One
There is a Xi'an folk song: "Say Dongguan, Dao Dongguan, Dongguan has an Eight Immortals Nunnery." Steamed steamed steamed steamed steam There is also a song of Hu Filler that circulated when I was a student: "Forward forward, to the south pass, to the north pass, to the west pass, to the eight immortals of the east pass." The Taoist priests there sat upright, and we lined up to draw lots. Draw a sign, Dongguan's roast chicken does not need money..."
The Eight Immortals Temple, founded in the Song Dynasty, is regarded as a Taoist immortal resort. It is located in the northeast corner of Tangxingqing Palace, and is now Dongguan Changlefang in Xi'an City. But this Changle Fang and the Changle Fang of Tang Chang'an City are not the same thing.
Xi'an Eight Immortals and I are not shallow, after the Great Leap Forward era in 1958, when the pomp and exaggeration prevailed, and then the most difficult three years of difficult times in 1961, I was in the fifth grade of primary school, and I practiced stalls here with my father. At that time, there was a free market, also known as the black market.
The father, who was forced to be helpless, set up a stall in the Hachisen-an free market to do some small business, which was the most taboo thing in that year, and belonged to the target of severe crackdown. Eight Immortals Is the largest and most famous market in Xi'an, the management is very strict, anyway, the stalls at any time there is a risk of being confiscated and taken away, not to mention that the father must be operating without a license. I used to help look at the stalls on the ground, and the so-called "stalls" were also. That is, lay a tarpaulin on the ground and put goods on it to sell. When the market management was the strictest, my father was responsible for inspecting the market gate, and when he found that it was wrong, he shouted or beckoned, so I was busy cleaning up the stalls, rolling up the tarpaulin and drilling into the back alley to hide. Wait for the red armband to go and put it out. That's nothing more than making a small profit. I also used Sundays to follow my father out of the stall three times. When I encountered the inspection that year, I was still quite alert, and the roll stall was also very sharp. At lunchtime, my father treated me, took me to a restaurant next to the Eight Immortals Temple, brought me a bowl of red meat to cook steamed buns, remember a large bowl, on which the white is a slice of fatty meat, and the red is a thick layer of spicy oil. It was a "three-year difficult" hunger time! I can't eat meat once in half a year. When I was afraid of being hot when I opened it, I used my mouth to blow the oil, and the oil was so strong that it blew it open, and it came back, and I didn't eat it in my mouth, and it was already fragrant enough to make me fight. These have become memories that I will never forget.
Two
At that time, the Eight Immortals Nunnery had real estate allocated by the Qing Dynasty imperial court free of charge, which was cultivated by the Taoist monks themselves. My friend Shangzi Zhou, a former president of Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, recalled: "In the 1960s, when I was in my second year of high school, I happened to arrange for our class to harvest wheat for the Eight Immortals Taoist Temple. Approaching the exam, there is a chance to relax, the students are very enthusiastic, harvesting, bundling, pulling, you scramble, do a good job. The Elders were very happy to see that the students were working so hard, and the lunch arrangement was risotto, oil and spicy seeds, and the white-noodle steamed buns were big and white, and the pipe was full. At that time, young, long body, can eat, and in difficult times, usually can not eat enough, it is difficult to have a chance to eat tube full, rare, the most among the classmates ate two bowls of stew, 6 steamed buns, and while eating, said: "How many years have not eaten such a full meal, really fragrant!" ”
The bed board on which his friend Wang Keliang slept at the Eight Immortals Nunnery was a royal plaque inscribed by Empress Dowager Cixi, which was surprising. Speaking of this royal plaque, it is the four-character plaque of "Yuqing zhidao" inscribed on the eight immortals when the Eight-Nation Alliance army broke through the city of Beijing and fled west to Xi'an. At that time, there was no bed board, so the Dao Commander casually pulled out this plaque from the warehouse, and Wang Keliang slept for five years. At that time, when I wrote the "Story of the Old Third Session", I wanted to link Wang Keliang's later development with this royal plaque of Lafayette, and wrote a chapter "The Man Who Slept on the Imperial Plaque at the Eight Immortals Nunnery" to give Wang Keliang a magical aura.
