In 1163, in Suzhou, 130,000 Song troops and 150,000 Jin soldiers fought. Li Xianzhong and Shao Hongyuan did not cooperate well, and the Song army killed 50,000 elite soldiers in 18 days. Song Xiaozong lost confidence in the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains, and once again negotiated peace with the Jin Dynasty, increasing the number of coins to 200,000 taels and the cloth to 200,000 horses, calling the Jin Kingdom "uncle" and for the "Longxing Peace Talks".
In 1121, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty concluded the "Maritime Alliance", agreeing to attack the Liao State together. In 1122, Tong Guan led an army of 200,000 on the Northern Expedition and joined forces with the Jin State to conquer Yanjing, and the Liao State perished. In 1125, 60,000 jin soldiers attacked Kaifeng. In 1127, the Jin army conquered Kaifeng, and Emperor Huizong of Song and Emperor Qinzong of Song were captured and escorted to live in the ice and snow of Liaodong.
After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song generals continued to fight against the Jin soldiers. In 1139, Yue Fei went north to the Central Plains, repeatedly defeating the "Iron Floating Tu" and "Kidnapped Horse" of Yan Wushu, and restoring the Central Plains was just around the corner. Emperor Gaozong of Song and Qin Ju were afraid of the Jin Dynasty and did not dare to continue the fighting, so they not only recalled Yue Fei, but also executed him on the charge of "false accusations".
After Yue Fei's death, Song Jin stopped for a while, but the war continued. In 1161, Yan Liang led an army of 400,000 to attack the Southern Song Dynasty in three ways. Yu Yunwen temporarily cobbled together 10,000 soldiers and horses to repel 100,000 Jin soldiers in Jiangbei. Soon, Yan Liang was killed by his subordinates, Jin Shizong succeeded to the throne, and Jin Bing returned to the north.
After Jin Shizong succeeded to the throne, he intended to negotiate peace with the Southern Song Dynasty and continue to maintain the status quo ante, but Song Xiaozong did not agree. As a descendant of Zhao Kuangyin, Song Xiaozong was lucky to inherit the unification, and he had to do something. In 1163, Emperor Xiaozong of Song ordered 130,000 troops, with Zhang Jun, a famous general who had once restrained Yue Fei and Han Shizhong, as the commander- and Li Xianzhong and Shao Hongyuan as the main generals of the two Northern Expeditions, and advanced towards the Central Plains.
Li Xianzhong, a famous general of the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1127, the Jin army went south, and Li Xianzhong was captured in northern Shaanxi, which was deeply appreciated by Yan Zongbi. Soon, Li Xianzhong led 16 cavalry south, broke away from the Jin Dynasty, and defected to Western Xia. In Western Xia, Li Xianzhong led his troops to repel the Jin army's offensive and was reused by the Western Xia lord. Then, Li Xianzhong fled back to the Southern Song Dynasty with more than 10,000 soldiers and horses, defeating 100,000 Western Xia troops along the way.
"Iron Harriers", the heavy cavalry of the Western Xia, even if they are killed on the battlefield, they are still fixed on the warhorse, maintaining the state of charging, and are a strong brigade. When Li Xianzhong defected to the Southern Song Dynasty, the "Iron Harrier" came to intercept and was killed by more than 2,000 people, and the rest of the Western Xia soldiers did not dare to pursue.
In May 1163, 130,000 Song troops crossed the Huai River, Li Xianzhong attacked Lingbi, and Shao Hongyuan attacked Hongxian County, kicking off the "Longxing Northern Expedition". The Lingbi defender Xiao Qi agreed to surrender, and then sent troops to counterattack and took a position under the city. Li Xianzhong led his troops to rush to kill, Xiao Qi fled into the wilderness, and the Song army captured Lingbi.
Shao Hongyuan encountered a setback in Hongxian County, Li Xianzhong led reinforcements, while attacking the city, while Lingbi's troops entered the city to persuade them to surrender, and the Jin soldiers were afraid of Li Xianzhong, so they went out of the city and surrendered. Shao Hongyuan felt very faceless, and believed that Li Xianzhong had come to grab the credit, and after that, the two were full of contradictions and poor cooperation, which was an important reason for the failure of the Northern Expedition.
