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The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Classic of Traditional Chinese Studies, Lecture 23: Liechuan Kui Hu Liechuan

author:Reading is a blessing, not a curse

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is a historical literary work compiled by fan Ye, a historian of the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasties, and is one of the "Twenty-Four Histories". The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, together with the Records of History, the Book of Han, and the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, is known as the "First Four Histories". The Book of later Han is divided into ten ages, eighty columns, and eight zhi (taken from Sima Biao's "Book of Continuation of the Han Dynasty"), and the whole book mainly records the first year of the Han Guangwu Emperor Jianwu (25 AD) from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the twenty-fifth year of the Han Xiandi Jian'an (220 AD), a total of 195 years of history. Most of the "Book of Later Han" follows the ready-made styles of "History" and "Book of Han", but in the process of writing the book, Fan Ye made innovations and changes according to the specific characteristics of the history of the Generation during the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is rigorously structured and orderly. For example, the eighty columns are generally arranged according to the order of the times. The first three volumes are of the two Han Dynasties, and the next nine volumes are of the clan princes and important generals of the Guangwu era. The progressiveness of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is also reflected in the courage to expose dark politics, sympathy and praise of justice, on the one hand, exposing the magnates of the fish and meat people, and on the other hand, commending those middle and lower classes who are strong and upright and are not afraid of violence. #历史 #

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Classic of Traditional Chinese Studies, Lecture 23: Liechuan Kui Hu Liechuan

Kui Hu Character Ji Meng, Tianshui Chengji Ren also. Shōshū Shōshū Shōshū Shōshū Sh Wang Mang's master Liu Xin became a soldier. Dead, back home. Ji Father Cui, Su Haoxia, can win the crowd. Wen Geng's army was defeated in succession, so he conspired with his brother Yi and Yang Guang of Shangyi and Zhou Zong of Ji to raise an army to meet Han. "Husband, soldier, murder also." Clan Ho Gu! "Cui did not listen, so he gathered thousands of people, attacked Xiang, killed Mang Zhen Rong Da Yin, Cui, Guang, and others thought that the matter was established with a common heart, Xian said that Huan was famous, good scriptures, and then promoted to be a general. He had no choice but to say, "Fathers and wise men do not measure children." He who can speak with his word dares to obey his orders. Everyone knows "No". He sent envoys to hire The Pingling people Fang Wang, thinking that they were military masters. Looking at it, he said: "The foot wants to inherit the heavens and the people, and assist the Han to rise, and the present founder is in Nanyang, and Wang Mang is still in Chang'an, although he wants to take the name of Han, in fact, he has nothing to do, so how will he see and believe in the public?" It is advisable to set up a high temple, called the shrine of the subject, the so-called 'Shinto religion', and those who ask for help from people and gods are also. And etiquette has a profit and loss, and the quality of the text is impermanent. Cut the ground to open the omen, the Moz soil steps, so that it is solemn. Although there are no things, the gods know that they are all there. "Hu obeyed his words, and then set up a temple in the east, worshiping Gaozu, Taizong, and Sejong. Hu and others were called ministers and deacons, and Shi Fengbi told him. Zhu Bi, there is a division to wear a can in court, lead a horse to handle the knife, serve the wrong hammer, and then cut the cattle and make an alliance. "All the thirty-one generals of my alliance, ten have six surnames, Allowing Heavenly Dao, Xingfu Liu Zong." If you are worried, the gods will perish. Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Wu fell to their deaths, Emperor Wuzong was enlisted, and the clan perished. There was a division of blood, and the guards raised their hands and waved at the generals: "If you don't get blood, you don't enter the mouth, you are deceiving the gods, and you are punished like an alliance." "And the blood and the book are like the ancient rites." After the completion of the matter, he was transferred to the county state and said: In July of the first year of the Han Dynasty, he had unitary Shuo. Ji Wei, the general Kui Huan, the White Tiger general Kui Cui, the left general Kui Yi, the right general Yang Guang, the Mingwei general Wang Zun, the Yunqi general Zhou Zong, etc., sued Zhou Mu, the ministry supervisor, the county pawn zheng, Lian Li, Da Yin, Yin, Wei Bian Dafu, Zhi Zheng, and the subordinate order: Wang Mang, the marquis of Xindu, slowly insulted heaven and earth, and rebelled against reason. He killed Emperor Xiaoping and usurped his throne. Correction of the Mandate of Heaven, forged runes, deceived the multitudes, and angered God. Anti-jiao ornament, thinking that Xiangrui. Teasing the gods and singing the praises of misfortune. Chu and Yue zhi bamboo are not enough to write about their evil. The world is clear, and it is heard and heard. Let's take a few big words to illustrate the people. The heavens are the Father, the earth is the mother, and the blessings of misfortune are brought down by each of them. Mang knew it, but he was ignorant and touched, disregarding the taboo, confusing the heavenly techniques, and quoting historical legends. In the past, Qin Shi Huang destroyed the Fa and wanted to reach the ten thousand worlds with one or two numbers, and the thirty-six thousand years of the calendar were reckless, and they deserved to do this. Follow the path of the Qin Dynasty and push the infinite number. It is also its great sin against heaven. Split the county and cut off the network. Tian is Wang Tian, and it is impossible to sell and buy. Regulate the mountains and seize the people's own business. Nine temples were built, and the earth was made of poverty. East of the Tsukasa River, attack the hills and ridges. This is also the great sin of rebellion against the earth.

