Although the Mongols regard wine as the best in their diet, they do not advocate using it indiscriminately regardless of age and drinking it at will. In this regard, in the long-term practice of life, the Mongolians have established specific and fixed standards and clear etiquette taboos for the age of drinking, toasting, offering, and asking for music, and created a unique mongolian wine culture.
1. The age of drinking
Refers to the number of years at which you can drink at the table. When a man reaches the age of thirty-seven, after three years of life (in some places, after twenty-five years of age, after two years of life), he is recognized as "an adult man, a person with sound physical strength, who enters the ranks of adults", and is regarded as "qualified to be an official, the head of the wedding banquet, to enjoy the show, to taste the first part of the wine", and can be rewarded with fine wine, and from then on it is allowed to be served thirsty wine. Before the age of thirty-seven, those who drank alcohol and intoxicated belonged to people who did not understand the rules, were hated by people, and were abandoned by society.
2. Toast etiquette
Toasting is a respectful ritual commonly used by Mongolians to enhance the atmosphere of day-bearing banquets, hospitality ceremonies, and consolidate interpersonal communication. The etiquette of toasting begins with the salute of the trzeg (sour horse milk). The "White Jade Pulp" in the Mongolian "Eight Precious Foods" refers to Cege. Therefore, as a courtesy of princes and nobles, the sacrifices of the distant Long March, landscapes, and Sulit, the promotion of officials and the reincarnation of the living Buddha, the major ceremonies of conferring Buddhist titles, and banquets, they are usually placed in the main position when entertaining guests. The Mongols have centuries of experience and traditional etiquette for hosting Nīhnadam. Whenever the Nichi is organized, a person familiar with the etiquette of Niri is first elected as Ahara Gaqi (Han means the leader, the host). People participating in The Day are not allowed to talk to each other, come and go, or adjust their seats without the permission of the Nyri Aharagachi. Moreover, there are fixed procedural etiquettes for when to sing what songs and say what greetings to say; and when to perform what rituals. Doing this link well is a powerful guarantee for making the weather more orderly, the atmosphere more enthusiastic, and the happiness. Although the toasting ceremony varies slightly in the number of glasses of wine and the sound of the wine song and the toast, the purpose, etiquette, and time limit are basically the same. In general, the guests attending the banquet were all seated, and after the host's tea feast was over, the reasons and purposes for organizing this day were indicated and according to the close relationship, the age of the day was elected as the Alaha Gaqi (host). The basic condition for the selection of a Host of Niri is that those who have presided over Nyri Naadam many times, who have a high reputation among the masses, and who have no administrative position. The host elected through this procedure bears great responsibility for the success or failure of Nizhny. The first thing the moderator did after taking office was to announce the discipline and system of this time. After that, the host selects a toastmaster, two toasters to make the first round of toasts, starting with the Nairi host, each of whom toasts three times (bowl) in order. After that, the band played music, and the singers began to sing the song of the day. After singing the three-part piece, start toasting (sour horse milk). After that, two or three songs are selected, and the accompaniment is sung while drinking and singing. After this continued for a period of time, the host announced the day break. During the breaks, guests can go outside to deal with smoking, convenience, horse care, etc. After that, he returned to his original position and sat down, and the day was further extended. The toast takes the form of a cross with large glasses and small glasses. The beginning or middle of the day combines the blessing words of the blessing person with different contents such as toasts, yurt odes, banquet greetings, etc. In this way, when the time comes, it is implied to be over. Under normal circumstances, when the day ends, what songs to sing, what greetings to say, how many ceggets to use have detailed planning, when the day is nearing the end, use the end of the day to remind everyone that the day is about to end. At the same time, Nyori's Ahara gachi consciously said that the "Instructions for the Banquet", "End" and "End of The Blessing" of Nyri conveyed the message that Nyri was about to end. This is to avoid the indefinite extension of the banquet and affect the work and to make the weather more orderly and civilized etiquette. People can't think of singing the closing song and the greeting of the banquet at any time, and they can all be accepted if they are reasonable. An ending song is sung like this: "The ears of the horse are two yo, the wine on the horse is only three yo, the fox's ear is two yo, and the send-off wine is only three yo." Singing the animal's ears are no more and no less, just like two, and no one can violate the hint of the rules of endurance. There are also songs such as: "When you are sober, leave, prepare animal power and vehicles, go back before dark, and do some housework as soon as possible", reminding people not to indulge in alcohol, but to consider more about family business and career. With the development of social life, the sour mare milk at the banquet became mare milk wine, and gradually developed into liquor instead of mare milk wine. In terms of the use of wine utensils, it has changed from the original large wooden bowl to a silver bowl, and even from a large cup to a small cup. The etiquette of toasting has also been updated and improved in content and form under the premise of maintaining traditional etiquette. The lyrics of the wine song have also changed to varying degrees, and at the same time that Ordos sang "The golden cup is filled with sweet wine, the wine day is fed to the sai hi, the friends gather together to ask you to have a drink, the cyrus of wine is placed on the plate to toast the guests. At the same time as xilin gol sang, each person toasted a bowl of horse milk wine, and the rules of three to six bowls of wine were implemented at the wedding banquet.
