On November 3, 2018, during the first Sino-Burmese cross-border ethnic academic seminar held by the Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences and the Yunnan Provincial Ethnic Society, Professor Cang Ming of the Central University for Nationalities was invited to Kunming to give a keynote speech, and served as the review expert of the academic forum, just in charge of my venue, after commenting on my academic speech "Research on the Problem of the Achang Ethnic Group Living Across the Border between China and Myanmar", I was given four pictures of the document Achang, which are extremely rare and very precious.
When Professor Cang Ming was the dean of the School of History and Culture of the Central University for Nationalities and the dean of the Graduate School of the Central University for Nationalities, in academic research, he and relevant professionals found a number of painting images of historical figures of the Achan ethnic group, which are very precious and have never been seen by many people.
The first picture, the original copy of the "Imperial Qing Gong Tu" during the Qianlong period, painted two male and female Achang figures, "Dali and other provinces, Chang man", "Dali and other provinces, Chang Chang barbarian women". This is the original collection of the Yuanmingyuan "Imperial Qing Gongtu", the original (Echang male and female figure) is now in the Collection of the National Library of France.
The second picture, a copy of the "Illustration of Yiren in Dian Province" (Bo Lintu) during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the original is now in the National Palace Museum.
The third figure, "Illustration of yiren in Dian Province", depicts a painting of two pictures (the other picture is the Kava people), which is now in the museum of the Central University for Nationalities.
The fourth picture, the Qianlong Dynasty "Emperor Qing Gong Tu" court color book Achang portrait painting, respectively, painted Dali and other provinces of The Two Men and Women Ah Chang Tu, Yongbei and other provinces Xi Fan Tu, Qujing Province Haiyi Fox Tu three groups of portraits. The original of this colored copy is now in the collection of the National Palace Museum.
These four portraits of ethnic figures were reproduced and published to entertain readers. This has important reference value for the study of the social history and culture of the Achan ethnic group, especially for the study of the character costume modeling of the Echang period.
This Echang map is an important document map. Originally collected in the Yuanmingyuan, the Imperial Qing Gongtu is now in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
Middle Manchu Chinese: Dali and other provinces of The Barbarian Woman of Yuechang.
The right Han chinese written records: Dali and other provinces of Chang man, Yue Chang takes the surname of La, Dali Yongchang Second House has this kind, no tribe, mixed valleys, sexual fear of summer and wetness, men with hair wrapped around their heads, blue and blue short clothes, cloth sheets. Women wrap their heads, long coats, no blemishes, shins are folded with flowers, and tiptoe feet. Slash-and-burn farming, livestock weaving for a living. Eat frugally, and get birds and insects. The marriage employs cattle and horses, sacrifices dogs, and occupies thirty branches of bamboo such as yarrow stems. Real estate maggot tax loss.
On the right, manchu: the content of the record is the same as that in Chinese. (Courtesy of Cang Ming)
This is the "Illustration of the Yiren of Dian Province" (Bo Lintu said), a picture book of the twenty-three years of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty.
The drawing Chinese characters record: Ouchang is afraid of summer and wetness, picking ge for clothing, eating fresh food and drinking, cutting bamboo for the basket, to resolve doubts, the use of dogs, Yongchang Province and Dali Shunning. (Courtesy of Cang Ming)
This is the Echang picture book in the collection of the Museum of Nationalities of the Central University for Nationalities in the collection of the Imperial Seedling Map. The date is unknown, but it is estimated that it was copied from the Jiaqing map.
The Chinese text on the right figure records the following contents: Ouchang is afraid of summer and wetness, picking ge for clothing, eating fresh and drinking, cutting bamboo for a spoon, to resolve doubts, using dogs, Yongchang Province and Dali Shunning.
The left picture of the Han text records the content: Kava looks ugly, can cultivate, red vine bundle hair, its class is a cold (village), and there are people who understand Chinese, mostly with Han people, Shunning Province. (Courtesy of Cang Ming)
This is the color plate of the "Imperial Qing Gongtu" painted by the court painters during the Qianlong period, and it is a cultural relic in the Collection of the Forbidden City. Professor Cang Ming works at the Forbidden City for student photography.
