Friends who have watched "Sui and Tang Dynasties" know that there is a story of eighteen good men of the Sui Dynasty, all of whom are well-known heroes.
Li Yuanba, king of Zhao in Xifu, Yuwen Chengdu, the eight-armed Nezha Pei Yuanqing, the purple-faced heavenly king Xiong Kuohai, the Marquis of Nanyang, Wu Yunzhao, the younger brother of Wu Yunzhao,
Duke Paul Cheng of Yanshan, Yang Lin the Patron King, Wei Wentong, Grand Marshal of the Flower Knife, Shang Shi apprentice of the Four Treasures, Xin Wenli of the Eight Horses, Ding Yanping, Commander of the Golden Sword Palace, Zuo Tiancheng, Marshal of the Golden Sword Palace, Liang Shitai, Lord of the Hanging Hammer Village, Qin Qiong, Grand Marshal of the Terracotta Army, Wei Chigong, And Shan Xiongxin, the Red-haired Spirit Officer.
The stories of these eighteen good men are all boiling with blood.
Later, after reading the books on the history of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, I learned that many of the characters in it were fictional. For example, Li Yuanba, a good headline man, is a fictional character.
In "Sui and Tang Dynasties", Li Yuanba was infinitely powerful and brave at the age of 12. He had to eat a bucket of rice and ten pounds of meat for a meal. Holding a pair of eight-hundred-pound hammers.
However, in real history, there is no character of Li Yuanba, and the prototype of this character is generally believed to be Li Xuanba. He was the third son of Li Yuan and Empress Dou. Li Yuan and Empress Dou had four sons in total, the eldest son Li Jiancheng, the second son Li Shimin, the third son Li Xuanba, and the fourth son Li Yuanji. The prototype of Li Yuanba is Li Yuan's third son Li Xuanba.
Regarding Li Xuanba, there are few records in the main history, the Old Book of Tang and the Biography:
"King Xuanba of Wei, the third son of Gaozu." ...... Gaozu Twenty-two sons: Empress Taimu shengyin prince Jiancheng and Taizong, Wei Wang Xuanba, Chao Wang Yuanji..."
New Book of Tang:
"Wei Huai Wang Xuan Ba character Dade." Young Debate Hui. Sui Daye was ten years old, sixteen years old, and childless. In the first year of Wu De,the first year, he posthumously honored the king and his wife, and gave him the title of governor of Qin Prefecture and Sikong.' Emperor Tai made Emperor Tai the King of Yidu, worshipped him, and buried Zhiyang. Tai Migrated to Yue, and even took the title of Baoding Heir of Qiongzi, the King of Xiping. Sage, childless, state divided. ”
You can see the record of Li Xuanba in the main history, adding up to less than 100 words, it can be said that this character has no sense of existence at all, from the only historical records, this Li Xuanba died early at the age of sixteen, which shows that this is a person with weak and sick individuals, and there is a great contrast with the brave and invincible Li Yuanba in the "Sui and Tang Dynasties".
As for why the name Li Xuanba is not used directly in the novel, but to be renamed Li Yuanba, this is because the novel "Sui and Tang Dynasty" was written by the Qing Dynasty, we know that there was a famous emperor in the Qing Dynasty called "Ai Xin Jue Luo Xuan Ye", in order to avoid the Kangxi Emperor Xuan Ye's "Xuan" character, Li Xuanba became Li Yuanba. After all, if you don't avoid the holy secrets in the Qing Dynasty, you will lose your head.
The other heroes in the list, such as Yuwen Chengdu, are also fictional characters. Luo Cheng, also fictional, is based on Luo Shixin. Pei Yuanqing, also fictional, is based on the fierce warrior Pei Xingyu.
But there are also those that are not fictional, such as Qin Qiong, which is real in history, and indeed a good man. However, in "Sui and Tang Dynasties", for some reason, the ranking given to him is too low, which is not in line with history! By consulting historical materials and excavated cultural relics, it can be said that Qin Qiong, that was the first fierce general in the late Sui and early Tang dynasties!