Ji Meng, a native of Chengji County, Tianshui County. In his youth, he worked as a state and county official. Wang Mang's master Liu Xin (劉歆) made Kui Huan his own Yuanshi. After Liu Xin's death, Kui Huan returned to his hometown. His uncle Kui Cui was known for his bravery and chivalry, and was supported by everyone. Hearing that Wang Mang's army had been defeated in succession as the Son of Heaven, he plotted with his brother Kui Yi and Yang Guang of Shanggui and Zhou Zong of Ji to raise an army in response to the Han army. Kui Huan stopped and said, "Sending troops to fight is a dangerous thing!" What is the sin of our clan? Kui Cui did not listen, so he gathered thousands of people to attack Pingxiang and kill Wang Mang's Zhenrong Dayin. Kui Cui, Yang Guang, and others thought that if they wanted to do something, they should set up a master general to unify the minds of the people, and they all said that Kui Huan was famous and loved scriptures, so they jointly elected Kui Huan as a general. Kui Huan resigned, and had no choice but to say, "The fathers and the sages look up to my son, and I must use my opinion before I dare to obey my fate." And everybody said, "Okay." "Kui Huan was standing, and sent envoys to hire Fang Wang, a Pingling man, as a military division. Fang Wangzhi suggested to Kui Huan: "If you want to accept the mandate of heaven and follow the people's hearts and assist Han to start an incident, and now you are standing in Nanyang, Wang Mang is still guarding Chang'an, although he wants to act in the name of Han, in fact, he has not received han's orders, so what will he use to make everyone believe?" We should quickly build a temple of the High Ancestors, call the subjects worship, the so-called 'Shinto religion', and turn to the gods of man. And the ceremony varies from time to time, and there are additions, deletions, and changes, and there is no routine for simplicity and magnificence. Cutting the ground to open the trillion domain, although it is a hut soil step, can also show reverence. Although there is no material equipment, the gods will not leave here. Kui Huan obeyed his words and set up a temple in Yidong to worship Gaozu, Taizong, and Sejong. Kui Huan and others were called ministers and deacons, and Zhu Shi held a jade bi in his hand to warn the gods. After the blessing, the various functional officials came and went to the court, some leading horses and knives, some carrying plates and spoons, so they killed the animals and made an alliance. Meng Dao: "A total of thirty-one generals with sixteen surnames, followed the Heavenly Dao, and Xingbing assisted Liu Zong." If there is a wrongdoer, the gods will destroy him. Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Wu caused him to die, the clan was washed in blood, and the clan was destroyed. The officials marched forward with spoons containing the blood of the animals, and the guards raised their hands to the generals and said, "The spoon does not stain the blood, and if the blood does not enter, it is to deceive the gods and punish him according to the oath of the alliance." "In this way, the blood of the animals was smeared on the mouth, on the covenant, and it was carried out in full accordance with the ancient rites. At the end of the ceremony, a document was issued to inform the counties and states: "The first day of July in the first year of the Han Dynasty (23) is the day of self-unitary. On the day of the day, the general Kui Huan, the White Tiger general Kui Cui, the left general Kui Yi, the right general Yang Guang, the Mingwei general Wang Zun, and the Yunqi general Zhou Zong, all sent a message to the states pastors, ministers, county officials, lian rates, great Yin, Yin, Wei Team Doctor, Subordinate Zheng, and subordinate orders: Wang Mang, the former Marquis of Xindu, insulted and neglected heaven and earth, rebelled against the Tao, rebelled against reason, poisoned Emperor Xiaoping, and usurped the throne. Pretending to be the Mandate of Heaven and making a false spell book, nonsense said that he should replace the Han Emperor, deceive the people, and anger the heavens. Obedient and violent, he whitewashes the pseudo-text as an auspicious Fu Rui. Gibberish teases the gods and praises the scourge. Although there are many bamboos in Chu and Yue, they are not enough to write their sins. The people of the world have heard and witnessed what he has done. Now let me briefly mention a few major aspects to illustrate the people. Heaven is the Father and the earth is the Mother, and the blessings and misfortunes are sensed at the corresponding time. Wang Mang knew the truth of heaven and man's induction, but he was stubborn and deliberately offended, did not hesitate, and whenever there was a calamity, he quoted the historical legend to distort the explanation and whitewash his crimes. In the past, Qin Shi Huang destroyed the Fa and called himself the First Emperor when he was alive, and passed it on from generation to generation, wanting to be called emperor from generation to generation until the end of the world. Following in the footsteps of Qin Shi Huang, Wang Mang issued a calendar of 36,000 years and claimed that the Wang regime would be passed down from generation to generation during these years. Along the trajectory of the Dead Qin, an infinite number of calendars is introduced. This was his great sin against heaven. Wang Mang split the county and severed the borders, and renamed Tianxiatian as Wang Tian. Buying and selling is prohibited. It is stipulated that the famous mountains and dazes will be imprisoned and the people's business of fishing and hunting will be taken away. The indiscriminate construction of nine temples is extremely extravagant. Dig up all the tombs in Hedong and plunder the hills. This is his great sin against the earth. 

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Classic of Traditional Chinese Studies, Lecture 23: Liechuan Kui Hu Liechuan

Honor the thief, credit adultery, slander loyalty, repeat the spoken language, gallop in red cars, crown the law in the morning and night, unjustly innocent, and vain people. The punishment of the cannon grid is to remove the law of the times, to be infused with alcohol, and to attack with five poisons. Government decrees change day by day, official names change month by month, currency changes, officials and people are confused, do not know what to do, poor merchants, and weep on the market road. Set up as six pipes, increase weight and endowment, carve off the people, thick self-support, bud tho popularity, wealth into public assistance, greed and bribery up and down, Mo Xiang examination, the people sit on copper charcoal, did not enter the bell official, disciples of Yin Ji, hundreds of thousands of people, craftsmen starved to death, Chang'an is smelly. Chaos in the Summers, madness and rebellion, the north attacked Qianghu, the south disturbed Jinyue, the west invaded Qiangrong, and the east picked up Qiang. Let the four realms be outside, merged into harm, the border counties, the border of the river and the sea, and the land of purification without class. Therefore, where the offensive battles are defeated, where the harsh laws are trapped, where hunger is lost, and where the diseases and epidemics are reached, tens of thousands. The dead are left unconcealed, while the living are scattered, young orphaned women, and displaced prisoners. This is also the great sin of its perverse man. That is why God mourned and punished recklessly, and his wife was overthrown and cursed himself. The chancellor rebelled, and the death form was completed. Sima Dongzhong the Great, Liu Xin (劉歆), and the Wei general Wang Shi (王涉) all conspired to rebel internally, and Order Kong Ren, NaYan Yan you, and Emperor Zhizong Chen Mao surrendered. More than 2 million soldiers in Shandong have been pingqi, Chu, Xiashu, Han, Dingwan, Luo, Aocang, Shouhangu, Weifeng Sibu, Xuanfeng Zhongyue. Rise and fall, seal all nations, abide by the old system of Gaozu, and cultivate the legacy of filial piety. There is no obedience, the wu army is peaceful. Chi ordered the four Yi and restored his knighthood. Then also the division Zhen Brigade, bow and bow drum. Commandeer the people, each in peace, and have no responsibility for the son. Huan Naile soldiers 100,000, killed Yongzhou Mu Chen Qing. Will attack and settle. Anding The Great Yin Wang Xiang, the son of Mang from his brother Ping Ah Hou Tan, was able to carry out his state alone, and there were no traitors in the counties. It is a matter of moving the book to the direction, metaphorically referring to the Mandate of Heaven, repeatedly teaching, and finally not obeying. So he marched into the army to win over the people, and then he marched to the battlefield and settled down. And Chang'an zhong also raised an army against Wang Mang. He dispatched the generals Longxi, Wudu, Jincheng, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, and Dunhuang. In the first two years, he sent envoys to Zheng Huan and Cui and Yi. Fang Wang thought that the beginning was unknowable, fixed, and did not listen. I hope to leave with a letter of thanks, saying: The foot will build Yi and Lü Zhiye, and carry forward the merits of the world, and the major events will be created, and the heroes will not be gathered. In order to hope that a person in a foreign land, the flaws have not yet been revealed, and he wants to worship Guo Kui first, and he wants to hope for Leyi, so he accepts the great will and does not let the wind go. The general and even the virtuous, the broad and the strategic, the meritorious action, the development of power, the foundation has been determined, the great xun fang. Now that Heon-joon is together, Yu Fei is shoulder to shoulder, looking forward to the virtue of the examination, and the indecent guests are above, sincerely ashamed. Although he cherishes the festival of Jieran, if he wants to go away, he will not betray his roots in the end, and he will also be determined. Why? Fan Li accepted the blame and took a boat in the Five Lakes; his uncle was guilty of the crime of Wen Gong and also patrolled the river. The husband is the sage of the second son, and the two countries are remembered, and the traces are cut back, and the order is begging, and the hope is laborless, and the cover is also appropriate. Looking at wushi has the mountain of longchi, the micro-path Nantong, and the Han dynasty, and there are strange people in its evening, chatting and leisure, and seeking its truth. May the General be encouraged.

