Character business card
Shi Mengyi, born in August 1987, is a native of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou. He graduated from the Department of Archaeology and Museology of Chongqing Normal University in 2013 and joined the Hangzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in the same year. Now he is mainly responsible for field excavation and archaeological exploration in Hangzhou.
Zhejiang Online-Hangzhou Channel, August 6, 2019 (Zhejiang Online Reporter Huang Tiantian) At 10:30 a.m. on August 4, 2019, an archaeological site in Hangzhou City was like a "big steamer" under the scorching sun, and Shi Meng, the project leader of the Hangzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, was leading the workers down to explore the square to excavate and clean up the rammed earth layer several meters deep.
At a glance, there is no shade in this nearly 10,000-square-meter construction site, only a few simple awnings made of black veil, which can temporarily shade the fiery daylight.
This archaeological site is close to Hu Xueyan's former residence and is located in the ruins area of Deshou Palace in Lin'an City during the Southern Song Dynasty in Hangzhou, which is currently one of the largest archaeological excavation and exploration areas for cultural relics in the main urban area of Hangzhou.
Deoksugung Palace site excavated panoramas and remnants of canals and sluices in 2005-2006
Excavations at the Deoksugung Palace site in 2010 revealed the remains of a platform foundation and drainage ditch in Hangzhou
Since the archaeological team entered the site in 2017, thousands of square meters of exploration have been laid out, and this archaeological excavation is to find the historical materials of the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial Palace, which historians have deduced is likely to find the "Little West Lake" built by Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty.
"Archaeological excavations of 6,500 square meters have been completed and some new discoveries have been made. It is planned to complete the next 2,000 square meters of excavation and exploration works by November. Shi Mengyi said. Since the archaeological construction period must be completed before the urban infrastructure, as the urban development accelerates, archaeological exploration and cultural relics excavation work is also heavy. Under the pressure of the tight schedule, even on high temperature days, you must insist on working.
A straw hat is the only sun protection piece of equipment for the archaeologists. Archaeologists are exploring the square with a tool shovel, carefully looking for possible historical clues. On the sunburned face, sweat quickly dripped into a curtain of water.
"Staying in the probe for a long time, the most likely to appear is chest tightness, because the excavation site is relatively low-lying, very hot flashes, and at a high temperature of 40 ° C, the test temperature in the probe can even reach 75 ° C." Shi Mengyi told reporters, "Heat stroke is also commonplace, sometimes one second before the work and the next second like a wooden stick fell to the ground." ”
"There is a saying that you can't suffer hardship, and you can't test the ancients." We have to work more than 330 days a year, 365 days a year, and every summer and winter are the most difficult times. Shi Mengyi said.
In the future, after the excavation of this archaeological site is completed, it will be connected with Qinghefang Pedestrian Street and become part of the historical district that reproduces the urban style of the ancient capital of the Southern Song Dynasty in Hangzhou. And these archaeological achievements, which are soaked with countless sweat, will provide a historical basis for the cultural protection of Hangzhou and lay the cornerstone for urban planning and construction.
Every beam and tile has to go back to the Southern Song Dynasty, and they are reproducing Deoksugung Palace
Source: Hangzhou Daily 2022.1.7
Pay attention to the opening line
History has turned a new page, and we have ushered in a new year. From now on, this newspaper will launch the "Fengya Song" edition - we will pursue the brilliant artistic spirit with readers, taste the "elegant everywhere is ordinary" lifestyle and timeless life aesthetics, explore the heavy historical charm, let the millennium Song rhyme flow, pass it on, and pay tribute to traditional Chinese culture.
Sheng Tang Long Song. The "Long" here is The Chinese style and cultural atmosphere. We will search for the people closest to the Song Yun culture and tell them about their walking maps; we will also depict the taste of a lamp of the Song feast, the terrace in the corner of the painting, the Song camphor at the foot of Wu Mountain, or the foot sound of the stone carvings on the cliff... To realize the spirit of cultural prosperity, it is rich infusing wisdom and strength from history.
