Xinzhou characters: Yuan Haoqing, Xinfu District, a famous literary figure of the Jin Dynasty

Yuan Haowen (1190-1257), courtesy name Yuzhi, was a native of Xiurong, Taiyuan (present-day Xinzhou), and a famous literary scholar of the Jin Dynasty.

Yuan Haoqing's ancestors were xianbei tribes, and the surname tuoba was restored, and during the Northern Wei Dynasty, he moved south with Emperor Xiaowen to Luoyang, changed his surname to Yuan, and settled in Ruzhou, Henan, and moved to Pingding, Shanxi five generations later. His ancestor Yuanyi (高祖元義) was an envoy of the Shenwu Army in Xinzhou during the Northern Song Dynasty. Great-grandfather Yuan Chun served as an envoy to the Northern Song Dynasty's Yuzhou regiment, during which time he moved from Pingding to Xiurong (present-day Xinzhou). His grandfather, Yuan Zishan, worked as a Jin Dynasty soft dress (near present-day Inner Mongolia Tumut Right Banner Tokto). His father, Yuan Deming, was a poet who was tired of lifting and not being the first, and was good at poetry, and wrote "Dongyan Collection".

After Yuan Haoqing was born, he passed on to his uncle Yuan Ge. From the age of 5, he studied with his uncle who was a county commander in Ye County, Shandong Province. At the age of 14, Yuan Ge was transferred to Lingchuan Ling, and YuanWen studied under the name of Lingchuan's famous Confucian Hao Tianting. When he was 21 years old, his uncle died of illness, and Yuan Hao asked to help the coffin return to his original hometown Xiurong and lived in his hometown for four or five years. In the fourth year of Jin Zhenyou (1216), the Mongol army besieged Taiyuan, and Yuan Haowen fled to Henan with his family and family, where he wandered for five or six years in Sanxiang, Dengfeng, Kunyang and other places. In the fifth year of Jin Xingding (1221), Yuan Haoqing zhongjinshi (元好問中進士), who served as an editor of the National History Academy. After the fourth year of Jin Zhengdae (1227), Yuan Haowen successively served as Zhenping, Neixiang, and Nanyang County. In the first year of Jin Kaixing (1232), when the Jin Dynasty was about to collapse, he was transferred back to Fenjing and appointed as the governor of Zuosi and succeeded Shangshu Province. In the spring of the following year, the Jin dynasty general Cui Li rebelled, Jing fell, and Yuan Haowen was imprisoned in Liaocheng (辽城, in modern Liaocheng, Shandong). Two years later, he moved to Guanshi (present-day Guan County, Shandong) for four years. In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1239), Yuan Haowen returned to his hometown Xiurong and built the Yeshi Pavilion, specializing in writing. In order to collect jin history materials, he worked tirelessly, running around, and collecting a wide range of bona. In the seventh year of Emperor Yuanxianzong's reign (1257), he died of illness at the age of 68.

In terms of literary and artistic creation, poetry articles are very prominent, just as the celebrities at that time commented: "The poetry zu Li and Du, the law is profound and has a bold and bold spirit; Wen Zong'ou and Han, Zheng Daming da and no strange and obscure words; Le Fu (words) is fresh and frustrated, delicate and bright, the system is the most prepared, and can use customs as elegant, change and make new, get the magic of the predecessors, Dongpo, Jiaxuan and no matter what." For this reason, later generations also said that he was "the greatest of the two Song Dynasties, the temple of the Golden Poets, and the ancestor of the Yuanwen." In terms of quantity, Yuan Haoqing has more than 1360 extant poems, more than Li Bai and close to Du Fu. Because of these achievements, he occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature.

In terms of literary and artistic theory, he formed a unique system and a progressive view of literature and art. His "On Thirty Poems", "On Three Poems", "Introduction to Yang Shuneng Xiaoheng's Collection" and "Preface to Tao Ran's Poetry Collection" reflect his literary and artistic views in a concentrated way. In particular, "On Thirty Poems" systematically recounts the successes and failures of important poets since Jian'an, creatively puts forward their own literary and artistic propositions, and plays an important role in changing the ills of the literary world at that time and inspiring future generations of literary and artistic creation. He advocated reflecting reality, opposing "secret exploration," and advocating the construction of a healthy style; advocating natural simplicity, opposing simulated causes and encouraging the spirit of innovation; advocating being strong and bold, opposing the delicate and dangerous monsters, and striving for sincerity of feelings; opposing mannerism and attaching importance to the sentiments of writers; advocating the unification of literature and morality, opposing formalism, and emphasizing the broad range of teachers and masters.

In terms of historiography, his achievements are also very prominent. The historical materials he collected in the Miscellaneous Compilations of Nongchen provided very valuable materials for compiling the History of Jin. The Zhongzhou Collection, which he compiled, is a collection of poetry of the Jin Dynasty, which not only preserves the poetry of the Jin Dynasty relatively completely, but also creates a new style of poetry history. The wild history materials he accumulated also had a great influence on future generations.

Source: Xinzhou Regional Chronicle, December 1997. Huang Xiang (Yin Shan Worm) was sorted out in January 2022