[Translation] Honoring the cruel thief, trusting the adulterer, slandering the loyal and upright people, making excuses, surrounding the red-draped car to gallop on the road, the officials wearing the crown of law arrest the innocent in the morning and night, and killing all the families of the people at every turn. Burn the good people with cruel incineration, abolish the old law of the times, and crack the five poisons with alcohol. Government decrees change every day, official names change every month, currencies change year after year, officials and people are wrong, they don't know what to do, businessmen and tourists are poor and embarrassed, and they cry on the city roads. Decrees with six pipes, increasing taxes, exploiting the people, enriching themselves with private pockets, bribing public banks, and submerging wealth into the three public and auxiliary ministers, no one has inspected and examined them at all. The people sat on the sin and minted money, locked their necks with iron locks, and were enslaved to the bell officials, and the prisoners and slave prisoners gathered together, as many as hundreds of thousands of people, the craftsmen starved to death, and the smell of corpses could be smelled in Chang'an City. China has been disturbed, and its arrogance has become even more rampant, attacking Qianghu in the north, harassing Jinyue in the south, invading Qiangrong in the west, and disturbing qi in the east, so that neighboring countries on all sides are merged into the border, and the counties and counties on the border, on the edge of the rivers and seas, the victims of the disaster are all dead. Therefore, the people who died and were injured in the war under Wang Mang's abuse, the people who were framed under the violent criminal law, the people who froze to death and starved to death, and the people taken away by the disease and plague, tens of thousands. The bodies of the dead could not be buried in the wilderness, the living fled into exile, and the young orphans and women were displaced and plundered. This was his great sin against men. "So heaven took pity on the people and punished Wang Mang, and he killed several sons and his wife. The chancellor rose up against him, and the situation of his demise had taken shape. Sima Dongzhong the Great, Liu Xin (劉歆), and the Wei general Wang Shi (王涉) all united to disintegrate from within; Si Ming Kong Ren, Na Yan Yan You, and Emperor Zhizong Chen Mao surrendered outside. Now more than two million soldiers in Shandong have pacified Qi, Chu, Xiashu, and Han, stabilized Wan and Luo, according to Ao Cang, Shou Han Guan, Wei Feng SiBu, xuan wei name in Zhongyue. Revive the Han Dynasty to inherit Liu Si, seal all the nations, follow the old system of Gaozu, restore the traditional moral government of Filial Piety, and if anyone dares to disobey, he will use force to pacify it. Envoys were sent to the neighboring countries to restore their original titles. Then the division reorganized the troops and collected the bows and arrows and golden drums. Hereby order the people to live and work in peace and contentment, and to live and work in peace and contentment, and to live up to their responsibilities. Kui Huan then led 100,000 troops and killed Yongzhou Mu Chen Qing. Prepare for offensive stability. Wang Xiang of Anding, the son of Wang Mang's cousin Wang Tan the Marquis of Ping'a, was quite powerful and popular in the and middle of the and northern states, and the county did not rebel against him. Kui Huan then wrote a letter to Wang Xiang, telling him with the Mandate of Heaven and repeatedly teaching instructions, but Wang Xiang never obeyed. So the soldiers took him prisoner, declared the people, and then killed him, and surrendered in peace. At this time, someone in Chang'an City raised an army to kill Wang Mang. Kui Huan then dispatched his generals to capture Longxi, Wudu, Jincheng, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, and Dunhuang, and all of them were captured. In the first two years (24), envoys were sent to recruit Kui Hu and Kui Cui and Kui Yi. Kui Huan was preparing to meet the beginning of the meeting, fang Wang thought that the future of the beginning was still unknown, resolutely stopped it, and Kui Huan did not listen. Fang Wang wrote a letter of thanks and said, "The general will establish the founding feats like Yi Yin and Lü Shang, and carry forward the achievements that are not common in the first life, and now when the major events are still hastily created, the hero Haojie has not yet been concentrated." We are a person from a different county, and the shortcomings and faults have not yet been exposed, and I wanted to emulate Guo Kui's affairs as King Yan Zhao, so that I could attract a great hero like Le Yi and bring it under the general's command, so when you first hired me, I came with the wind and did not resign. The general and his supreme virtue respected the talents, widely adopted his plans, had meritorious deeds in his actions, and was crucial in his ability to send troops, and now that the foundation had been set, the great merits of the auxiliary were being accomplished. Now that the talents of the talents are gathered together, the wings are already full, we hope that there is no moral talent higher than ordinary people, and it is really ashamed to be ashamed of the top of the guests. Although I have the temperament of Gengsuke and want to weigh the appropriateness of resignation and retention, I will always not turn my back on my own heart and have different ambitions. Why? After Fan Li helped to destroy Wu, he accepted his guilt and took a flat boat across the Five Lakes; the uncle of Duke Wen of Jin, on his way back to China with Duke Wen, also stopped on the river and asked Duke Wen to resign. With the virtue of Fan Li and Zi Criminal, he left his meritorious name in the history books of the Yue and Jin states, and also blamed himself for asking to cut his traces and return to his hometown, we hope that there is no merit, and it is very appropriate to resign. I heard that Wushi County has Longchi Mountain, a small road nantong, connected to Han, and there are often strange people and strangers next to it, and when they are idle, they can seek their truth. May the General be encouraged.

