Cao's tricks to win Over Guan Yu. The Marquis of the Han Dynasty was divided into counties, townships, Tinghou and Guannei Marquis according to size, in addition to the distinction between honor and inferiority, the size of the fiefdom was also different, if calculated according to a pavilion of ten miles, the status of "Tinghou" was not very high.
Guan Yu was given the title of Marquis for the second time after his death. In the twenty-first year of Jian'an (214 AD), Guan Yu town guarded the five counties of Jingzhou, and in the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219 AD) the Northern Expedition to Cao Wei, flooded the Seventh Army, captured in the forbidden, beheaded Pound... Reach its military peak. However, it also caused an emptiness in the rear of Jingzhou, causing the Eastern Wu general Lü Mengbai to cross the river to attack Jingzhou, and Guan Yu defeated Maicheng and eventually died of depression. In the third year of Shu Jingyao (260 AD), Liu Chan, the lord of the Han Dynasty, posthumously honored Guan Yu as the "Marquis of Zhuangmiao".
However, there has been controversy in history about whether the title of "Marquis of Zhuangmiao" is a beautiful or evil one.
Because "Miao" has a false and deceitful meaning, the Yi zhou Shu Tan Fa Xie also has the words "Wu but not Sui Zhuang" and "Name and Reality Shuang Yue Miao", so it is believed that Zhuang Miao Hou "is not a jia name". But some people also believe that the ancient "Miao" is "Mu", and Mu has the meaning of beauty and purity. However, it has been suggested that the word "Miao" is not "Mu" but "fallacious". Even the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty thought that "Zhuang Miao" was not a good title: "Guan Di Li Fu Yan Han, Zhi Jie Ran, Chen Shou wrote zhi, and had many private opinions." Is it true that history is cun, that it is ridiculed, that it is sent by a messenger? He demanded that Guan Yu's nickname be changed to "Zhongyi".
How many Guandi temples are there in old Beijing
As early as the Southern Dynasty Chen Deposed Emperor Guangda (567-568 AD), Guan Yu had a special shrine, that is, guan yuquan temple in Danyang County, Hubei Province. Since then, Guan Yu has been continuously elevated, and the number of temples has been increasing. By the Yuan Dynasty, there was already a saying that "the shrine of the righteous and courageous Wu'an King was all over the world". After the Yuan Dynasty, Guan Yu's Temple also jumped from the original Guan Wang Temple and Guangong Temple to the Guan Di Temple. In the fourth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1665), Guan Yu was honored as a "master" and was called Confucius. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Guan Yu was posthumously honored as "Martial Saint" and Confucius and revered as "Wen wu two sages". By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Guan Gong was even crowned by the Guangxu Emperor with a length of 24 characters: "Ren Yong Wei Xian, Protector of the Country, Protect the People, Sincere Appeasement, Yi Zan Xuande's Loyalty to The Divine Martial Guansheng Emperor".
Guan Yu was not only praised and sought after by successive rulers, but also the folk god of wealth. Many places have customs such as the 13th day of the 5th lunar month (another saying is June 24) Guan Yu's birthday sacrifice or the god of wealth. In the fifteenth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1750), the "Whole Map of the Capital City" was marked with 1272 temples, of which 121 were Guandi Temples; in 1928, when the beiping special city temples were registered, a total of 1631 temples were registered, of which more than 280 were Guandi Temples.