Third, the etiquette of three-wheeled toasting
Descendants of the Turbat tribe of Sibu Weirat, now the Mongolian toast ceremony of the Ejin Banner of Alxa. The Ejina Mongols called the toast "Ariha Mongolian, Chinese means wine, Cha Ji Hu is toast)." After the toaster opens the cap of the bottle, drops a little wine in the glass, and uses his right hand to turn the direction of the sun to toast to the tao brain (the circular skylight in the center of the top of the yurt). At this time, all the people in the room relaxedly held their right hands and turned to the pottery brain in place, and touched the forehead with the tip of their thumbs to show their salute. This act is called "kowtowing to the sake." After that, a second drop of wine is poured from the cup to pay homage to the fire. The third time, he filled the glass and began to toast to the eldest of the guests. The person who accepts the wine glass respectfully receives the wine glass with both hands, transfers it to the left hand and uses the right hand to do the "bow to the sake" ceremony, and then transfers the wine glass to the right hand and tastes it and returns it. After the toaster has filled the wine, he toasts the next guest, so that he can toast each guest in the order of the sun. This is called "taking turns toasting." When it comes time to take turns in this order to the third round, guests must toast the wine. This etiquette is called the "three-wheel toast" etiquette. After the three-wheel toast, the whole crew can start singing and playing. After singing a complete song in the game, each person must taste the wine once as a "song of the round". Since "the song's round of wine is drunk at will", the amount of wine drunk in this round is determined by yourself. The etiquette of three-wheeled toasting is a traditional toasting ritual of the Veyrat Mongols. The purpose of offering deji to the sun and the stove, the most alcoholic of food, is to pray for the happiness and well-being of all mankind.
Fourth, the etiquette of two-fold toasts
Descendants of the Sibu Weilat and Shuote tribes are now the toasting customs of the Mongols in the Left Banner and Right Banner of Alxa, Inner Mongolia. The Alxa Mongols called the toast "Ariha, Zasahu" (Zazahu, Mongolian, Chinese for honor). After the toaster opens the cap, he directly fills the glass and toasts the guest. After the person receiving the toast takes the wine glass, he or she can return the glass with a slight dip in the mouth to show that it has tasted. While the toaster poured the wine and toasted the man with a second glass, he said, "Za, he lives in Hijra!" (Mongolian, meaning "Please drink it!") Parallel toasts. The receiver toasts the second time as a matter of etiquette. The etiquette of toasting guests in order of age according to this etiquette is called a two-fold toast. The two-way toast symbolizes that everyone hears the good news with both ears, sees beautiful things with their eyes, and creates a family and career with both hands.
5. The etiquette of offering Srigimo
Srijimo (Mongolian, Chinese meaning sake, milk, tea). The ritual of offering Srigimo refers to the custom of dipping the ring finger of the right hand three times in the wine to be drunk. There are three contents of the three bomb offerings, that is, one is "May the blue sky be too peaceful," the second is "May the earth be peaceful," and the third is "May there be peace on earth." Because the Mongols regard wine as the best food, they use it to express the best emotions and wishes in the world.
Sixth, the taboo etiquette of wine
The Mongols attached great importance to wine as the most important thing in their diet, so not only did they have a fixed etiquette for drinking it, but there were also many aspects of taboo etiquette. Avoid casual excessive drinking and drunkenness. The Mongols advocated the deep understanding that "you can only taste it when you are forty years old, let go of a little drinking in your early fifties, and use wine for fun at sixty years old" or that "excessive drinking is equal to living sin". So three cups of wine were tabooed on Narina Damus. After drinking Ariha and Darisu (Darisu, Mongolian, Chinese for yellow wine), it is forbidden to talk about it as "bitter" or "strong", because the Mongols regard wine as the most dietary, so it cannot be said that it is bitter or strong, and in the minds of the Mongols the wine is only fragrant or sweet. It is forbidden to stand and taste or drink alcohol. Avoid indulging in wine, otherwise you will become an alcoholic, hurt your body, misele things, and die. It is forbidden to drink alcohol and smoke in front of parents and elders. If you really have a socializing, give your parents permission, and you can drink a little politely. When toasting, it is taboo to pour wine in the hands of the guest, you must take the wine glass, pour it and toast it with both hands, otherwise it is equivalent to despising the guest (the other party).
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Source: CHINA Network