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Classic of Traditional Chinese Studies, Lecture 23: Liechuan Kui Hu Liechuan

Huan waited for Chang'an, and he was initially thought to be the right general, cui and yi were the old names. In the winter, Cui and Yi plotted to rebel, and they were afraid of and disaster, that is, they told them what had happened, and Cui and Yi were killed. At first, I felt loyal and thought that I was the imperial master. Next summer, the red eyebrows entered the customs, and the three auxiliaries were disturbed. Liu Wen Guangwu was on the throne in Hebei, and he said that he had returned to the government of Guangwu's uncle Guo Sanlaoliang, and he did not listen to it at first. The generals want to rob the east, and the hustle and bustle are also conspiring. When the matter was discovered, the emissaries were summoned at the beginning, and they were afraid to enter the city, because the guests Wang Zun and Zhou Zong and other soldiers defended themselves. At the beginning, the general Deng Ye of Jinwu surrounded the army and closed the door to refuse to defend; at dusk, he broke the siege, and with dozens of horses at night, he flattened the city gate and returned to Tianshui. Fu gathered his people, and according to his hometown, he called himself the general of Xizhou. And even more defeated, the three elderly masters all rushed back to the hustle and bustle. Hu Su was humble and respectful, and leaned over to lead it to the cloth. In the past, Wang Mang Pinghe's Great Yin Chang'an Gugong was the Grand Master of the Palm Field, Pingling Fan Kui was the teacher and friend, Zhao Bing, Su Heng, and Zheng Xing were sacrificial wine, Shen Tugang and Du Lin were the holders of the book, Yang Guang, Wang Zun, Zhou Zong, and Pingxiang were on the tour, Wang Jie of the Ayang people, and Wang Yuan of the Changling people were the great generals, and the subordinates of DuLing and Jin Dan were guests. Hence the name Zhenxi Prefecture, smelled in Shandong. In the second year of Jianwu, the great situ Deng Yu attacked Chimei in the west, Tun Yunyang, and Yu Pei led Feng Yu to rebel against Yu, and went west to Tianshui, counterattacked, broke through Gaoping, and won all the weight. Therefore, Yu Cheng sent envoys to make Him a great general of Xizhou and had to despotically despot Liangzhou and Shuofang. and Red Brow went to Chang'an. Wanting to go west to Long, he sent the general Yang Guang to attack, broke it, and chased after it between Wushi and Jingyang. Huan was both meritorious to Han and was also influenced by Lord Deng Yu to sign his heart, and the deliberators persuaded the envoys to be the capital master. For three years, Hu Nai wrote a book. Guangwu Su heard his voice, repaid it with special courtesy, said words, and used the instruments of the enemy country, so the comfort was good. At that time, Chen Cangren Lü Kun supported tens of thousands of people, and Gongsun Shutong and Kou Sanfu. Huan Fu dispatched troops to the Western General Feng Yizhi, walked on the tuna, and dispatched the shed on the table. The emperor reported in handwriting: Mule Deyi, Si Xiang Jie. King Xiwen was divided into three points, and He served Yin. But the crossbow horse lead knife, can not be forced. Count the price of Montbor, and the fly of the fly, but a few steps, that is, the tail of the horse, can be out of the crowd. Separated from the thieves, the number of questions is not counted. The generals paid money, helped the soldiers of Gongsun in the south, and the rebellion of the Northern Imperial Qianghu, which was based on Feng Yi's western expedition, allowing thousands of people to hesitate and assist the three auxiliaries. With the help of General Wei, Xianyang has been a bird for others. Today,Kwantung Kou thieves, often gathered, had a wide range of ambitions, and did not have time to watch the army in Chengdu and wrestle with Ziyang. For example, Ling Ziyang went to Hanzhong and Sanfu, and he was willing to be equal because of the general's soldiers and horses. As he said, the blessing of heaven, that is, the autumn of the wise man's meritorious deeds. Guan Zhongyue: "The parents of those who give birth to me, and the one who becomes me." "From now on, the handwriting will be heard, and do not use the words of deconstruction by the people. Self-righteousness is more and more generous. Later, Gongsun Shushu sent troops to Hanzhong and sent envoys to the Great Sikong Fu'an King Yinshou to give him the title. Arrogantly believing that he was a subject of the enemy country and being ashamed of himself, he beheaded his envoys, sent troops to attack them, and even broke the Shu army, so that the Shu soldiers would not return to the north. At that time, The General Guan Zhong wrote a number of letters, saying that Shu could be attacked, and the emperor showed his instrument, because he asked Shu to imitate his faith. The instrument is the history of the dispatch chief, and it is said that the three auxiliaries are weak, and Liu Wenbo is on the side, and it is not appropriate to plot Shu. The emperor knew that he wanted to hold both ends and did not want the world to be unified, so he slightly deposed him and was in the honor of the king. In the beginning, Huan was kind to Lai She and Ma Yuan, so the emperor made emissaries she and aided the envoys, persuaded them to enter the dynasty, and promised to be a heavy knight. The hustle and bustle did not want to go east, and the envoys were deeply humble, and their words had no merit, and they had to square them in all directions and retreat to Luli. In the fifth year, fu dispatched her son to serve, and liu yong and drum pets were all destroyed, and it was sent to the eldest son to accompany him. Thought to be a lieutenant of hu riding, sealed the Marquis of Qiang. Wang Yuan and Wang Jie often thought that the success or failure of the world was unknown and were unwilling to concentrate on internal affairs. Yuan Sui said: "In the past, the western capital of the beginning, the four sides responded, and the world was chattering, which was called taiping." Once corrupted, the king had several houses. Now there are Ziyang in the south, Wen bo in the north, Jianghu Haidai, and ten princes, and those who want to lead Confucianism, abandon the foundation of a thousand multiplications, and detain the dangerous country in order to seek perfection. Today, the water is rich, the horses are the strongest, the north is the West River, the Upper County, the east is the land of the three auxiliaries, the old traces of the Case Qin, and the rivers and mountains in the table. Yuan please take a pill of mud as the great king of the East Seal Hangu Guan, this ten thousand times also. If this is not enough, and the cattle and horses are raised, according to the pass, protracted, waiting for the change of the four directions, the king of the map will not succeed, and its disadvantages will be enough to dominate. If you want it, the fish must not be separated from the abyss, and the dragon loses its power, that is, it is still the same as the earthworm. "Although he sent his son into the hostage, he was still in danger, and he wanted to specialize, so the elder wanderer went away a little.