Empress Dowager Cixi fled west to Xi'an for refuge and stayed at the Eight Immortals Nunnery in the twenty-sixth year of the Qing Dynasty (1900). Lafayette also issued 1,000 taels of silver, ordered Li Zongyang, the governor of the Eight Immortals Palace, to build a archway, and gave the name "Eight Immortals Palace of Wanshou", which is the reason why the Eight Immortals Nunnery was named "Eight Immortals Palace" by being named "Palace", but the old Xi'an people still like to call it Eight Immortals Temple.
Three
I remember going to the Eight Immortals Palace at that time, and I had a very good impression of this place. Only to see a few courtyard pavilions, small bridges and flowing water, the environment is quiet, the courtyard is full of strange flowers and grasses, there are several towering ancient trees, green cover like clouds, like Qionglin Langyuan, fairy resorts, recognize people have a sense of forgetfulness.
I am particularly interested in the plaques and yanglian hanging inside and outside the door of the Eight Immortals Palace, such as the plaque "The Great Light of its Dao" inscribed by The Kuomintang elder Shao Lizi hanging on the central eyebrow of the Lingguan Palace Door, the couplet of "Supporting the Right and Suppressing evil and Stabilizing the Parties"; the plaque of the Qing Guangxu Emperor's imperial pen "Baozhen Immortal Biography" hanging on the door of the Eight Immortals Hall, and the two pairs of couplets at the temple door. The first pair is: "Guidian imitation Lin Palace bead foil silver screen hundred two Guanhe condensation color." Under the column of the canon, the Lang Han Jade Axis five thousand moral famous words. The second pair is: Twilight Drum Morning Bell Alert Dust Fan Huang Liang Dream Donghua Preaching Bell Departs from the Teaching Technique Guang Chu Ci Du. Zhu Yu Qingsheng Lang Yong Bu False Praise Dong Xuan Quan Zhen Lang Yuan Lin Gong Xinhui Gong Gong Immortal. As well as plaques such as "Fuzong Yi Sect", "Honorable Dao Guide", "Daofa Heaven and Earth", "Vacuum Magic Use", "Universalization and Origin", etc., read them carefully and make people enlightened.
The Dictionary of Xi'an of the Republic of China states: "In November of the fifteenth year of the Republic of China (1926), Xi'an was lifted, and in January of the following year, Feng Yuxiang led his troops to Xi'an and his subordinates were stationed in the Taoist Temple of the Eight Immortals Palace, and the existing Taoist classics were damaged. The prison court asked the Shaanxi celebrity Song Bolu to try to stop it, and Song sent a letter to Feng Yuxiang to mediate. Feng Yuxiang ordered the army to withdraw from the Eight Immortals Palace, so that the cultural relics and classics in the Taoist Temple could be preserved.
In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), when Tang Xu'an was the superintendent of the Eight Immortals Palace, it was fully renovated, and Yang Hucheng, Shao Lizi, Sun Weiru, Yu Youren and others donated more than 24,000 yuan to rebuild the Lü zu Hall, the Taibai Hall, the Lingguan Hall, the Eight Immortals Hall, the Doumu Hall, and the Mountain Gate, which were completed in 27 years (1938). ”
In addition, there are two stele on the brick wall of the courtyard, one is the "Monument to the Reconstruction of the Eight Immortals Palace in Xijing" erected by the Tang Xu Nunnery In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938) after the reconstruction of the Eight Immortals Palace with the support of General Yang Hucheng and Shao Lizi, and the other is the "Monument to the Longevity of Empress Dowager Cixi" erected by Li Zongyang daochang for Cixi. It is particularly rare and has become the most direct witness to the history of the Eight Immortals Palace.
Four
The legend of the Eight Immortals originated in Shaanxi, and the main activities of several of the Eight Immortals were in the areas of Chang'an and Guanzhong. For example, Li Tieqiu sleepwalked in Mount Hua with Lao Jun to cultivate. The "Complete Biography of the Eight Immortals" written by the Qing Dynasty Wushi Daoist said that the Zixia Cave of Mount Hua was the cave house of Li Tiequan. Later, Li Tiequan practiced in Zhongnan Mountain and lit up Zhong Liquan. Zhong Liquan was a Tang Dynasty Jingzhao Xianyang native, he enlightened Lü Yan (Lü Dongbin), and then carried him to practice in Zhongnan Mountain, Mei County Tangyu has the "Zhong Lüping" site. The Quan Tang Poems contain Zhong Liquan's "Three Absolute Sentences on the Wall of Chang'an Liquor". Among them, there are verses such as "Sitting and lying down often carry a pot of wine" and "evacuating a husband among people", which shows its style. There is also "self-proclaimed residence even the sea, don't be the first peak of Penglai", pointing out the yearning for Penglai Wonderland.