The contents of the Chinese text of The Middle Map:
Dali and other provinces of Yuechang Barbarians, Dali Yongchang Second Province has this kind, no tribe, miscellaneous valleys, sexual fear of summer and wetness, men with hair tied around their heads, blue and blue short clothes, clothing sheets. Women wrap their heads, long coats, no blemishes, shins are folded with flowers, and tiptoe feet. Slash-and-burn farming, livestock weaving for a living. Eat frugally, and get birds and insects. Marriage with cattle and horses, sacrificed to dogs, occupying thirty branches of bamboo such as yarrow. Real estate maggot tax loss.
The Chinese text in the right figure records the following:
Yongbei and other provinces Xifan Xifan Benyun Northwest Of yi, also known as Ba Tho, flows into the second house of Lijiang in Yongbei, living in the mountains and gathering ethnic groups. Men braided their hair, wear black fur hats, linen short coats covered with felt sheets, wrap their left elbows with vines, tiptoe feet, sabers, and cut bamboo for their profession, and do not speak Chinese. Women braided their hair, with agate, also dressed in linen felt, tied over the knee barrel skirt, stomped feet, and planted barnyard grain.
The Chinese text on the left shows:
Qujing Province Sea Fox Sea Badger Only Qujing Province has it, the name of the dam badger, Juping River, planting paddy fields, the natives call the sea or call the dam, so the name, or the cloud is the white badger badger also. It is similar to the barbarian miscellaneous places, but it is different from the same language, diligent in farming, anxious to pay taxes, and there are readers. (Courtesy of Cang Ming)
Lin Huicai, a young man of the Achan ethnic group, loves national history and culture, is good at consulting and studying ethnic historical documents, and is keen on collecting oral rumors of ancient national history and culture, he uses his spare time to consult a lot of historical documents of the Achan ethnic group, and found many portraits and paintings of historical figures of the Achan ethnic group.
The Qing dynasty compiled and painted the image of "Yuechang" as seen in the "Atlas of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China". (Zhu Heshuang. Taiwan Chinese Literature Bureau edition of the "Imperial Qing Gongtu" is wrong[J].Xungen, 2013, (No. 5).)
Qing Dynasty Ethnographic Chronicle - Echang. Echang Achang, sexually afraid of wet, good to live in the mountains, slash and burn. (Echang Tu" inscription: "Women take red vines as waist ornaments, sacrifice dogs, occupy thirty-three bamboo sticks slightly ruyi, drink alcohol, bear the burden of foraging animals, animals, insects, and insects, and wipe wild kudzu as clothes." No ministers, miscellaneous valleys, listening to the toastmasters. The centurion of the three villages of Luogu, Luoban, and Luoming of Shuichang died early, and his co-wife Fang Ai did not lose his temper and died of starvation. (Li Zefeng, Liu Ruzhong, eds. Ethnographics of the Qing Dynasty. Xining:Qinghai People's Publishing House, 1997.12)
Men and women of Achang in the Shunning region of Western Yunnan. Shunning Province (顺宁府) was an ancient Chinese administrative division that included Fengqing, Changning, and Yun Counties in present-day Yunnan Province. (English) by Ko Lehong. Cross Creesser from Guangzhou to Mandalay. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 2018.11
Yuechang - Ancient Dian Native Customs Atlas - Dong Yi - Chongwen Bureau - 1914 Edition (Xu Lihua, editor-in-chief. Ancient Books of Chinese Ethnic Minorities Integrated Chinese Edition Vol. 87 Ethnic Groups in Southwest China after the Han Dynasty. Chengdu:Sichuan Publishing House, 2002.11)
Ethnographic Chronicle of the Qing Dynasty - Yuechang. (Li Zefeng, Liu Ruzhong, eds. Ethnographics of the Qing Dynasty. Xining: Qinghai People's Publishing House, 1997.12). The contents of the written records: Dali and other provinces of Yue Chang Man, Yue Chang takes the surname of La, Dali Yongchang Second House has this kind, no tribe, miscellaneous valleys, sexual fear of summer and wetness, men tie their hair and wrap their heads, blue and blue short clothes, cloth sheets. Women wrap their heads, long coats, no blemishes, shins are folded with flowers, and tiptoe feet. Slash-and-burn farming, livestock weaving for a living. Eat frugally, and get birds and insects. The marriage employs cattle and horses, sacrifices dogs, and occupies thirty branches of bamboo such as yarrow stems. Real estate maggot tax loss.