Qin Qiong (秦 Qiong), courtesy name Shubao, was a native of Licheng, Qizhou (present-day Jinan, Shandong), and the names of Qin Qiong's grandfather and father are not recorded in the main history. In 1995, an epitaph was unearthed in Jinan, and the owner of the epitaph was Qin Qiong's father. The epitaph records that Qin Qiong's father was named Qin Ai, and his grandfather was called Qin Fangtai, both of whom were officials of Northern Qi. It can be seen that Qin Qiong's grandfather and father were both from civilian origins. Probably because of the war years, Qin Qiong instead practiced a martial art.
What weapon was Qin Qiong using? In the novel "Sui and Tang Dynasty", it is said that Qin Qiong held a double sword in his hand and was responsible for the Qin family's absolute learning of the "Qin Family Hammer". However, in the Old Book of Tang, the Biography of Uncle Qin, it is recorded:
"Whenever Shu Bao marches from Emperor Taizong, there are sharp pawns in the enemy, showing off people and horses, and those who come and go, and Emperor Taizong is quite angry, and he orders Shu Bao to take it, and Shu Bao responds to his orders, and the Prancing Horse carries a gun and enters, and will stab among the multitudes."
The "Prancing Horse Negative Gun" shows that the weapon that Qin Shubao usually uses is the long gun.
So what kind of mount did Qin Qiong usually ride? According to the novel "Sui and Tang Dynasty Yanyi", qin qiong's horse is a yellow horse, and there is a story of "Qin Qiong selling horses" at the beginning of the novel, which was later put on the stage of drama.
However, according to the "Youyang Miscellaneous Tricks", Qin Qiong's mount was not a yellow horse, but a kulei bar. It is said that this horse is very peculiar, often drinking, and powerful, every time the moon and night test, can struggle to cross the three black felt room, after Qin Qiong's death, the horse did not eat or drink, sad and hissing, and died soon after.
"The horse that Qin Shubao rode on was suddenly thunderous and often drank wine. At the middle of the moon, three collars of black felt can be erected. and Hu Gongpao, who died without eating. (Duan Chengshi "Youyang Miscellaneous Tricks")
Qin Qiong's life, successively following the Sui Dynasty's great future protector, Zhang Sutuo, the leader of the Wagang Army Li Mi, Luoyang Wang Shichong and the Tang Dynasty Li Yuan Li Shimin father and son, has participated in countless legendary battles in his life, saying that he is the first fierce general in the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties, and the following will introduce the highlight moments of Qin Qiong's life to everyone.
One. During the period of serving the Sui Dynasty government army to protect Er'er and Zhang Sutuo
Participation in the campaign: attack Lu Mingyue
During the Sui Dynasty, Qin Qiong served under the Sui Dynasty's ming dynasty. Lai Hu'er, the character Chongshan, a native of Jiangdu (present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu), known as the "Iron Gun General" by the Jianghu people, was incomparably powerful. Qin Qiong was also because of her high skills and love to fight and hug unevenly, and was included as a general under the account of the nursing child.
Lai Hu'er attached great importance to Qin Qiong. It is said that one year, when Mother Qin died, Lai'er specially sent someone to mourn. The other soldiers in the army all felt very strange, because there were often funerals in the army, and the commander had never asked before, why did he attach so much importance to Qin Qiong this time? Lai Nursing Explains:
"How can this man be humble and humble, and his family will be rich and prosperous?"
Later, Qin Qiong was transferred to the command of another famous Sui Dynasty general, Zhang Sutuo. Zhang Sutuo, "Win the hearts of the soldiers, be brave and good at war." "It's a tough general, and it's not going to kill you when you start a fight." Because of his many meritorious achievements, he was promoted to deputy county chief of Qi County (Tong Shou) and commander-in-chief of the 12 counties of Henan Province (south of the Yellow River).
In December of the tenth year of the Sui Dynasty (614), Lu Mingyue, the leader of the Zhuo Commandery rebels, led an army of more than 100,000 troops to attack Zhu'a (下邳), and Qin Qiong went with Zhang Sutuo to conquest. There were 100,000 people in Lu Mingyue's army, but only 10,000 on Zhang Sutuo's side, and they could not match Lu Mingyue's army, so they had to go down six or seven miles outside the rebel camp, and after a few dozen days of confrontation with them, the grain and grass would be exhausted, and the situation was very unfavorable.