Kui Huan was equivalent to coming to Chang'an, and he was originally regarded as a right general, and Kui Cui and Kui Yi still maintained their original titles. In the winter of that year, Kui Cui and Kui Yi plotted to rebel and returned to the north, kui Hu was afraid of harming himself, and he told the matter more, and Kui Cui and Kui Yi were killed. At the beginning, he felt that Kui Huan was loyal to him, so he made him the Imperial Master. In the summer of the following year, the red eyebrows entered the customs, and the three auxiliaries were disturbed. It was rumored that Guangwu was already located in Hebei, and Kui Huan suggested to Gengshi that power be handed over to Liu Liang, the third elder of Guangwu's father's country, and did not listen at first. The generals wanted to kidnap the first return to the east, and Kui Huan also participated in this plan. After the matter was exposed, he first sent someone to summon Kui Huan, who claimed that he was ill and could not go, so he and his subordinates Wang Zun and Zhou Zong led the army to defend themselves. He also sent jinwu Deng Ye to lead an army to surround Kui Huan, and Kui Huan closed the door and refused to defend; at dusk, he could not hold the siege, and Kui Huan and dozens of riders rode at night to cut down the city gate and flee back to Tianshui. He gathered his old troops again, occupied the original territory, and called himself the General of Xizhou. When the first failure was made, the elderly masters of the three auxiliaries fled to Tianshui to join Kui Huan. Kui Huan has always been honest and respectful, and as far as possible, he introduced celebrities as a friend of cloth. In the past, Wang Mang Pinghe's grand master Yin Chang'an Gugong was appointed as the Grand Master of zhangye, Fan Kui of Pingling was appointed as a teacher and friend, Zhao Bing, Su Heng, and Zheng Xing were sacrificial wine, Shen Tugang and Du Lin were the holders of the book, Yang Guang, Wang Zun, Zhou Zong, and Pingxiang renxing, Wang Jie of Heyang and Wang Yuan of Changling were the great generals, and the subordinates of Duling and Jin Dan were guests. From this name Zhenxi Prefecture, Wei famous in Shandong. In the second year of Jianwu (26), the Great Situ Deng Yu attacked Chimei and Tun Yunyang. Deng Yuyi led Feng Chenyin to rebel against Deng Yu and move west to Tianshui. Kui Huan attacked, broke Feng Yinyin in Gaoping, and captured all the weights. Therefore, Deng Yu adhered to the emperor's will and sent a special envoy to hold the order of Kui Huan as the general of Xizhou, and was able to despoticize Liangzhou and Shuofang. When Chimei went to Chang'an and wanted to go west to Long, Kui Huan sent the general Yang Guang to attack, break Chimei, and then chase and defeat Chimei between Wushi and Jingyang. Kui Huan was both meritorious to Han and accepted Deng Yu's knighthood, and was able to appoint his confidants, and the deliberators advised him to send envoys to Jingshi. In three years, Kui Huan wrote to the Beijing Division. Guangwu had always heard of his virtues and reputation, so he repaid him with special etiquette, called him a word, and used the courtesy of the state guest to comfort and recommend him deeply and generously. At this time, Lü Kun, a chen cangren, supported tens of thousands of people, communicated with Gongsun Shu, and violated the three auxiliaries. Kui Huan again sent troops to help the western general Feng Yi attack, drove Lü Kun away, and sent envoys to report to the book. The emperor replied politely with a handwritten letter: "I admire your virtue and righteousness, and I want to marry you." In the past, King Wen of Zhou had two of the three worlds and served Yin Shang. But the blunt knife of the horse cannot be used reluctantly. I have been favored ten times the price of Bole several times, and flies can only fly a few steps, but if attached to the tail, they can surpass the group of flies. You and I are stopped from thieves and cannot greet often. The general was loyal and courteous, supported the fallen to relieve the danger, the soldiers and horses of Gongsun Shu in the south, and the chaotic Kou of the Northern Imperial Qiang hu, it was Feng Yi's western expedition, and thousands of people were able to stomp on the three auxiliaries, if there was no help from the general, then Xianyang would have already fallen into the hands of thieves. At present, the thieves in the Kanto often gather together, aiming to seek a wide range of distances, and have no leisure, so they do not parade in Chengdu and fight with Gongsun Shuli. If Gongsun Shu invaded Hanzhong and Sanfu, I would like to borrow the general's army and horse and fight with him. If this is the case, it will be blessed by the heavens, and it will be time for the wise men to judge the merits of the land and reward them. Guan Zhong said: It was my parents who gave birth to me, and it was Uncle Bao who helped me achieve things. From now on, you and I can communicate with each other in handwritten letters, and do not trust the rumors of others that stir up dissension. From then on, Guangwu's kindness to him was even more solemn. Later, Gongsun Shu sent several troops to Hanzhong and sent envoys to the Great Sikong Fu'an King Yin Shuo to grant Kui Huan. Kui Huan thought that he had once been an enemy of Shu, and felt that it was shameful to be his subject, so he beheaded him, sent troops to attack, and even broke Gongsun Shu's army, so the Shu soldiers no longer went north. At this time, General Guan Zhong shuai wrote several times to talk about the situation of Shu's attack, and the emperor relayed these opinions to Kui Huan and asked him to send troops to beg Shu to test his credibility. Kui Huan dispatched the history book, saying that the three auxiliary troops were weak, and with Lu Fang by his side, it was not appropriate to cut down Shu. Guangwu zhikui wanted to step on both sides of the ship and did not want the world to be unified, so he slightly lowered the courtesy of Kui Huan and was in the etiquette of the monarch. At first, Kui Huan was friendly with Lai She and Ma Yuan, so the emperor sent envoys to Andi and Ma Yuan several times to persuade Kui Huan to enter the dynasty and promise to be a heavy lord. Kui Huan did not want to return to the east, and Lian Lian sent envoys to the meeting with a deeply humble recital, saying that he had no merit and would wait until the four sides were calm, and then return to the hometown. Five years later, emperor again sent She to persuade Kui Huan to send his son to serve, and When Kui Huan heard that Liu Yong and Peng Peng had been destroyed, he sent his eldest son Kui Yu to accompany him to Jingjin, where he was made a lieutenant of Hu Riding and the Marquis of Qiang. The Kui generals Wang Yuan and Wang Jie often thought that the success or failure of the world was still unknown, and they were unwilling to wholeheartedly submit to Guangwu. Wang Yuan said to Kui Huan: "In the past, when the western capital was Chang'an, the four sides responded, and the world admired and returned, saying that the world was too peaceful. Once the first failed, the king had little place to live. Now there are Gongsun Shu in the south, Lu Fang in the north, the kelp in the rivers and lakes, and more than a dozen princes such as Zhang Bu and Dong Xian, who want to accommodate Ma Yuan's opinion, abandon the foundation of a thousand multipliers, and live as a guest in a dangerous country in order to seek perfection. Now Tianshui is complete and rich, the soldiers and horses are the strongest, attacking the West River and Shangjun in the north, and collecting the three auxiliary lands in the east, according to the old traces of Qin, the outer mountains and inland rivers are each other. Wang Yuan asked a small number of troops to guard the dangerous Hangu Pass for the king, which was a good opportunity for the world. If this strategy cannot be adopted now, then temporarily raise soldiers and horses, defend themselves according to danger, and persist in waiting for the changes in the four sides, even if the king of the map is not successful, taking a step back is enough to dominate one side. In short, fish cannot get out of the deep water, and the dragon has lost its support, just like earthworms. Kui Huan agreed with Wang Yuan's plan in his heart, and although he sent his son to the dynasty as a hostage, he still wanted to take advantage of the dangers of his geographical conditions and dominate the side by himself. So some of the elderly wanderers gradually left him. 