It is worth mentioning that in each of our editions, there will be a "Song Shi Yue Ling", which can be carefully collected by readers who like it, and by the end of 2022, there will be surprise "Easter eggs" to be presented.
In the first issue of the inaugural issue, we left the perspective to the ancient architects of the Deoksugung Palace Ruins Protection and Display Project and the Southern Song Dynasty Museum (Phase I) Project.
Standing in front of Hu Xueyan's former residence, across the traffic of Wangjiang Road, looking into the green mesh net opposite, the bright and clear scaffolding hangs a large red character, "Shangliang Daji".
This is the construction site of the Hangzhou Deshou Palace Ruins Protection and Display Project and the Southern Song Dynasty Museum (Phase I) (hereinafter referred to as the "Deoksugung Palace Ruins Project"), which has been officially started for more than a year.
Different from ordinary building construction sites, the ground buildings here rarely see cement and steel reinforcement, on the contrary, the wood of different diameters and appearances is undulating like mountains, with buckets, golden pillars, humps, bright moon beams, Huali... These are only the names of the objects that are vaguely seen in the "Construction of the French Style", and they have become familiar faces at the scene, and each piece of wood has its own name, "Ear Hall Cornice Douhua Li No. 2" "The right middle rear pillar of the main hall"...
It is the beginning of winter, when the warm sun over the branches of the sycamore gently pours on this solid and oily piece of wood, I do not feel the beauty of this place.
Just thinking, Meng Chao, the person in charge of the project design and the designer of Zhejiang Ancient Architecture Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., wore a blue hard hat and walked hurriedly. Too late to greet, he held out his hand and wanted to show you the rib lines at the bottom of the beam that had been optimized four times, but more obviously, the dense scratches on the back of his hands.
"Leifeng Tower Version 2.0"
Deoksugung Palace, a palace that has been sealed for more than 800 years, lived here for 25 years after the abdication of Emperor Gaozong of Song.
In April 2020, Meng Chao walked into the site of Deoksugung Palace for the first time.
The picture shows the construction site of Meng Chao's deoksugung palace site project.
"The old dean Huang Zi took me and Shi Mengyi of the Hangzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology to see the ruins together. At that time, canals and groups of buildings, brick roads and pool barges, were found, which were abundant but also potholed.
When we get to the scene, we need to know which pillars are in a group, and what kind of palace is formed? Where did the site now revealed stand in the original deoksugung palace pattern? If it is a palace building, where is the garden? ”
This is the basis for all subsequent protection demonstrations.
"In the interpretation of archaeological sites and the restoration of the overall pattern, the conclusions we finally came up with can be corroborated with the literature. This is a pattern of the Nangong Beiyuan, and it is determined that the current site location is the most quintessential and most visible main palace area in the ruins of Deoksugung Palace. ”
In Meng Chao's understanding, he regards the Deoksugung Palace project as "version 2.0 of Leifeng Pagoda", which is essentially a cultural relics protection and display project, first of all, it is necessary to protect the site well, and make a set of protective sheds for the nearly 5,000 square meters of ruins that need to be displayed by Lu Ming.
However, the Deoksugung Palace ruins project has further considerations, which is to make a more realistic and closer to the historical facts of the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial Palace. After the completion of the restoration of the building, Deoksugung Palace will also become the first cultural facility in Hangzhou to display the royal palace of the Southern Song Dynasty on a large scale.
"This makes the design team of our provincial ancient construction institute very excited, as the historical capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou has long lacked a representative Song-style architectural group for observation." We hope that in the future, people will think of Hangzhou Deoksugung Palace, and will also be like the Daming Palace in Xi'an and the Nanyue Palace in Guangzhou, which will become the cultural symbol of Hangzhou and the historical imprint of the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. ”
At present, the upper beam of the main hall of the project has been completed, and the steel structure protection shed is fully roofed. It is scheduled to be completed and open to the public by September this year.