At this time, Zhang Sutuo immediately convened an emergency combat meeting and put forward his own strategic concept: First, in the front of the battle with the enemy, pretending that the force can not retreat backwards, the enemy army will definitely catch up and cause the camp to be empty. Then, at this time, 1,000 people need to be sent, and their camp is copied from behind, and they are surprisingly victorious. This task was very dangerous, Zhang Sutuo asked who dared to go, and as a result, the generals did not dare to say a word, and after a while, the fierce general Luo Shixin stood up and said that he was going, followed by Qin Qiong, who also stood up and volunteered, saying that he would also go.
Sudra said to the generals: "When a thief sees a soldier, he will come after me lightly." If a thousand people attack the camp, it will have great profits. This is dangerous, who can go? "No one is right, only Shu Bao and Luo Shixin please do it." (Old Book of Tang, Biography of Uncle Qin)
Zhang Sutuo only noticed Qin Qiong for the first time. Later, when the battle was fought, as Zhang Sutuo expected, when he pretended to be defeated, Lu Mingyue was in hot pursuit behind, and Luo Shixin and Qin Qiong led 1,000 people and ambushed in the reeds. When the main force of the enemy army had passed, they directly attacked the enemy's camp, and Luo Shixin and Qin Qiong saw that the camp gate was closed, and the two climbed up the city tower, killing several people each, and there was chaos in the camp. The two men cut open the camp gate and welcomed their own troops outside into the city. Then set fire to more than thirty enemy camps, and the flames were thick with smoke and rushed up to the xiaohan. Lu Mingyue rushed back, Zhang Sutuo returned to the army to attack bravely, breaking the enemy army, Lu Mingyue led hundreds of cavalry to flee in a hurry, and the result was defeat. This battle Zhang Sutuo can win, Qin Qiong can be said to be indispensable, Qin Qiong can be said to have become famous in the first battle, and his combat bravery and martial arts have been known from near and far.
"Shu Bao and Shi Xin rushed to its gate, the gate could not be closed, the two men overtook the building, pulled out the thief flag, killed several people each, and there was chaos in the camp. Shu Bao and Shi Xin also beheaded the foreign soldiers, and because they set fire to more than thirty of their fences, the smoke rose to the sky. Mingyue rushed back, and Sudra returned to the army to fight, breaking the thieves. Mingyue rode away in hundreds, and the rest were captured. By being courageous smells near and far. (Old Book of Tang, Biography of Uncle Qin)
Two. During his service in the Wagang Army
Participation in the campaign: Attacking Ubun and
In November of the twelfth year of Daye (616), Qin Qiong accompanied Zhang Sutuo to conquest the Wagang army, and li Mi, the leader of the Wagang army, lured Zhang Sutuo's army to the area around the Great Sea Temple to ambush. Zhang Sutuo was trapped in a heavy siege and died of exhaustion, and the remnants of Qin Qiong's weakened Sui army defected to Pei Renji, who later defected to Li Mi, and Qin Qiong followed Li Mi and became a general in the Wagang Army.
Seeing Qin Qiong come to vote, Li Mi was very happy, and the history books recorded:
"Uncle Mi de was overjoyed, thinking that he was riding in the tent and treating him very thickly." (Old Book of Tang, Biography of Uncle Qin)
Subsequently, Li Mi published a text publishing the ten major crimes of the Sui Emperor. An army attacked Luoyang.
Seeing that Luoyang was threatened by the Wagang army, the Sui Emperor remembered Wang Shichong and sent him to lead an army to support the eastern capital Luoyang. Wang Shichong, character full, originally surnamed Zhi, is a Hu person in the Western Regions. He likes to study the history of scriptures and the art of war, is very good at debate, and is also very good at sneaking and patting horses, and the historical records record that he spared no effort to satisfy the luxurious life of the Sui Emperor and search for rare and toys. The Sui Emperor also trusted him particularly.
As a result, Wang Shichong and Li Mi fought more than 100 battles, and the two sides did not distinguish between victory and defeat, and the stalemate could not be stopped.
Soon something big happened.