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Classic of Traditional Chinese Studies, Lecture 23: Liechuan Kui Hu Liechuan

Six years, Kanto Seihei. Emperor Ji was bitter among the soldiers, and Gongsun Shu was far away from the frontier, but the generals said: "And these two sons should be placed on the outside ear." "Because of the number of Tengshu Long and Shu, it is a blessing in disguise." Hu guests, Shu Shi Duowen students, every matter, the world's scholars and doctors are satirical, so the emperor has a resignation, especially to add meaning, Huan Fu sent the envoy Zhou YouYi Que, first to Feng Yiying, You was killed by the enemy family. Emperor Wei wei wei held the treasure and gave it to him, until Zheng was stolen and lost his belongings. The emperor often called the elders of the hustle and bustle, and when he wanted to recruit them, he sighed when he heard them: "I am not in harmony with kui huan, so that when I come to see and kill, I will be given the way to die." "Hui Gongsun Shu sent troops to Kounan County, but he was commanded to cut down Shu from Tianshui, so he wanted to destroy his henchmen. Huan Fu said: "The white water is dangerous and obstructive, and the pavilion is defeated." "And more branches." The emperor knew that it would not be useful in the end, and he wanted to beg for it. SuiXi Xing Chang'an, sent the Jianwei general Geng Yi and other seven generals from Long Dao to shu, and first envoyed Lai She to serve the seal book. Fearful, that is, the soldiers, wang Yuan, according to Longdi, cut down wood and blocked the road, and plotted to kill Him. She's dead. The generals fought with the clamor, were defeated, and each retreated. Huan Yin made Wang Yuan and Xing Patrol invade the Three Auxiliaries, and the general Feng Yi of the Western Expedition and the general Ofe Jing yu were defeated. "The officials who heard that the soldiers were coming, panicked and saved themselves, and the courtiers could not forbid them." The soldiers had great profits, and did not dare to abolish the festival of courtiers and personally pursue them. Xi Yu Shun was the father, the big staff was gone, and the small staff was suffering. Although the subject is insensitive, he dares to forget Si Yi. The affairs of the present subjects lie in this dynasty, and if you give death, you will die, and if you increase punishment, you will be punished. If you have received grace, you will be more washed in your heart, and your bones will be immortal. "There is a si who is slow to speak, and asks his son to be humbled, and the emperor cannot bear it, and the envoy comes to the temple to give the book to the book: "General Xi Chai and Han Xin Shuyun: 'Your Majesty is lenient, although the princes have rebelled and then returned, they will be reinstated, and they will not be condemned.'" 'With the hustle and bustle of the writer, xiao yi li, so he gave the book back. Deep words do not seem to be inferior, and small words are indecisive. If, now, if you tie your hands and send your brother back to the court, then you will be complete and have a great blessing. I was forty years old, ten years old in the army, and I was tired of rhetoric. That is, do not want, do not repay. Knowing that the emperor had tried to deceive him, he sent an envoy to claim the title of subject to Gongsun Shu. The next year, Shu Yihuan became the king of Shuoning and sent troops to and from the aid of him. In the autumn, Huan will ride thirty thousand to invade and settle down, and when it reaches Yin, Feng Yi will lead the generals to refuse. Huan also ordered the general not to go down to the dragon, attack and sacrifice to obey the Yin, and the soldiers did not benefit, but were led back. Emperor Yin ordered Lai She to summon Wang Zun with a letter, and Zun Nai and his family members dong yi jingshi, worshiped as Taizhong Dafu, and was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Yi. Zun Zi Chun, Baling people also. His father was the Upper Gun Taishou. Obey the young heroes, have the ability to argue, although they raise troops with the hustle and bustle, but often have the intention of returning to The Han. Zeng Yu Tianshui privately came to Sheyue: "So I do not avoid the stones of Yashi, do you want the title!" The disciples think of the old Lord, and the ancestors are gracious to the Han, and they think of the ear. "He also persuaded the clamor to send his son into the service, but he was very careful before and after the resignation, and he did not obey, so he went to the house. In the spring of the eighth year, Lai She attacked The city of Luoyang from the mountain road. Unexpectedly, fearing more soldiers, Wang Yuan refused to resist Longdi, and patrolled Fansukou, Wang Mengsai Chicken Head Dao, Niu HandanJun Watting, and Hu Zi knew that his masses were surrounded by him. Gongsun Shu also sent Li Yu and Tian Yi to attack Yang for months. Qin Nai led the generals to march west, and several roads went up to Long, so that Wang Zun held the festival supervisor Sima Wu Han to stay in Chang'an.

In the sixth year (30), the Kanto region was pacified. Emperor Xu had a son as his internal attendant, and Gongsun Shuyuan was on the border, so he said to the generals, "Leave these two boys aside for the time being." Therefore, several times he passed on the book Kui Huan and Gongsun Shu to tell him bad luck. Kui Huan's guests, Shi Shiduo, were scholars of literature, and every time they went to the book to say something, the masters of the world read and memorized it, so the emperor replied, and they paid special attention to it. Kui Huan once again sent emissaries to Travel to Beijing, first to Feng Yiying, and Zhou You was killed by the Enemy Family. The emperor sent wei wei to reward Kui Huan with the treasure, and when the emperor arrived in Zheng, he encountered theft, and the treasures and treasures were stolen. The emperor often called Kui Huan an elder, and tried every means to recruit him, and after hearing the news, he sighed: "My affair with Kui Huan was very unsmooth, the emissaries he sent were killed, and the property I gave him was stolen on the road." Just when Gongsun Shu sent troops to invade Nan Commandery, Guangwu issued an edict ordering Kui Huan to cut down Shu from Tianshui in an attempt to divide and disintegrate his henchmen. Kui Huan wrote again: "The terrain of Whitewater is very dangerous, the mountain road is overhanging, and the stacks are the roads. "And many parties stressed the difficulties. Emperor Zhikui finally refused to be used by him, so he wanted to fight it. From the west to Chang'an, he sent the Jianwei general Geng. The seven generals who had been from Long Dao had first sent Him to serve the Seal Book. Kui Huan was suspicious and fearful, that is, he led his troops to resist, causing Wang Yuan to cut down trees to block the road, hoping to kill Lai She and lai she to flee. The generals fought with Kui, and were greatly defeated, and each led his troops to retreat. Kui Huan therefore sent Wang Yuan and Xing Patrol to invade sanfu, but was defeated by the general Feng Yi of Zhengxi and the general Ofe Jingyu. Kui Huan then wrote a letter of apology, saying: "When my subordinates heard that the soldiers had arrived suddenly, they were terrified and saved themselves, and the subject Kui Huan could not forbid it. The spoils of war he had obtained did not dare to abolish the festival of his courtiers and sons, and personally pursued them, for in the past, Yu Shun's father, when his father beat him with a large staff, he ran away, and when his father beat him with a small staff, he let him beat him. Although I was insensitive, I did not dare to forget this courtesy. Now all my affairs have been dropped in this dynasty, and if you want to kill, you will kill, and if you want to increase the punishment, you will increase the punishment. If grace forgives, and if you have to change your heart and face, the dead bones will be immortal. The officials were arrogant and requested that his son Kui Ke be killed, but the emperor could not bear it, and sent him again to send him to she, saying in a letter: "In the past, General Chai and Han Xinshu said: 'Your Majesty Kuanren, although the princes have rebelled and returned, they should restore their positions and not kill them. 'Since you are a civil servant and know righteousness, I have given you a book.' To be clear, it seems not polite enough, and it is difficult to decide if there are few things. If you stop now, as you did in the past when you sent your son Kui Gong to me, then you will receive all the blessings. I'm almost forty years old, ten years in the military, and I hate those rhetoric. If you don't want to, don't reciprocate. Kui Huan knew that the emperor had seen his treachery, so he sent emissaries to report to Gongsun as a vassal. The following year, Gongsun Shu made Kui Huan the King of Shuoning and sent troops back and forth as a gesture of solidarity. In the autumn, Kui Huan led 30,000 infantry and cavalry, invaded Anding, and reached Yin, and Feng Yi led the generals to resist. Kui Huan also ordered the other generals to lay down and attack the sacrifice, but it was not favorable, so he withdrew and returned. Emperor Yin ordered Lai She to summon Wang Zun with a letter, and Wang Zun and his family went east to The Capital Division, where he was worshipped as taizhong dafu and given the title of Marquis of Xiangyi. Wang Zun zi chun, a Baling man. His father was the Upper Gun Taishou. When Wang Zun was young, he was a hero and a debater, and although he raised troops with Kui Huan, he often had the intention of returning to Han. He also repeatedly persuaded Kui Huan to send his son to serve in the dynasty, and before and after he was very earnest in his resignation, Kui Huan did not obey, so Wang Zun left Kui Huan and returned to Shun Guangwu. In the spring of the eighth year (32), Lai She attacked The City of Luoyang from the Mountain Road. Out of Kui Huan's accident, Kui Huan was afraid that there would be more soldiers, so he sent Wang Yuan to refuse to defend Longdi, patrol Fansukou, Wang Mengsai Chicken Head Road, Niu Handan garrison Watting, kui Huan himself led a large army to surround She. Gongsun Shu also sent the generals Li Yu and Tian Yi to attack Kui Hu to attack Yang, but Lian Yue could not take it. The emperor then led his generals on a western expedition, and several soldiers and horses marched toward Long, so that Wang Zun held the grand sima Wu Han to stay in Chang'an.

