Briefing on the excavation of the tomb of Yan Deyuan in the Jin Dynasty of Datong

Briefing on the excavation of the tomb of Yan Deyuan in the Jin Dynasty of Datong

Cultural Relics, No. 04, 1978, Datong City Museum

The tomb of Yan Deyuan is located about one kilometer west of Datong City (Figure 1). In October 1973, our museum carried out excavations in conjunction with the capital construction project. This is a relatively rich artifact unearthed in the Tomb of the Jin Dynasty discovered in our city, which provides us with precious physical materials for our study of the economy and culture and art of the Jin Dynasty.

One

The tomb is a brick single-chamber tomb of imitation wooden structure, three degrees south-west, composed of three parts: the tomb passage, the Yongdao and the burial chamber (Figure 2). The total length of the tomb is 4.80 meters, the width is 1.28 meters, and there are steps up to the Yongdao. The yongdao is 1.32 long, 0.87 wide and 1.32 meters high, and the two walls are made of bricks. The place where the Yongdao and the burial chamber meet are sealed with three layers of single-sided grooved green bricks, and a large bluestone slab 1.41 long, 0.89 wide and 9 cm thick is blocked outside. The tomb is square in plan, with a length of 3.12 meters from north to south and 3.11 meters wide from east to west. The top of the tomb is a conical shape with four corners and tips, with a large bronze mirror with a plain face embedded in the center (Fig. 17), and a lotus pattern is drawn around the mirror (Fig. 16). The four walls of the tomb are made of single-sided grooved green bricks with a length of 30.5, a width of 15.5 and a thickness of 5 cm, and are sewn with white ash, and then a thin layer of white ash is smeared on the brick wall. The back of the burial chamber is built with a rectangular flat coffin bed, which is 3.11 long, 1.23 wide and 0.25 meters high. The coffin bed and the bottom of the tomb are tiled with strips of brick. The brick carved dou peaches on the tomb wall are all made of single copy and four paving: pubai square under no pillar, the upper place of the tree bucket, the middle of the mud road peach, the upper side of the pillar head side, the first jump out of the Chinese chess, the upper place of the interactive bucket to support the ling peach, the mud road chess at both ends of the scatter bucket and the intersection of the ling chess, with the bamboo style to play the head, on which to use the heart to fight, and then to support the eaves square (Figure 14, 15).

Two

On the brick coffin bed at the back of the burial chamber, the coffin is placed horizontally from east to west, the outer rafter is 2.32 meters long, the middle width is 0.83 meters, the front height is 0.88 meters, and the rafter is 5 centimeters thick; the inner coffin is 2.01, 0.69 meters wide, the front height is 0.59 meters, and the coffin plate is 4 centimeters thick. Inside the coffin there is a male elderly corpse, head west and feet east, straight limbs on the back; tied hair, head rest Han white jade pillow; face covered with a piece of yarn, see 37.5 cm square, painted with Taoist symbols, wearing a yellow Luo cross-collar wide-sleeved avenue robe, wrapped in crane strikes, belt tied at the waist, wearing more than ten pieces of silk cotton, clips, single clothes, feet wearing cloth socks and silk embroidered phoenix-patterned cloud head sea peach mouth shoes. The body is covered with a quilt, a cotton mattress is placed underneath, and a cool mat is laid under the mattress, and there is a hollow wooden frame under the cool mat. On the north side of the head is a lacquered round box, on the south side there is a lacquer bowl, in the middle there is a lacquer box (containing five square seals), and on the south side of the foot there is a fragment of a bamboo crutch. In addition, several books were placed in the gap between the east end of the coffin, which decayed into powder.

Three

The relics unearthed in the tomb are relatively rich, with a total of more than 90 pieces. On the south side of the coffin, there are three wooden offering tables side by side, and on the table are small pieces with a variety of burial items. The burial items are mainly wooden mingware, others are lacquerware, porcelain, bone ware, pottery, bronze, stone carvings, seals and silk fabrics.