In March of the fourteenth year of Daye (618), Yu Wenhua launched a mutiny at Jiangdu and killed the Sui Emperor Yang Guang. Then Yu Wenhua and the 100,000 forbidden troops leading Jiangdu marched to the Central Plains, and when the news reached Luoyang, the city was raised to mourn, and then the chancellor supported Yang Tong, the king of Yue, as the new emperor. Who is it that supports him? It was Nei Shi Ling Yuan Wen Du and Lu Chu and others.
At this time, the situation in the eastern capital Luoyang was very delicate, there was Li Mi of the Wagang Army outside the city, and there was Yu Culture and was rushing over in the distance, what to do? A man named Gai Chun wrote to Yang Tong proposing to surrender Li Mi and join forces against Yu Wenhua. Yuan Wendu and Lu Chu also said that now we are short of troops, and not long ago the Sui Emperor was killed by Yu Wenhua and the great revenge has not yet been repaid, at this time the best way is to join forces with Li Mi, order him to attack Yu Wenhua and let them kill each other, it is best to lose both, we can sit and reap the benefits of the fisherman.
Everyone thought it was a good plan, so Yang Tong agreed, and asked Gai Chun to carry the emperor's edict to lobby Li Mi.
Li Mi's side accepted, probably because he also had the problem of two-front combat, there was Luoyang on this side, and there was Yu Wenhua on that side, sandwiched in the middle. Li Mi also planned to defeat Yuwen and later, and then take Luoyang by shunshi.
In this way, Li Mi's Wagang army engaged Yu Wenhua and his army, and on the battlefield, the Wagang army bravely rushed to kill, and Yu Wenhua was defeated by the Wagang army. However, the Wagang army also suffered great losses, and Li Mi even almost lost his life. At this time, a man stepped forward to save him. It was none other than Qin Shubao. Qin Qiong single-handedly saved Li Mi, and then turned around to lead everyone and repelled Yu Wenhua again. This battle was finally won.
"The Secret and Hua and the Great War were fought in the Tong Mountain of Liyang, and they were caught in the middle of the flow of arrows, and the fallen horses were suffocated. Scattered left and right, chasing the soldiers, only Shu Bao defended it alone, and secretly spared him. Shu Bao also collected troops and fought with strength, and retreated. (Old Book of Tang, Biography of Uncle Qin)
Although Li Mi's conquest of Yu Culture and this battle was won, the entire Wagang army was seriously injured.
At this time, in the eastern capital of Luoyang, there were also great changes brewing, the main peace was Yuan Wendu and Lu Chu and others, and Wang Shichong did not buy it, as a result, he launched a coup d'état, killed Yuan Wendu and Lu Chu and others, and then took over the Sui Gong Emperor Yang Tong, who had just ascended the throne, and single-handedly took power over the entire Luoyang.
Wang Shichong's first goal after taking power was to destroy this Wagang army in one fell swoop. The two sides fought twice, the first was a victory for the Wagang Army, and the second was because Wang Shichong sent 200 cavalry to sneak into the Wagang Army camp and set fires everywhere, causing the soldiers of the Wagang Army to be in chaos and run away, and since then the Wagang Army, which was very prosperous, has disappeared into history.
The original generals of the Wagang Army were scattered everywhere, and Li Mi hastily defected to Li Yuan in the Guanzhong region, because Li Yuan was of the same root as him, and he was a descendant of the Guanlong aristocratic clique during the Western Wei and Northern Zhou dynasties. Li Yuan's grandfather and Li Mi's great-grandfather, at that time, were also officials worshiped as the General of the Eight Pillars State. It was two of the eight generals, so as soon as Li Mi failed, he defected to Li Yuan. Qin Qiong and Cheng Yaojin switched to Wang Shichong.
Three. During his service for Wang Shichong
Although Wang Shichong respected Qin Qiong, he also made him a general of Long Jun. But Wang Shichong's character was very poor. First of all, Wang Shichong came to power by patting the Sui Emperor's ass, and it was difficult to convince the public. Secondly, Wang Shichong spoke a bit "broken mouth", and he was endless. The history books record:
"Every time the world listens to the dynasty, it will be diligent in its teachings, repetitive in its words, in a thousand ways, in a hundred ways, and tired of listening." (Old Book of Tang, Biography of Wang Shichong)
Finally, and most importantly, Wang Shichong killed Pei Renji and Pei Xingyu's father and son.
