What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
Speaking of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, most people have the impression that in addition to his peculiar appearance, there is another thing that he killed heroes. The so-called "cunning rabbit dies, lackeys cook", the founding emperor has always been criticized for killing the founding heroes, but is Zhu Yuanzhang really like the storyteller said, because of his own suspicious suspicion and indiscriminate killing of heroes?
Zhu Yuanzhang statue
On the third day of September in the thirteenth year of Hongwu, two people knelt in the main hall of the Daming Palace. I saw these two people tied up by five flowers, kneeling in front of the main hall, still trembling. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the two men to be severely whipped, and then turned his back on the two men and listened to the two men's pleas for forgiveness, and did not turn his head back. The voices of the two men grew quieter and quieter, until the sound of the whip hitting the flesh could only be heard in the main hall, and they did not stop. These two people had already been beaten to death, and these two people were Zhu Liangzu, the Marquis of Yongjia, and his son Zhu Xian.
Why did Zhu Yuanzhang order these two people to be killed? This Zhu Liangzu had been following Zhu Yuanzhang's saddle forward horse since the surrender of the Ningguo, and had made great military achievements. If nothing else, zhu Yuanzhang's Jiangshan was also partly laid down by Zhu Liangzu. Of course, his military exploits were rewarded, and in the twelfth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered him to defend Guangdong. However, after this Zhu Liangzu arrived in Guangdong, he began to bully the people and make the people complain. Panyu Zhixian Daotong decided to write to the emperor to impeach Zhu Liangzu, who knew that this matter was leaked, and Daotong was instead consulted by Zhu Liangzu, saying that his plot should not be, inciting the people to rebel. Zhu Yuanzhang did not know, so he killed Daotong.
After Dao Tong's death, his recital reached Zhu Yuanzhang's face. Zhu Yuanzhang saw Zhu Yuanliang's evil deeds, learned that he had been deceived, and immediately urged Zhu Liangzu to enter Beijing and read out the guilt of Zhu Liang's grandfather and son, and only then did he have the opening scene. This is just a case of Zhu Yuanzhang killing heroes, and after a closer look at the heroes who were killed in the Ming Dynasty, it seems that they all had military merit and acted arbitrarily, and finally they were killed.
Zhu Yuanzhang was known for his strict military discipline as early as when he was fighting the world, and he had a bit of a taste of the Fa. Once, when he heard that the domestic servants of his subordinate heroes were bullying others, he hurriedly called Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, and other meritorious servants to him, and said, "It was difficult for Er waiting to get up from me. The servants of the animals such as Biwener are arrogant and arrogant, and they exceed the law of etiquette. The villain has no scruples, not to punish early, it may be a rig or a gap, it is better not to be tired of it, it is advisable to go quickly. "It is easy to fight the world, it is difficult to defend the world, Zhu Yuanzhang was born in the grassroots, and he knows well what kind of emperor can win the hearts and minds of the people, which is also one of the important reasons why Zhu Yuanzhang's army can overthrow the Yuan Dynasty and establish a political power."
After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he implemented various harsh punishments and cruel laws, especially those who fought with himself, Zhu Yuanzhang especially restrained them, advocating "leniency to the people and strict treatment of officials." Therefore, his crackdown on corrupt officials and illegal officials has also become the most popular in the past dynasty. Of course, these heroes did not settle down after enjoying the peaceful days, and some of them slowly began to ignore the law and do something illegal.
In the third year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang was a great meritorious person, not only knighted and marquised to them, but also gave them a death-free function Danshu iron coupon. However, these heroes mistakenly thought that the emperor was going to cover them, so some of the heroes began to overhaul the civil engineering for themselves, and Fu Youde, the Duke of Yingguo, asked the emperor to reward the emperor with thousands of acres of land in Huaiyuan. Jiangshan has not yet sat firmly, and the people who were originally oppressed by the Yuan Dynasty were oppressed by these heroes at this time, the society was not yet stable, and the contradictions began to intensify again. So Zhu Yuanzhang deliberately formulated the "iron list" to restrain these heroes.
