Jupiter, known as the king of planets, has a rich world that scientists believe will help us better understand the origins of the solar system. Ancient people observed and became curious about it, and it was not until 1610 that Galileo Galileo carefully observed the huge gas-like planet through a telescope. In the past, following Galileo's exploration, humans have launched 9 air probes to explore the gas planet, two of which have entered orbit to understand Saturn's unknown and complex atmosphere. These ideas have led scientists to have huge plans to learn more about this unknown world.
Jupiter has many unsolved mysteries, such as, what is under its colorful rotating clouds? Explore a little more inside, what's inside its core? Because Jupiter is large in size and mass, scientists know it plays a big role in the formation of the solar system, so to better understand our planet, we need to know how this Jupiter formed. To do this, in 2016 NASA launched a spacecraft Juno that successfully entered saturn's orbit, and the first thing the spacecraft did was to understand the mysterious cloud-covered interior of the gas giant.
The whole planet is unimaginably large, and if the Earth is compared to the size of a grape, then Saturn is the size of a basketball. On Saturn, the lower the atmosphere, the tighter the air is squeezed. The air pressure and temperature increase as you get closer to the core, creating a peculiar environment. Its interior is also divided into several layers, and the transition between each layer is very slow, and the distance between them is also very long. The most recognizable stripes and swirls on Saturn's exterior are made up of cold, thick ammonia and water vapor, and floating translucent hydrogen. This dense gas makes Saturn's interior less visible and hides Saturn's internal structure.
But Juno is equipped with powerful equipment to measure and probe Saturn's interior, helping scientists understand Saturn's interior. Beyond the thick, cloudy clouds that stretch wide, the pressure and temperature of the air are constantly changing saturn, and the hydrogen gas on saturn will slowly turn into liquid, becoming the largest sea in the solar system.
But remember, this is not an ocean of flowing water, but an "ocean" of hydrogen. On Earth, elements exist in one of three universal states, namely solid, liquid, and gaseous, and the form of the elements depends on external factors such as pressure and temperature. Gaseous hydrogen on Earth can be artificially compressed and cooled into liquid hydrogen. But on Jupiter, this process can happen quite naturally, at enormous pressures that could be 500,000 times the pressure on Earth's sea level, and at extreme temperatures, it could be 1,700 Celsius or 3,100 Fahrenheit.
You can imagine it, like sinking in a thick fog that is getting more and more and more wet, and the more you sink, the more you will find yourself swimming in a pool of liquid at last. Jupiter's vast ocean of hydrogen will even become even more peculiar. However, the deeper it sank, the deeper it sank, and at about half the depth of the planet's center, liquid hydrogen behaved more like a liquid metal. This unexpected phenomenon is caused by growing pressures, millions of times the pressure of the atmosphere at the plane of the Earth's shanghai, which squeezes the atoms of liquid hydrogen so tightly that their electrons break away from the atoms.
These free electrons flow right in the liquid, forming an electric current that is accompanied by rapid rotation. This may explain why Jupiter has such a strong magnetic field. Under this enormous pressure, the temperature also soars, reaching a scorching temperature of 10,000 degrees Celsius or 18,000 Degrees Fahrenheit. This strange ocean, called liquid metallic hydrogen, may have filled much of Jupiter's interior, tightly encircling its mysterious core.
The kernel exists at about 100 million times the atmospheric pressure at the Earth's sea level. After years of measurements and exploration of Jupiter, Juno discovered something surprising about the core of a gas giant, which, unexpectedly, was fuzzy. Before Juno's seminal data was sent back to Earth, scientists thought jupiter would be a compact, dense object about the size of Earth, made up of heavy elements, such as silicate rocks and iron. Gaseous giants were initially thought to have formed from rocks or ice bodies, and over time, accumulated a thick atmosphere.
This may also be the case with Jupiter, but Juno found that Jupiter's center was diluted or spread out, it had no sharp boundaries and mixed with the surrounding liquid metallic hydrogen. The vague kernel hints that jupiter had a big collision with another planet in the early days when the solar system was still a young and savage place billions of years ago.
Computer simulations show scientists that a dense cloud nucleus with heavy elements, a rocky protoplanet 10 times the size of Earth, created enough energy from a collision to disperse and dilute Jupiter's core for billions of years. However, scientists have not yet fully understood the interior of Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune, and it is not yet possible to say whether Jupiter's core is unusual or whether this theory of large impacts is correct. Beneath Jupiter's magnificent clouds, it was clear that there was an uncanny strange environment, scorching, violent, and squeezed. It kept a secret that still haunts scientists today. Today, Jupiter's strange nucleus is still a secret, but the veil of this secret is slowly being lifted.
Neptune is the eighth-farthest known planet from the Sun. In the solar system, it is the fourth largest planet by diameter, ranked by mass, it is the third largest planet, and it is also the most dense giant planet. It has 17 times the mass of Earth and is a little heavier than its immediate neighbor, Uranus. Neptune is denser than Uranus and physically smaller than Uranus. Because it has a greater mass, the atmosphere is subjected to greater gravitational compression.
The planet orbits the sun every 164.8 years, with an average distance of 30.1 AU (450 million kilometers; 2.8 billion miles). Neptune is named after the Roman god Neptune, whose astronomical symbol is. The trident representing Neptune. The second symbol, an L-V monogram, is used to represent "Le Verrier", similar to the letter combination of H and H. For Uranus, it has never been widely used outside of France and is now obsolete.
Neptune is invisible to the naked eye and is the only planet in the solar system that has been discovered mathematically predicted rather than empirically. An unexpected change in Uranus' orbit led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was gravitationally perturbed by one of its planets. After Bouvard's death, John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier, based on their observations, predicted Neptune's position, respectively. On September 23, 1846, Johann Galle observed Neptune with a telescope, and his observed position was somewhat different from the position predicted by Le Verrier.
Neptune's largest moon, Triton, was also soon discovered. Although the planet's remaining 13 known moons were not located by telescopes until the 20th century. The planet's distance from Earth makes its surface very small, which makes it challenging to conduct research with telescopes on Earth. Voyager 2 visited Neptune on August 25, 1989, as it flew over Neptune; Voyager 2 remains the only spacecraft to visit Neptune. The recent advent of the Hubble Space Telescope and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics has enabled more detailed observations from a distance.
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They believe that when the solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago, the gas giant absorbed another protoplanet in a head-on collision (a protoplanetary is an embryonic planet the size of a moon in the protoplanetary disk that eventually gradually forms a real planet).
Jupiter's core is a bizarre structure made up of a mixture of solid rock and diffuse hydrogen bubbles.
By: Wait until the fireworks are cool, happiness is the most important, Lu Yi