Pei Renji was the old superior of Qin Qiong and Cheng Yaojin, and Pei Xingyu was also an important general in the Wagang Army in the past. The father and son were unhappy with Wang Shichong's way of dealing with the world, and planned to launch a coup d'état to kill Wang Shichong, and then get Yang Dong back and re-establish himself as emperor. As a result, the matter was revealed, and Wang Shichong knew the situation and cut off the Pei family father and son, and then killed Yang Tong. Killing Pei's father and son made Qin Qiong and Cheng Yaojin and others very angry.
So they are leaving Wang Shichong. During the conspiracy, Cheng Yaojin said something like this: "Wang Shichong is a very popular person, very shallow, and he is good at talking big, and he loves to gamble and swear an oath, this is obviously an old witch, this is the lord of chaos, and he can't follow him for a long time." "So they made up their minds to find an opportunity to go.
Soon the opportunity came, Wang Shichong's army engaged the Tang army, and as a result, qin qiong and Cheng Yaojin and dozens of other people, after riding a certain distance to the west, dismounted and rushed at Wang Shichong, and then Qin Qiong said: "Although you have treated us with courtesy, we do not want to be loyal to you anymore, and we resign." Wang Shichong was stupidly stunned in the same place, because the difference in strength values was too large, and he did not dare to come up to catch up, so he let Qin Qiong and them leave.
Shu Bao Bo ShiChong was deceitful, because he was out of the anti-official army, as for Jiuqu, he rode west with Cheng Yaojin, Wu Heimin, Niu Jinda and dozens of others to ride a hundred steps, and dismounted from his horse to worship Shi Chong: "Although I have received special gifts, I can't rely on things, please resign from here." "Shi Chong did not dare to force it, so he came to descend." (Old Book of Tang, Biography of Uncle Qin)
Four. During his time at Datang
Participated in the battle: The Battle of Miragawa
In February of the second year of Tang Wude (619), Qin Qiong and others left Wang Shichong and defected to Li Yuan. After Li Yuan accepted Qin Qiong and them, he placed them under the command of Li Shimin, the King of Qin, and Li Shimin was very happy to get Qin Qiong.
"Emperor Taizong heard of his bravery and courtesy, from the town of Changchun Palace, the commander-in-chief of the Baima Army." (Old Book of Tang, Biography of Uncle Qin)
Li Shimin had long heard of Qin Qiong's great name, and after he came, he was probably envious of Qin Qiong's riding skills, so he let Qin Qiong lead his cavalry and became the commander of the horse army. Qin Qiong soon had an opportunity to repay Li Shimin.
A month later, Liu Wuzhou, the largest separatist force in the north, raised an army to attack Tang, and Li Yuanji, the King of Qi, abandoned Taiyuan and fled back to Chang'an. Liu Wuzhou's general Song Jingang (宋金刚) took advantage of the victory to pursue, and seeing that the Tang army was in danger, Li Shimin stepped forward and led 30,000 elite soldiers across the Yellow River to confront the Song Jingang army at Baibi (白壁, in present-day southwest of Xindai, Shanxi).
Earlier, Liu Wuzhou's general Chi Jingde captured Li Shimin's uncle alive in Xia County (present-day Xia County, Shanxi) and prepared to return to Huan Prefecture (浍州, in modern Yicheng, Shanxi), at which point Qin Qiong was already ambushed at Meiliangchuan (美良川, in modern Wenxinan, Shanxi) between Xia County and Huan Prefecture, preparing to attack head-on.
Li Tang's troops and Liu Wuzhou's troops confronted each other for a long time, and there was not much military food left on both sides, and neither side could afford to spend it after such consumption. According to the Zizhi Tongjian, at the suggestion of Li Shimin, the number one generals of the two armies, Qin Qiong and Wei Chi Jingde, fought a game in the Meiliang River, 1 on 1. Song Jingang was also unwilling to fight for a long time, so he agreed to Li Shimin's suggestion.