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Classic of Traditional Chinese Studies, Lecture 23: Liechuan Kui Hu Liechuan

Obeying the knowledge that the hustle will be destroyed, and the old cause with Niu Handan, knowing that it has the meaning of returning to righteousness, is known as a metaphor: Obey the alliance with the Kui King, and since he has experienced the tiger's mouth and trampled on the land of death, he has been more than a dozen. At that time, there was no one to unify the west of Zhou Luo, so wang Ce wanted to take Guanzhong in the east, take Shangjun in the north, enter for the use of the Fengtian people, and retreat to punish the rebellion of the foreign yi. Within a few years, the Ji Sheng Han revived, and when the River was restored to the old capital, it was returned to the dynasty. Since the birth of the people, the power of the subjects has not been convenient for those who are at this time. And the king's generals, the disciples who live in the caves, are all in their hands, wanting to do bad things. Obey the struggle with the young lady day and night, and harm the body of the few, what a thing! The front plan is suppressed, and the rear strategy is not followed, so the groan strangles the wrist and droops to board the car. Fortunately, he was enshrined, and he had to extend the theory, and whenever he went to the matter of Xizhou, he did not dare to forget the words of The Secretary of State. Now that the car is driving the public, it is already on the road, Wu and Geng Xiao will gather in the four realms, and The Young Qing will run away from the pawn, and when the army rushes, how can it be according to its situation? The wise man sees the danger and thinks about change, and the sage is muddy but not muddy, and he is the final application of merit and the restoration of the plan. Therefore, Yiwu was bound and aligned, and the staff of the cloth was returned to the Han, and the foolishness was righteous, and the merits and names were written together. At the time of defeat, when he encountered the front of the yan army, he could be terrified. It is advisable to cut off the heart and have knowledge. Handa's book, after more than ten days of deep chanting, was given to Luoyang and worshipped as the Taizhong Doctor. So the thirteen men of the great generals, the sixteen of the counties, and the hundreds of thousands of them, all descended. Wang Yuan entered Shu for help, and Huan sent his wife to the Western Regions, from Yang Guang, while Tian Yi and Li Yubao went to Shangyi. The edict says, "If you tie your hands and commit to yourself, father and son will see each other, and there will be no one else." Emperor Gao Yun: 'Heng Lai, the king of the great, the marquis of the small.' 'If he who desires to be a cloth, he will also do so.' "The hustle and bustle will never go down. Therefore, he ordered his son Gong to besiege The Western City with Wu Han and the general Cen Peng of Zhengnan, and Geng Yi and the Huya general Gai Yan to besiege Shangyi. The car drove back to the east. In the past month, Yang Guang died and was poor. His general Wang Jiebei was in Rongqiu, and when he ascended the city, he called out to the Han army: "For the defenders of the Kui King's City, they will all die without two hearts!" May the armies stop in a hurry, and please commit suicide to make it clear. "So he killed himself." In a few months, Wang Yuan, Xing patrol, and Zhou Zong rescued more than 5,000 Shu soldiers, riding on high pawns, and shouted: "A million people are coming!" "The Han army was horrified, and before Cheng Chen and Yuan could decide to besiege, they fought to the death, so they entered the city and returned to the city. Wu Han and others retreated, so Anding, Beidi, Tianshui, and Longxi rebelled. In the spring of the ninth year, he was sick and hungry, went out of the city to eat and drink, and died of anger. Wang Yuan and Zhou Zongli were pure kings. Next year, Lai She, Geng Yi, Gai Yan, and others will break through the falling gate, and Zhou Zong, Xing Patrol, Cao Yu, and Zhao Hui will be purely surrendered. Zong, Hui and Zhu Kui moved east of the Capital Division, and Chun and Yu migrated to Hongnong. Only Wang Yuan remained as a Shu general. and the Auxiliary Wei general Zang Gong broke yan cen and the Yuan Ju Zhonggong descended. Yuan character Hui Meng, the first worship of Cai Ling, moved to DongPingxiang, sat in the reclamation of the field untrue, and died in prison. Niu Handan character 纓卿, Di Daoren. Have courage and talent, and be strong on the side. And descended, the Great Situ Si Zhi Du Lin and the Taizhong Grand Master Ma Yuan recommended it, thinking that he was a lieutenant of the Qiang Guards, and lai Sheping Long right. Eighteen years later, Chun and dozens of guests rode into Hu, to Wuwei, captured, and cursed. Commentary: Kui Huan aided the flag to correct the clan, fake ming gods, and the first thing that the traces of the master created the map, and there was a way to understand its style. Finally isolated in a corner, between the big countries, although the Longdi is narrow, there is no one hundred and two potentials, just two counties, with the front of the royal hall, to make the poor temple strategy, exhaust the conquest, the body of the people to solve, and then determine it. Then he knows that there are those who have enough arms in their way, so they have the four sides of the way, and the soldiers will not regret it until they throw themselves to death. Fu Gongquan is praised, karma is born, and those who return to mourn and discuss it may not be heard of. If the fate of the lord will be lucky, and the enemy is not a heavenly force, although he sits on Theb, how much will he be scornful?