The prototype of Zhang Guolao in the Eight Immortals is the famous Tang Dynasty Taoist zhang guo, when he was in Chang'an, Tang Xuanzong's chongdao thought was greatly influenced by him, because of his immortality, there are legends of marrying his royal sister, and there are various records of Zhang Guo's abilities in the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang.
Han Xiangzi has Xiangzi Cave in Lantian to commemorate him in Languan to ignite Han Wengong (Han Yu), and Han Yu's "Left Move to Languan to Show Nephew Sun Xiang" has a poem "Where is the family of The Cloud Heng Qinling Mountains, the snow embraces the blue Pass and the horse does not move forward". According to legend, Han Xiangzi was Han Yu's nephew and grandson, living in seclusion in Languan, and living with Han Yue in Chang'an, xi'an has Xiangzi Temple Street as a record.
And Lan Caihe also has a legend, he often carries a flower basket and sings on Chang'an Avenue, and the Quan Tang Poetry contains a poem "Stepping Song": "Stepping On the Song and Stepping On the Song Lan Caihe, the world can be geometric." Red face three spring trees, flowing year a shuttle. "In the early Qing Dynasty opera, there was "Lan Cai and Chang'an Farce". After Lan Caihe got drunk in the restaurant, he soared into a crane and became a fairy.
Five
It can be said that the worship of the Eight Immortals preceded the worship of Zhong Lu, and the core figures of the Eight Immortals should be mainly Zhong Lu. The worship of the Eight Immortals is closely related to the Taoist Quanzhen Dao, and the Chongyang Palace in Huxian Is the ancestral temple of the Quanzhen Dao. The legend of Wang Chongyang, the ancestor of quanzhen dao, is inspired by Lü Dongbin, and Lü Zu is honored as a teacher. Zhong Liquan, Lü Dongbin, Wang Chongyang, and the aforementioned Liu Hai toad were enshrined as the Five Ancestors of the North by Quanzhen Dao. It can be said that from the worship of Zhong Lu to the worship of the Eight Immortals, it was caused by the True Path.
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, when Quanzhen Dao was at its peak, Genghis Khan of the Yuan Taizu hired Qiu Chuji, one of Wang Chongyang's seven sons, as a national teacher to lead the country's Taoism, and Qiu Chuji must have greatly admired Lü Dongbin, who was one of the five ancestors of quanzhen Dao, and it was Qiu Chuji who presided over the construction of Lü Dongbin's Pure Yang Palace in Rui County, Shanxi. And now in the Eight Immortals Palace in Xi'an, there is a Lü Zu Hall dedicated to Lü Dongbin in the East Cross Courtyard, and a Qiu Zu Hall in the West Cross Courtyard that sacrifices Qiu Chuji, which proves this.
I remember that every time I went to the cultural relics market of the Eight Immortals Temple, I had to turn around, although I didn't come here to find treasures and leaks, just feel the historical atmosphere of the somewhat moldy here, look at the Qin brick Han tiles, Tang Dynasty bronze mirrors, and the crock pots and jade that do not know the age and provenance, and I am in a good mood, comfortable and happy. I have also admired the famous old Xujia Huang Gui Chou Hotel here to taste the store's claim that The Eight Immortals in the year Lu Dongbin, as well as Li Bai "drink in the Eight Immortals" and other people drank thick wine. The "Dictionary of Xi'an of the Republic of China" contains: Changle Fang Xuji Huang Gui Chou Hotel "In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, it was already famous in Chang'an. It was passed on to Mr. Right Ren when he was in Shaanxi, he went to drink, and after drinking, he improvised the signboard of 'Xujia Huanggui Chou Hotel'. ”
There was also such a couplet hanging high in the hall: "Li Bai asked who was good, and Liu Ling replied that it was high here." "Of course, I can't care less about asking whether this is true or false, come here to drink a bowl of thick wine, just to relive the "Li Baidou wine hundred poems, Chang'an City on the restaurant sleep" of the dashing.
□ Zhu Wenjie