Over a period of 8 months, observe the changes in the wood grain of the columns
More than 800 years ago, Deoksugung Palace, none of us have ever seen it. However, in Song Huizong's "Ruihe Tu", I have seen such a far-reaching eaves, such as Yi Sifei, painting the roof ridge, such as the bird Sige.
This scene can be seen in the completed sample construction of the Deoksugung Palace site.
At present, the Deoksugung Palace ruins project is being implemented, with a land area of 21,367 square meters, but Meng Chao and the design team are most often stopped by this "model room" of 100 square meters.
Test light renderings
Meng Chao remembered that before preparing the construction of 1:1 sample samples, the 8-meter-long and 2-meter-wide table in the conference room was filled with different varieties of wood. According to the building standards, teak and pineapple lattice were initially selected as wood materials.
In April last year, the sealing sample construction was completed. On the day of the unveiling, the design team proposed more than 20 modifications to this, one of which was to observe the stability of the material. Now, more than 8 months later, the column made of pineapple lattice has a small crack. "This shows that the material moisture content is relatively high, easy to crack, under the trade-off, the main material is still decided to use teak."
After deciding to choose teak, the design team went to Jingci Temple, which was also partially built in the wooden structure of the temple during restoration. "Compared in the field, the texture, texture and oiliness of the two teaks are similar, but they feel that the columns of the model are too solid."
Therefore, in the later optimization, the column diameter is reduced by 3 cm, and the reduced column diameter is less than one-tenth of the original radius, which is actually a distance that can be almost ignored. However, after the improvement, it feels closer to the Slender Stretch of the Song Style. The more I think that the Song Dynasty represents a unique aesthetic culture, the more I feel that it is not just a reproduction, but must be combined with the aesthetic needs of contemporary people to integrate, so that the millennium Song Rhyme can be re-revealed.
This refinement of the details happens every day, down to a tile. "Our earliest renderings, the tile part used green glass, but at present, the archaeological site of Lin'an City in the Southern Song Dynasty has not found a glass, not even an accessory, so the glass has been denied." From the point of view, the second round of copper tiles of metal was denied. The third round of clay tiles, burned in the kiln, will have color differences in different shades, taking into account durability, and finally selected glazed matte tiles. ”
Wadang
To go back in the original way, it is necessary to get closer to the architecture of the same period as it.
Built in 1013, the existing main hall of Baoguosi Temple is the most complete preserved wooden structure in the Gangnam area and the most vivid ancient architectural textbook. To this end, the design team has repeatedly gone to Ningbo Baoguo Temple to pursue details and ponder the run-in between wood and wood.
A learning experience that is difficult to replicate
Ask Meng Chao, after working at the ruins of Deoksugung Palace for more than 400 days, is there a moment when there is a moment when the joy that surges into the heart can beat the beat?
Meng Chao replied without hesitation, never, far from that extent. What keeps him in mind is the common wisdom of the design team.
"We are all students of Dean Huang Zi, and this project of Deoksugung Palace is too rare and a learning opportunity that is difficult to replicate." Meng Chao said: "In the 1980s, President Huang did the restoration of the Feiying Pagoda in Huzhou, and this tower has not sunk at all until now, which is a very powerful traditional handicraft. At the site of the Deoksugung Palace site, he finalized his opinion, and we can't find a rebuttal opinion. ”
For example, Huang Zi proposed that the curve of the arc of the bucket should be consistent with the curve of the column, from soothing to urgent. "This not only makes the structure stable, but also more fluid in the coordination of the morphological proportions."
At the excavation site of the Deoksugung Palace site, the damaged components of the partridge that were found were all fragments, and the original appearance is difficult to speculate. The works of the early Song Dynasty are very tense and difficult to restore. Chen Jiabao of the design team found information, from the local to the whole, from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, step by step restoration. In his hand-painted restoration, you can still feel the details of the kissing beast's head, eyes, mane, dragon whiskers, dragon scales, etc. are all vivid.