Wang Zun knew that Kui Huan would be destroyed, and he and Niu Handan were old friends, and knowing that he had the idea of returning to Han, he wrote a letter to him and said: "Wang Zun has allied himself with the kui king's blood to become a Han, and since then he has been through the tiger's mouth and has gone through a desperate situation more than a dozen times. At that time, there was no unification west of Zhou Luo, so he advised the King of Kui, wanted to take Guanzhong in the east, take Shangjun in the north, enter the will of heaven, and retreat to punish the rebellion of foreign countries. Within a few years, it was hoped that the Holy Han would be restored, and when the land of the River Long was dedicated to the old ministry to submit to the dynasty. Since the beginning of the people, the situation of the subjects has not been more convenient than now. Most of the generals of the Kui King, on the other hand, were people who did not know the times in the cave dwelling field, and everyone talked about it in the palm of their hands, thinking of misdeeds. Am there only one thing I have fought with you day and night, and the scourge has almost fallen upon us? The previous plan was rejected, and the later plan refused to obey, so yang tian screamed and sighed, and boarded the car with tears in his eyes. Fortunately, he was enshrined as the Taizhong Doctor, and he was able to discuss his duties, and whenever he thought about the affairs of Xizhou, he did not dare to forget what you said in the past. Now the royal driving pro-march, the car driving volkswagen is already on the road, Wu Han, Geng. Wait for the brave generals, gathered in the four realms, and you with the running pawns, refused to defend the Wating Pass, when the Han army attacked to rush, to see what the situation on both sides? Wise people should think of strain when they see danger, and wise people can get out of the mud without staining, and it is finally stretched in the name of merit, and the planning is finally restored. Therefore, Guan Zhong was sent to Qi Xiang, and the Tuobu sword was returned to the King of Han, and the foolishness was abandoned and the righteous deeds were performed, and the merits were written together. You are now at the crossroads of success or failure, and you are encountering the sharp edge of a strong army, which is very frightening. We should quickly make up our minds to make a decision and discuss with people of insight. Niu Handan got the book, thought about it for more than ten days, and finally made a decision, so he thanked the people, returned to Luoyang, and was worshipped as the Taizhong Doctor. In this way, thirteen of the great generals, sixteen subordinate counties, and more than 100,000 soldiers fell without a fight. Wang Yuan entered Shu for help, and Kui Huan led his wife Ben Xicheng to follow Yang Guang, while Tian and Li Yubao went to Guiquan. The emperor said in an edict: "If you come with your hands tied, then father and son will see each other and will be safe." Emperor Gao said, "Tian Heng returns, the big one is the king, the little one is the prince." If you want to be like the Tuobu and will not return, then do as you please. Kui Huan finally refused to surrender. So Guangwu killed his son Kui Gong and caused Wu Han and the Zhengnan general Cen Peng to besiege Xicheng, Geng. With the Huya general Gai Yan besieged Shang Gui Yan. Guangwu Donggui. In the rest of the month, Yang Guang died, and Kui Huan was even more exhausted. His general Wang Jiebei was in Rongqiu, and climbed the city tower to shout to the Han army: "The soldiers who defend the city for the Kui King are all ignorant of their hearts knowing that they will die, and I hope that you will quickly stop the siege of the city, please let me use suicide to prove what I said." So he killed himself. In a few months, Wang Yuan, Xing patrol, Zhou Zong, and others led more than 5,000 Shu rescue troops, arrived at a high place, beat the drum and shouted: "A million troops have just arrived!" The Han army was horrified, and there was no time to line up the position, Wang Yuan and others broke through the siege of the city, fought desperately, and were able to enter the city and meet the hustle and bustle back to Hebei. It just so happened that Wu Han and others were exhausted due to the depletion of grain, so Anding, Beidi, Tianshui, and Longxi in turn returned to Kui. In the spring of the ninth year, Kui Huan was sick and hungry, went out of the city to boil soybeans and rice for food, and finally died of resentment. Wang Yuan and Zhou Zongli Kui were kings. The following year, Lai She, Geng, and Gai Yan attacked the gate, and Zhou Zong, Xing Patrol, Gou Yu, and Zhao Hui surrendered with Kui Chun. Zhou Zong, Zhao Hui, and Zhu Kui moved to the east of Jingshi, and Kui Chun moved to Hongnong with Xingzhu and Gou Yu. Only Wang Yuan remained as a Shu general. When the Fuwei general Zang Gong broke through Yan Cen, Wang Yuan led the people to surrender to Zang Palace. Wang Yuanzi Huimeng, after surrendering, initially paid homage to The Order of Cai County, later moved to Dongping Xiang, and was imprisoned and killed for the crime of reclamation of land. Niu Handan character 肑卿, Di Daoren, has courage and talent, and dominates the frontier. After returning to the Han Dynasty, the Great Situ SiZhi Dulin and the Taizhong Grand Master Ma Yuan both recommended him, so he became a lieutenant of the Qiang Guards, and together with Lai She, he pacified Long Right. In the eighteenth year (42), Kui Chun and dozens of guests rode to prepare to flee into Hu, to Wuwei, where they were captured and killed. Shi Guan commented: Kui Huan raised the flag to gather the clan, set up the Gaozu and Xiaowen Temples as false gods, and when he was examined for the first time, he could see his style. Later, it was finally isolated in a corner, between Han and Shu, and although Longdi was dangerous, it finally had the potential of 20,000 people to resist a million people, and to resist the guangwutang masters in the two counties of Longxi and Tianshui, so that the wisdom was exhausted, the taxation of servitude was empty, and finally the dead people collapsed, and then they were pacified. It can be seen that his Daoist deeds are indeed worth remembering, which is the reason why the four heroes of the four directions have gathered under his command, and the soldiers are loyal and do not repent. Fame and fame will become prominent, the cause will wither, all kinds of sins will occur, the success or failure of things will not be in the sky, and those who can break this thesis may not have heard of it. If Kui Huan's fate can be matched with Fu Yun, and the opponent he encounters is not such a heavenly enemy as Guangwu, then can it be more ridiculous to compare Kui Huan with the historical Xi Bo?

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Classic of Traditional Chinese Studies, Lecture 23: Liechuan Kui Hu Liechuan

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