This iron list stipulates that if the prince's family relies on the power of others, embezzles the property of the farmer, and privately entrusts the door, the shadow of the poor, etc., they will be punished by death. Of course, these princes are also given some opportunities, if the first offender, the guilt is engraved on the iron list, the second offender will hand over the Danshu iron coupon, of course, the matter is also engraved on the iron coupon. The founding hero Xue Xian committed many evil deeds, and Zhu Yuanzhang counted him down according to the records on the iron coupons, stripped him of his title, and issued him with Hainan. Zhu Yuanzhang deliberately did this, just to let those heroes remember that some things cannot be committed, and they must abide by the law, otherwise they will not be able to keep the iron coupons.
Zhu Yuanzhang's education level is not high, but for the deeds of some sages, he also hopes that the heroes under him can compete for anger, and many times he painstakingly admonishes the heroes to abide by the law and not to deceive the people. To this end, he also deliberately formulated many laws, and the history books record:
"Taizu did not follow the etiquette of the family of meritorious servants, and often indulged in luxury and self-indulgence, so that he perished. Although repeatedly added to the ring, the province will eventually be lost. It is the order of Hanlin Confucian subjects to take the old system of the Tang and Song Dynasties and the etiquette set since the beginning of the country, consider the profits and losses, compile the categories into books, order the day to audit the ancient customs, and issue the house of the dukes, and abide by them. ”
However, Zhu Yuanzhang's approach was not understood by the hearts of the heroes. For example, Lan Yu, the Duke of Liangguo, not only occupied the fields of civilians, but also beat up the officials who came to investigate the case; Marquis Hua Yunlong of Huai'an occupied the residence of former Yuan Chancellor and secretly stole the treasures of Former Yuan; marquis Guo Ying of Wuding also provoked a case of human life, and these were only a part. All Zhu Yuanzhang had to do something, at least to kill chickens and monkeys.
In the eighth year of Hongwu, the Hu Weiyong rebellion was widely implicated, including Fei Ju, Lu Zhongheng, Tang Shengzong, Zhao Yong, and Li Shanchang's heads, but on closer inspection, these people were not without bad deeds. Fei Ju had earlier joined Hu Weiyong's camp; Lu Zhongheng and Tang Shengzong had already oppressed the people in the local area; Zhao Yong had secretly summoned slaves during the Yingchang period; Li Shanchang's murder was much controversial, but Li Shanchang had also secretly mobilized troops to build a mansion for himself. Not to mention Hu Weiyong, who had formed a party for personal gain and perverted the law by embezzlement, had reached the point where he had to get rid of them, and Zhu Yuanzhang took this opportunity to take these people to the brim.
During the Hongwu period, there were about 30 founding heroes at the level of dukes. Among the dukes, Feng Sheng was killed because of the Blue Jade case, and Li Shanchang was also implicated in the Hu Weiyong case. The other five Xu Da, Li Wenzhong, Tang He, Chang Mao, and Deng Yu were all good people, and most of the other marquises also died well, such as Geng Bingwen, the Marquis of Changxing, and Guo Ying, the Marquis of Wuding, who lived after Zhu Yuanzhang.
And indeed, in the old age of Zhu Yuanzhang, the crown prince Zhu Biao died, and some of the heroes who accompanied him to fight the world did not pay attention to themselves, and he was deeply afraid that after his death, his successors would not be able to suppress these people, so he had to clean up these ministers who had bad deeds, and those heroes who were usually arrogant, oppressed the common people, and formed parties for personal gain were the first to bear the brunt.
As for Ye Shi's statement that Xu Da died of goose meat poisoning sent by Ming Taizu, Liu Bowen and Li Wenzhong were also poisoned, which was all wronged by Zhu Yuanzhang. Archaeological studies from later histories have demonstrated that these people died of natural causes. So why did Noshi write this? Most of the folk history comes from the readers at that time, and these readers believed in Confucianism, and an emperor who reused cool officials certainly did not get their liking, so various folk processed articles followed, including Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance became extremely ugly. Zhu Yuanzhang became a tyrant who killed heroes indiscriminately.
After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, in order to stabilize the people and destroy the position of Daming in the hearts of the Han people, Zhu Yuanzhang was compiled and written into the history books.
Even if it is true that Zhu Yuanzhang killed many heroes, most of these heroes are not innocent. Zhu Yuanzhang, as a grassroots starter, personally experienced the corruption process of the Yuan Dynasty, and the people who had gone through the war also wanted a stable dynasty without oppression. Therefore, in order to stabilize The dominance of Daming and the long-term peace and stability of the people, Zhu Yuanzhang took up the butcher knife and began to rectify those lawless heroes, but in fact, Zhu Yuanzhang was helpless.