After capturing Lingbi and Hongxian, Li Xianzhong led his troops to attack Suzhou and prepare to attack Henan. Under the city of Suzhou, the Golden Soldiers lined up to meet the battle, and the "kidnapped horses" rushed from both wings to kill. Li Xianzhong, who was a pioneer and a soldier, used cavalry against cavalry, killed more than 5,000 Jin soldiers, and pursued more than 20 miles. Then, Li Xianzhong led his troops to attack Suzhou and prepare to advance into the Central Plains.
Learning of Song Jin's victory, Song Xiaozong could not hide his excitement, and personally drafted an edict of commendation: "Recently, the side newspaper, Chinese and foreign encouragement, there has been no such victory in ten years." For a time, the whole court cheered. However, Shao Hongyuan's pattern was too small, and he could not bear to be subordinate to Li Xianzhong, and did not want the other side to make military achievements. After that, when Li Xianzhong fought with Jin Bing, Shao Hongyuan not only did not help, but also kept demolishing the stage.
Qishi Liezhining, a famous general of the Jin Dynasty, the son-in-law of Wushu, Xiao Yong is good at war and resourceful. In order to stop the Song army from northern expedition to the Central Plains, Jin Shizong drew 150,000 troops from all over the country, made Qishi Liezhining the commander, and went to Suzhou to fight the Song army. However, the Song army progressed smoothly, and Qishi Liezhining did not wait for the arrival of the main force, so he personally led 30,000 cavalry to attack.
The Jin soldiers rushed to kill, and Li Xianzhong went out of the city to line up to meet the attack. The Song army relied on the city to line up, holding shields, and placed horse guardrails in front of the formation to block the impact of the opposing cavalry. After several intensive arrow rains, the Song army's infantry and cavalry fought together and fought a bloody battle with the Jin soldiers, and Qishi Liezhining was defeated and had no choice but to retreat.
The forward of Qishi Liezhining was defeated, and the deputy commander Lu Dingfang led 120,000 soldiers and horses from Kaifeng to reinforcements, and took a position under the city to prepare for a decisive battle with the Song army. The duel between the main forces was very exciting, but Shao Hongyuan refused to send troops to participate in the battle on the grounds that the weather was extremely hot, and Li Xianzhong could only face the Jin soldiers alone. Even so, Li Xianzhong still defeated the Jin soldiers, and Lu Dingfang was shot dead by the Song army and killed on the battlefield.
The next day, Li Xianzhong took the cavalry as the vanguard, followed by the infantry, and took the initiative to attack the Jin soldiers. Shao Hongyuan watched from the sidelines, and without sending troops to assist, Qishi Liezhining was able to mobilize his troops and concentrate on attacking Li Xianzhong's troops. The Song army failed in battle, killing 15,000 cavalry and 30,000 infantry. At night, Shao Hongyuan withdrew his troops without authorization, and the morale of the Song army was low, and they broke out from Suzhou.
Qishi Liezhining sent troops to pursue, and the Song army fled all the way, and more than 4,000 people were beheaded. Shi Zai: "The grain of the armor is abandoned." The soldiers and soldiers all fought with their fists, lost their arms and ran south, trampling on the hungry and dying, and they were invincible. "It was a fiasco.
The "Longxing Northern Expedition", from the expedition to the defeat of the Suzhou army, a total of 18 days, the Song army lost more than 50,000 people. Song Xiaozong's decades of preparations were ruined, and without the courage to continue the Northern Expedition, he agreed to negotiate peace with the Jin State, in addition to increasing the number of coins and cloth, but also to rename the Jin State as "Uncle", and the two sides agreed to be the country of "Uncle and Nephew".
After the "Longxing Peace Talks", the two sides were at peace with each other and did not fight for more than forty years. In 1206, Han Led the Northern Expedition, and 150,000 Song troops attacked the Jin State in three ways. As a result, the Southern Song Dynasty failed again, and the number of coins and cloth was increased to 300,000, and the Name of the Jin Kingdom was changed to "Uncle", and the two sides agreed to be the country of "Uncle and Nephew". In 1234, the Song army joined forces with the Mongol cavalry to conquer Caizhou, and the Jin kingdom collapsed.
Bibliography: History of the Song Dynasty