Recognition is an important basis for identifying ancient porcelain.
Every dynasty, every period, every kiln, every type of porcelain has its own characteristics and requirements in terms of style. Even imitation is inseparable from its brushwork, materials and characteristics of the times. Therefore, learning to know and recognize the knowledge of money is an essential skill for identifying ancient porcelain.
If the content of the collection is used as the basis for judging, the collection community also has a sorting principle, which is arranged in turn as the current dynasty paragraph, the sustenance paragraph, the personal name paragraph, the character paragraph, the painting paragraph, and the simple flower pledge.
If the different sections are distinguished from the content, the more common ones are the imperial year number section, the official character section, the flower pledge section, the tang name section, the inscription section, the Ji language section, the purpose section and the sustenance section (also known as the pseudo-entrustment money) and the personal name section.
Ji language style - Ming Jiajing rich long life model green glaze depicting the bottom of the gold bowl
The most mainstream style of Ming and Qing official kiln porcelain is the imperial year number model, which appeared in the Ming Yongle period, and the ruins of the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory have unearthed fragments of calligraphic ceramics marked "Yongle First Year".
Ming Yongle blue and white tangled branch pattern press hand cup - seal body "Yongle year system" official kiln model
In the Ming Dynasty, most of the imperial year numbers were written in blue and white materials, and in the Three Dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, the three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, the style writing of official kiln porcelain also used blue and white, while varieties such as enamel porcelain used material color, and the pastel porcelain after Qianlong used red color.
Contrasting with the imperial year number is the personal name model, which marks the surname of the ceramic craftsman, porcelain workshop owner, vessel maker or collector, and there is no fixed pattern for the position of writing and engraving, or carved on the outer sole of the ceramic (mostly from the middle and late Ming Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty), or the book on the outer wall of the vessel.
Five generations of "official" character Yue kiln blue glaze double series jar - Zhejiang Provincial Museum collection
Most of the names of the halls and names in the Qing Dynasty porcelain style are written in letters. There are four kinds of people who make this product: one is an emperor, one is a pro-nobleman, one is a famous scholar and a high official, and the other is a good craftsman in the porcelain industry. Among the Qing Emperors, Kangxi and Qianlong were good at rationalizing, so the imperial porcelain hall names of the two emperors' era also loved to use the language of science. Porcelain made by the pro-noble kings, kangxi time has humble Cunzhai, Shaowentang and so on.
Kangxi style: Zhonghe Tang system
Su Sancai Fisherman Fishing Figure Rectangular, Qing Kangxi, height 7.5cm, face length 23.5cm, face width 13.5cm, foot length 17.7cm, foot width 11.5cm
In Qianlong, there were Caihua Hall and Cai Embroidery Hall, and the porcelain products produced were also the objects of the Inner Government. As for the porcelain made by celebrities and high officials, there are yayutang system in the Qianlong period, jade cup book house, and Tingsonglu. At that time, the famous craftsmen had Bao Xi Zhai, Chen Guozhi, Wang Bingrong and so on.
Qingqianlong Blue and white dragon pattern small jar, Collection of national palace museum in Taipei, jade bi bottom
Daoguang has the most Hengtang porcelain models. The knowledge is: Daoguang has a Hengtang treasure in a certain year, which is actually a miracle in the knowledge of qing porcelain. Daoguang Tingyu Hall and Xiyin Hall, who the main producer of these porcelain products is, it is not known. In the Qing porcelain style, those called tang and zhai are made by emperors, pro-nobles, dignitaries, and famous craftsmen; while in the porcelain models, they are called study rooms and mountain houses, which are called treasures and treasures, and those called elegant and elegant play are only owned by officials and nobles. When it comes to the value of this type of porcelain, it is most famous for the firing of Shende Hall, Shaowen Hall and Lingzhu Master;
Secondly. The East Garden Wenshi Mountain House, Yaohua Daoist, Shiyan Zhai and Hongli Mountain House are also treasured; important ancient porcelain pieces have been unearthed in Nanjing, including the "Red Li Mountain House". The bottle porcelain made by Shen Dezhai has been extremely rare in modern times, so it is expensive.
Qingdao Guangshendetang made pastel plum pattern lid bowl
Qingdao Guangzhen Detang model pastel has a happy bowl every day
Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty made porcelain name Daya Zhai, mostly with bean blue as the base, black line double hook flower; there are also multicolored, more painted peony, Xuan flower, hydrangea and the like. The horizontal inscription Daya Zhai on the bottom of the bean blue is 3 characters, next to which there is the Spring Seal of Heaven and Earth; at the bottom there are 4 characters of Yongqing Changchun, and there are also Daya Zhai style characters at the bottom.
Qing Guangxu "Daya Zhai" green pastel flower and bird pattern high foot plate
Qing Guangxu "Daya Zhai" yellow glaze ink color flower bird pattern rectangular flower pot
Qing Guangxu green space pastel vine rose flower bird pattern round box, red color book "Daya Zhai" 3 characters of the book and "Heaven and Earth a Spring" 5 character seal book, height 5.5cm, caliber 22cm, foot diameter 13.5cm.
In the Republic of China period, the name of the hall was once very popular, and the personal name of the ceramics changed greatly compared with before, not only writing the name of the person, but also adding information such as place of origin and nickname, and the long inscription was not uncommon. The "Jingdezhen Ceramic History Manuscript" said that "in the seventeenth year of the Republic of China, there were 1,452 households in the Jingdezhen color porcelain industry", and the shopkeeper would mark the name of the painter or shopkeeper on the porcelain in order to distinguish his own products from others.
(The article originates from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author)