Regarding the results of this head-to-head, both the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Qin Shubao record that "the battle is beautiful and the river is good, and the lieutenant Chi Jingde is broken". The Zizhi Tongjian records that "the great break was beheaded by more than 2,000 people". It can be seen that in the end, Qin Qiong won in this duel. Qin Qiongbu beheaded more than 2,000 ranks and returned home with a big victory. After Wei Chi Jingde struggled to break out of the encirclement, he fled to Xunzhou. After this decisive battle, Wei Chi Jingde "only spared himself."
While recovering the lost territory, the Tang army continued to confront Song Jingang. A year later, Song Jingang withdrew because of the exhaustion of military food, and Li Shimin pursued with all his might. In desperation, Song Jingang led 20,000 troops to deploy at Jiexiu (介休, in modern Jiexiu, Shanxi), back to the city, and fought a decisive battle against the Tang army.
The Tang army broke through the enemy position, and Qin Qiong and Cheng Yaojin were responsible for attacking the northern end of the large array, and the flag was everywhere, and they were invincible. In the end, Liu Wuzhou and Song Jingang fled to the Turks, and Wei Chi Jingde saw that the general trend had gone, so he submitted to the Tang.
Therefore, in my opinion, the first general of the late Sui and early Tang dynasties was not the fictional Li Yuanba, nor Wei Chigong, but the good Han Qin Shubao of Shandong.
This was also confirmed in the epitaph of Qin Qiong's son Qin Huaidao, unearthed in 1974. In the epitaph, there is a description of this:
"Zu Shubao, Sui Longjun general, lieutenant Chi Jingde Yu Mirakawa."
That is to say, in the Battle of Mirakawa, Qin Qiong won Wei Chigong in a 1-on-1 battle, and it was obvious that the two of them were more skilled in martial arts.
The Zizhi Tongjian also records:
"The King of Qin Shimin sent soldiers Shangshu Yin Kaishan and the general Qin Shubao to invite them to Meiliangchuan, and they were greatly destroyed and beheaded more than 2,000 people. Tilted, Jingde and Xiangxiang sneaked in to guide the elite to ride to help Wang Xingben in Pusaka, and the people of the world rode three thousand, from the middle road to Anyi at night, invited to strike, and broke it, and Respected Virtue and Xiang only spared themselves, and they floated the crowd and returned to Baibi. ”
Combining cultural relics and historical materials, it can be concluded that Qin Qiong's martial arts are indeed the first in the early Tang Dynasty, and no one can compare. And Qin Qiong in the interpretation was simply blackened.
After the Battle of Meiliangchuan, Qin Qiong participated in important battles such as Tiger Prison Pass, helping the Tang army capture Dou Jiande alive and force Wang Shichong to surrender. As a result, the main areas of the Central Plains fell under the control of the Tang army. Qin Qiong was given a hundred pounds of gold and seven thousand pieces of gold, and was enfeoffed as the Duke of Yiguo for his merits.
In the ninth year of Wu De (626), Qin Qiong participated in the XuanwuMen Incident, and although he was not among the 9 people who entered the city gate, he was stationed outside the Xuanwu Gate and engaged in a fierce battle with the army led by Xie Shufang and Xue Wanche of the Crown Prince's Mansion, resisting their attack. As Wei Chi Jingde cut off the head of Crown Prince Li Jiancheng and showed it to the people under the city tower, the talent of the princeling party scattered. Qin Qiong did not fail in his mission and fulfilled the duties entrusted to him by Li Shimin.
After the incident, Li Shimin rewarded meritorious personnel, worshiped Qin Qiong as the great general of Zuo Wuwei, and sealed 700 households.
However, after the incident, Qin Qiong rarely appeared on the historical stage, because he had been in the battlefield for a long time, and his health had a condition. Qin Qiong once said something to someone like this:
"I have been a young man and a horse, and after more than two hundred battles, I have been hit by heavy sores repeatedly, and the bleeding before and after my counts has also been counted, and I am not sick?" (Old Book of Tang, Biography of Uncle Qin)
In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638), Qin Qiong died of illness and was posthumously given to the governor of Xuzhou and buried with Zhaoling. Five years later, Tang Taizong put the portraits of twenty-four heroes into the Ling Yan Pavilion, and Qin Qiong, who died, was also listed among them, becoming a famous Tang hero in history.