In the process of identifying porcelain, we can of course identify by the charm of porcelain, vessel type, glaze, painter, style recognition, hair color, etc., but the identification of the bottom foot is extremely important in the identification process, especially for the authenticity and generation is a very important basis, which is why the counterfeiter often needs one of the reasons why the old bottom is newly connected.
The papilloma at the bottom of the papillary porcelain is formed after the firing of the nails, that is to say, there are mastoids at the bottom foot of the porcelain after the firing of the nails. The pins began in the Song Dynasty as a kind of spin-off tool used in a handful of porcelain kilns, and changes in the papillae can be seen at the bottom of these porcelains. There is also a kind of porcelain in the tire making process, the bottom in the tire making at the end of the formation of a bulge, also known as the papillae. It is a bulge in the center of the foot, such as a breast protrusion, which is one of the characteristics of ancient porcelain before the Ming and Ming dynasties.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the "mastoid" was obvious, the "mastoid" in the early Ming Dynasty was also larger, the Middle Hongwu period was gradually smaller, and Yongle and Xuande had small "papillae", although Chenghua Hongzhi and Zhengde "mastoids" were rare, but there were "papillae" in the Jiajing Wan calendar, until Chongzhen did not have "papillae".
Brown eyes
Also known as needle nostrils, the bottom glaze of the Kangxi Dynasty often appears in different sizes of "brown eyes", dense and uneven, but regardless of size, the carcass is clearly visible from the "brown eye".
The works of the Republic of Guangxu and now imitating Kangxi, the "brown eye" is large and shallow, and the carcass can generally not be seen from the "brown eye".
Brown-eye close-up
Paste rice bottom
Ming and Ming before the sand bottom plate, due to the high iron content in the tire, after the high temperature after burning, ventilation and cooling, the sand bottom of the blowing wind is oxidized into the traces of rice charred pieces.
Knock on the bottom
When the light is bright, it is red, and due to the thick glaze, it flows to the bottom foot and then sticks to the pad to separate it. The artificial had to be knocked open, causing the bottom foot to resemble a dog bite.
1. Flint red
"Flint red" (kiln red), due to the high iron content in the tire soil before the Ming Dynasty, when heated, the exposed tire was oxidized into brick red, and even the color of sheep's liver.
The flint red is particularly concentrated in the Ming kiln, which has been fainter in the late Ming Dynasty, but there are still common red spots of flint in the Ming Xuande. Flint red was still visible until the early Qing Dynasty.
Imitation flint red is completely different, some are coated with pulp glaze, full of frivolity, and some are yellow.
The rusty black spots in the flint red look moist, natural, not dry, and can be seen in 40 times the amplifier or in the sun.
2. Trim the knife marks
Ancient tire repair knives mostly use bamboo knives, modern tire repairs mostly use steel saw blades, bamboo knives leave knives printed into filaments after repair, and modern saw blades leave knife marks after repair are thick lines (2 to 3 mm distance). The difference is obvious at first glance.
Modern saw blades leave knife marks after repair are thick lines
The bamboo knife is repaired and left a fine filament print
3. The exposed fetal bone observes the aging of the fetal bone and the natural wear and tear of the exposed tire (the wear of the counterfeit product is relatively smooth, not as natural as the real product). Generally speaking, the authentic ancient ceramics, their exposed fetal bones appear relatively dry, while the imitations are different, appearing light and smooth or firm. Of course, it can not be absolutely said, some ancient ceramic tires are also very fine and firm, but compared to imitations or slightly dry;
Ru kiln azure glaze round wash, Song, Palace Museum collection
4. Sticky sand phenomenon
Observe its sticky sand phenomenon, such as the ming before the artifacts have different degrees of sticky sand phenomenon, the Qing officials and people's kilns have a stained sand in the foot of the glaze, and the imitation of this is rarely done (counterfeit products also have a small number of sticky sand, but not as old and dry as the real thing), because its firing process is higher than in ancient times, the glaze is not so thick, will not cause the glaze, and then add more for the mold and too regular and other reasons, so that it is rarely sticky sand;
5. "Spin marks" include "jump knife marks",
Throughout the practice of the foot in each period has its own special features, so you can also identify the pattern of its exposed tire traces, such as the Southern Song Dynasty bottle foot has a circle of swirling patterns, the Yuan artifacts also have more spin blank marks and chicken heart points, the Ming Dynasty has more radial jumping knife marks, spin blank marks are few (only the first few dynasties with the remains of the Yuan Dynasty), most of the Qing kilns can see the traces of the spin billet through the glaze layer, the official kilns can hardly see any traces, and the imitations often cannot do this, either too left or too right.
6. Plantar observation
The bottom foot is old and natural, there is no mud and silt and other people who cannot be washed clean, and no one has been re-burned for the sake of aging.
7. Inner fold angleAbout the inner fold angle. The inner fold angle is the angle between the bottom surface and the foot wall. There is a accumulated glaze in this angle, that is, when the glaze is glazed, it accumulates more, and after more, it will show a shrimp cyan. This was a frequent occurrence before the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and now imitations have also noticed this problem. However, the glaze of the imitation is different from the glaze of the genuine product in two points. First, it is not shrimp cyan but light green, even if it can approach shrimp cyan is green. Second, the blue line of the Ming Dynasty shrimp is somewhat narrow, and the latter imitation is relatively wide.
(The picture and text are from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author)