At the time of the founding of New China, there were border disputes with most neighboring countries, mainly because of the encroachment of Chinese territory by European colonists, and the Qing Dynasty in the Middle Ages lacked the concept of border lines, so that it was taken advantage of by colonists.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, most of the border lines were clarified, but there were still many disputed areas, and some places should belong to us even under unequal treaties, but were occupied by neighboring countries. Therefore, the focus of diplomacy in the early days of the founding of the country was to demarcate the border and develop friendly relations with neighboring countries.
This work continued until the beginning of this century, except for the Sino-Indian border, other places have been clearly demarcated, and formal border treaties have been signed, and many lands occupied by other countries have finally returned to the embrace of the motherland.
Among these reclaimed lands, the most special nature is Hong Kong, Macao and Tourism University. Hong Kong and Macau were relics of the colonial era, and it was easy to recover them by force, but New China chose a more rational and civilized approach, negotiating with Britain and Portugal respectively, and finally determining the time to return to China.
Legally speaking, Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula were ceded to britain, while the New Territories were leased for 99 years and expired in 1997. It would be unrealistic for the British to return only the New Territories and preserve Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, which are already fully integrated.
More importantly, New China will not allow such a thing to happen, we do not recognize all unequal treaties, we have not used force to take back Hong Kong, it is out of respect for the status quo, take care of the lives of the Hong Kong people, not afraid of the British.
Therefore, when Deng Xiaoping negotiated with Margaret Thatcher to reclaim Hong Kong, he took a very firm position and must take back sovereignty and garrison troops. Although Margaret Thatcher had just won the Falklands War, she did not dare to consider sending a fleet to Hong Kong.
More than 140 years after the Opium War, Britain is no longer the British Empire, and China is no longer the Manchu Qing Dynasty that was slaughtered by others. The British fleet faced Argentina, and it was very difficult to fight a small Falklands, so how dare it send troops to more distant China? Otherwise, China may have directly avenged the Opium War.
During the negotiations, Margaret Thatcher accidentally slipped down the steps of the Great Hall of the People, perhaps this is a true portrayal of the current situation of the British, and even God is warning her that there is a great possibility of falling in China. On July 1, 1997, China officially repossessed Hong Kong, and an era came to an end.
When India repossessed Goa by force, Portugal had no way to do anything, even the European allies who verbally supported it, and had no strength to entangle with China.
In fact, as early as 1974, Macau had announced its independence from the Portuguese government and expressed its willingness to return to China. The cause of this was an armed clash between mercenaries of the colonial authorities and the Liberation Army, which was beaten to death and wounded. The Portuguese in Macau were afraid that the People's Liberation Army would take the opportunity to retake Macau, so they took the initiative to return.
However, at that time, the conditions for the recovery of Macao were not yet available, and Zhou Enlai and other leaders did not agree to this demand and let Macao maintain the status quo. After all, Macau is far less important than Hong Kong, and China needs a peaceful external environment and does not want to force goa back like India. Therefore, the repossession of Macau in 1999 was a matter of course.
Relatively speaking, the situation in China is relatively unfamiliar with the brigade, and Lushun and Dalian were forcibly leased by Tsarist Russia at the end of the 19th century. After the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese occupied the brigade and named it Kwantung Prefecture, and that's how the name of the infamous Kwantung Army came from.
After World War II, the Soviet Union sent troops to the northeast to defeat the Kwantung Army, inheriting the privileges of Tsarist Russia over the brigade region, and deploying land, sea and air forces here. The Nationalist government had no choice but to resign itself to the Soviet Union, and when new China was founded, the Soviet garrison at the brigade became an important topic of conversation between China and the Soviet Union.
As comrades in the socialist camp, the Soviet Union naturally should not have stationed troops on Chinese territory like Tsarist Russia. But the Soviet Union did not want to abandon this ice-free port in the East, a dream that Russia had been striving for for centuries.
According to currently declassified information, Stalin intended that if the Korean War failed, the brigade's Soviet army would assist China in defending northeast China, north China, and China's coastal waters, so that this Soviet base would last a long time.
But China did not give the Soviet Union this opportunity, the volunteers resisted the Americans in Korea, and new China was no longer the country that was incapable of defending itself. As a result, the Soviet Union could only negotiate with China to withdraw the brigade garrison.
In 1955, two years after the victory of the Korean War, all Soviet troops withdrew and China regained sovereignty over the great region. This was the result of a bloody battle by the Volunteers in Korea, leaving no reason for the Soviet Union to maintain this privilege.
In addition to The Brigade University, the newly independent Countries of Russia and Central Asia after the collapse of the Soviet Union have successively negotiated with China and returned several pieces of Chinese land. Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan returned the Uzontuzh river source area and the Charsiri region in 1999 and 2003 respectively, totaling more than 1,000 square kilometres.
The Russians are notoriously keen on land, otherwise how could there have been more than 20 million square kilometers of land in their heyday, and it would be difficult to take food from the mouths of the Russians, but China still wants to return two occupied lands.
Abagatu Chau is a sandbar on the boundary river near Manchuria, with an area of 58 square kilometers. Originally a riverbank on the Chinese side, the river diverted its course and rushed out of this sandbar at the end of the Qing Dynasty, so Tsarist Russia claimed to be its territory and sent troops to occupy it. In 2005, China and Russia signed an agreement that more than half of abagatu's 34.55 square kilometers belonged to China, and the rest belonged to Russia.
The greatest achievement of the Sino-Russian border demarcation was the recovery of Silver Dragon Island and Black Blind Island, which were located on the Chinese side of the main channel of the Ussuri River and occupied by the Soviet Union during the Middle East Road Conflict in 1929. The Soviet Union set up military posts on the island and immigrated, which has been living for more than 70 years.
After painstaking negotiations, China formally reclaimed the western half of Silver Dragon Island and Black Blind Island in 2004, and russian residents on the island protested against it. In 2008, China set up boundary markers and border posts on the island, marking the completion of the demarcation of all borders between China and Russia.
In addition, China completed a border survey with Myanmar in 1960, and Myanmar returned 228 square kilometers of the Pianma area to China. Katama was seized by british colonists after 1910, when the people of the whole country expressed solidarity with the heroic struggle of the Jingpo, Bai and other compatriots.
The largest piece of land recovered by New China is the Karakoram Corridor on the China-Pakistan border, which covers an area of more than 5,800 square kilometers. After the partition of India and Pakistan, Pakistan occupied part of Kashmir, which bordered China, and the Karakoram Corridor was in the region.
In 1963, China supported Pakistan in resisting India's aggression, and Sino-Pakistani relations entered a honeymoon period. Karakoram symbolizes the friendship between China and Pakistan, and the first aircraft jointly developed by the two countries, the K-8 trainer, was named after the "Karakoram".
China is a peace-loving country, and the demarcation of the land border enables China to better develop good-neighborly and friendly relations with neighboring countries, so that China's economic achievements can radiate to the past and benefit more people.
These border divisions are carried out in a friendly atmosphere based on the principle of fairness and reasonableness, perhaps taking advantage of the situation or taking some losses, and are well discussed for the sake of the overall situation of peace. However, if any country wants to use force to occupy China's territory, it cannot give a single inch of land, so that they can taste the iron fist of justice. China, which has been humiliated for a hundred years, has created today's great power, we have ushered in the take-off, and we will take off, and the land that has been recovered step by step is the true portrayal.