Partridge kisses
Other members of the design institute team are also very familiar with the history of the Song Dynasty, the Imperial City of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Lin'an City of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the restoration layout and the design of the scene in the temple, it is necessary to be familiar with the historical craftsmanship and aesthetics of all ancient buildings, which will be particularly confident.
When the ruins of Deoksugung Palace are waking up little by little, what everyone sees is not only the precipitation of history and the essence of culture, but also the wisdom of generations of researchers and relays.
Renderings of scenes inside the temple
Timeline of Deoksugung Palace
In 1138, the Southern Song Dynasty officially made Hangzhou the capital and called it Lin'an.
In 1145, Emperor Gaozong of Song gave Qin Juniper the first district of Wangxian Bridge. According to today's geographical orientation, it is in the open space behind the Fangzhiguan (Wang Zhai) in Hangzhou.
In 1155, Qin Juniper died, but it was later returned to the official and rebuilt into a new palace.
In 1162, Emperor Gaozong of Song retired and moved to the new palace, which was renamed Deoksugung Palace.
In 1187, Emperor Gaozong of Song died. Empress Wu lived, and Deoksugung Palace was renamed Cifu Palace.
In 1189, Emperor Xiaozong of Song retired to Deoksugung Palace and changed his name to Chonghua Palace.
In 1194, Emperor Xiaozong of Song died.
In 1206, the front hall of Deoksugung Palace caught fire. Since then, Deoksugung Palace has slowly become abandoned.
In 1216, the Miscellaneous Records of the Dynasty and the Wild Since Jianyan was written, and there were records of the "Little West Lake" and "Feilai Peak" in Deoksugung Palace. The specific description is as follows: "The palace chisels a large pond, leads the water of the West Lake to inject it, and the superimposed stones on it are mountains, like flying peaks, and there are buildings that gather far away."
In 1268, Deoksugung Palace was reused, and Zongyang Palace was built in the north to worship the Taoist Taishang Laojun; the southern half was converted into a residential building.
In 1279, the Yuan people invaded Lin'an, and Deoksugung Palace withdrew from the stage of history.
In 1290, the "Past Affairs of Wulin" was written in ten volumes, recalling the urban style of Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, which also recorded the life of Emperor Gaozong of Song at Deokshou Palace.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there are still traces of large households living in the remains of Deoksugung Palace.
In modern times, the location of the ruins of Deoksugung Palace has become the Hangzhou Tool Factory, which was also temporarily used as a surface parking lot.
In 1984, on the east side of the Zhonghe River between Wangxian Bridge and Xingong Bridge in Hangzhou, archaeologists discovered a north-south brick road from the Southern Song Dynasty, opening the prelude to the archaeology of the Deoksugung Palace site.
In 2001, Wangjiang Road was widened and reconstructed, and the archaeologists at that time carried out the second excavation of Deoksugung Palace here, and found the East Palace Wall, The Nangong Wall and some of the remains of the palace buildings in Deoksugung Palace, and then backfilled for protection.
From 2005 to 2006, 2010 and 2017, the Hangzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted three archaeological excavations on it, and found archaeological remains such as large temple foundations, water channels, artificial mountain stones, and drainage ditches.
In October 2020, Hangzhou plans to build the Deokshou Palace Ruins Protection Project and the Southern Song Dynasty Museum (Phase I) (Zhongxi District Except Wang House) Project on the east side of the Zhonghe Elevated Highway, the south side of Hefang Street, the west side of Jianguo South Road, and the north side of Wangjiang Road.
On December 28, 2020, the Deoksugung Palace Ruins Protection and Display Project and the Southern Song Dynasty Museum (Phase I) began construction in Hangzhou.
On December 28, 2021, the main hall of the Deoksugung Palace Site Protection and Display Project and the Southern Song Dynasty Museum (Phase I) Project was beamed, and the steel structure protection shed was fully roofed.