The image of "Little Achang" in the Longchuan River Basin of Western Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty. (Zhu Heshuang. Taiwan Chinese Literature Bureau edition of the "Imperial Qing Gongtu" is wrong[J].Xungen, 2013, (No. 5).)
Ethnographic Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty - Little A-Prostitute. (Li Zefeng, Liu Ruzhong, eds. Ethnographics of the Qing Dynasty. Xining:Qinghai People's Publishing House, 1997.12)
Continued Yunnan Tongzhi (Guangxu) - Volume 162 Southern Barbarian Zhi People - Yu Chang.
In 1991, the Liaoshen Book Society photocopied the image of men and women in "Dali and other provinces changman" seen in the "Emperor Qing Gongtu". (Zhu Heshuang. Taiwan Chinese Literature Bureau edition of the "Imperial Qing Gongtu" is wrong[J].Xungen, 2013, (No. 5).)
The 1991 photocopy of the Liaoshen Book Society's "Emperor Qing GongTu" saw the male and female images of "Qujing Province's Haiyi Monkey". (Zhu Heshuang. Taiwan Chinese Literature Bureau edition of the "Imperial Qing Gongtu" is wrong[J].Xungen, 2013, (No. 5).)
The images of "Chang" (top) and "Haiyi" (bottom) as seen in the Yiren Tushu of Dian Province. (Zhu Heshuang. Taiwan Chinese Literature Bureau edition of the "Imperial Qing Gongtu" is wrong[J].Xungen, 2013, (No. 5).)
The images of "Chang" and "Haiyi" depicted in Guangxu's "Continuation of the Yunnan Tongzhi Manuscript". (Zhu Heshuang. Taiwan Chinese Literature Bureau edition of the "Imperial Qing Gongtu" is wrong[J].Xungen, 2013, (No. 5).)
The Achan ethnic group has a long history, with its own national language, no native ethnic script, and the traditional culture of the mother mainstream ethnic group with the mother tongue as the carrier has a long history. The ancient Achan culture is full of vitality, through the language system to inherit the ancient religious beliefs, political and military, social consciousness, national traditional cultural customs, simple cosmological world outlook, outlook on life, values aesthetics, ancient history created and passed down to the present, there are classic creation myth epics, as well as a rich and colorful national traditional cultural heritage. However, in the process of the historical development of the Achan people, perhaps because of the missed opportunity to create the national script, a large number of traditional cultures are only transmitted orally, single interpersonal inheritance, important national memories are not recorded in their own ethnic texts and drawing images, and only the records converted in the Chinese character culture and historical documents are relatively thin, and the portrait painting images of historical figures are even rarer. In addition to the value of cultural relics, the historical and social and cultural information of the Achang ethnic group recorded in the picture books is more prominent and important, which can be said to be a treasure, and has an academic supplement and important role in the documentary records and scientific research of Echang history.
The article was originally published in the fifth issue of "Achang Xuejiao", which caused a response after it was published, and then with the abundance of Internet technology and information sources, and the search for some ancient graphic materials of the Achang ethnic group was found by the Achang cultural youth Lin Huicai Shi Zuqing and other inspections, in order to provide information to the majority of researchers to expand their horizons, and supplemented it, appended to the later found drawings and textual sources after this article. Thanks to the original authors, thanks to the Book Publishers and the collection institutions.