Twenty pieces of wood. Placed on the large table in the middle, there are shadow screens, towel racks, beds, coffee tables, pot racks, tables and chairs, etc., all of which are small furniture. Among them, the scarf frame, the basin seat, the wax platform, and the shadow screen are similar to the same type of wooden tools produced in the tomb of Feng Daozhen in the Previous Yuan Dynasty; The tables and chairs are similar to the pottery tables and chairs produced by the tomb of Wang Qing in the Yuan Dynasty of Datong, and the wooden tea table and wooden tatami are found for the first time in our city, especially the wooden tatami production is more chic and the level of craftsmanship is higher. A large wooden screen was placed on the lower part of the east and west walls of the tomb, which was badly decayed and dilapidated (Fig. 12). The wooden utensils are described as follows:

One piece for the table. Placed in the middle of three table offerings, elm wood, 72 high, table top 79.5 long, width 53 cm. It is composed of three parts: low-flowing round legs, round lining file and table top. The table top consists of four frames and a center plate. The lower part is decorated with round-headed flower teeth on both sides. Various small wooden mingles are placed on the table (Plate 1:2).

Long table for two pieces. Elm wood, height 47.5, table top length 85.5, width 53 cm. It is composed of three parts: legs, lining gear and table top. The table on the east side is badly decayed, and the utensils of life on the table are scattered on the ground due to the decay of the table.

Two pieces of screen. The east and west walls of the tomb are each placed one piece, poplar wood, through the height of 1.16, the total length of 2.32 meters, the base height of 38.7, width of 38.3 cm. It is composed of three parts: the cloud head base, the rectangular frame and the checkered frame, and the checkered frame is the screen center, which is composed of fourteen vertical files and four horizontal gears (Figure 12). The checkered shelves are framed and pasted, and then the books are written and painted, and only fragments remain. The Liao, Jin, and Yuan tombs in the Datong area generally have murals, and this tomb replaces the murals with screen paintings, which is the first time to see them.

One piece of the screen. Apricot wood, composed of two parts: the cloud head base and the screen. It has a height of 28.8, a screen length of 25.7 and a width of 19 cm. The front is a marble painting screen, which is broken (Plate 1:6).

One towel rack. Apricot wood, composed of three parts: cross base, pole and cross pole. The height of the pass is 18.8 and the length of the crossbar is 15.2 cm. The two ends of the crossbar are made into a cloud head shape.

One piece of coffee table. Apricot wood, composed of three parts: lower legs, lining gear, and several sides. The square is 7.5 and the height is 15.7 cm (Plate 1:4).

Two pieces of basin seat. Apricot wood, six-barn shaped, palatial oval, composed of four parts: luohan legs, lining, enclosure and seat circle. Pass height 13.8 cm. The bib is decorated with clouded teeth between the bib and the legs of the Arhat. The legs of the Luohan are connected to the seat ring, the seat circle diameter is 12.8 cm, and the lower part of the seat ring has six "ten" hollow patterns of the fence. The middle of the Arhat's leg is supported by a cross-liner (Fig. 18).

One piece of wooden tatami. Apricot wood, 40.4 long, 25.5 wide and 20 cm high. Shaped like a wooden bed, it is composed of four parts: autumn leaf legs, tatami, tatami, tatami and bibal, with beautiful shape and exquisite structure (Plate 1:5).

One piece of chair. Apricot wood, height 20.5 cm. Shaped like a Taishi chair, it is composed of four parts: legs, chair surface, backrest and armrest. The legs of the chair are thin and thick, and the back of the chair is relatively long. The chair is 10.5 cm square and the armrest is 17.4 cm long. The lower part of the chair surface is decorated with round-headed flower teeth on all four sides (Plate 1:1)

One piece of wooden floor table. Apricot wood, height 12.3 cm. It is composed of three parts: round legs, round lining and table top. The front and back sides of the table top are decorated with flower teeth. The table top is 16.3 cm long and 9.2 cm wide (Figure 2 O).

Two pieces of Kang table. Apricot wood, height 7.5, table top length 18.5, width 11.5 cm. It is composed of three parts: legs, lining gear and table top. The lower part of the table is decorated with round-headed flower teeth on both sides, and the legs of the table are thin and thick. The table top is heavy and heavy, and the wooden wax table is placed on the table (Plate 1:3).

A pair of wax tables. Poplar wood, composed of four parts: base, wax basket, wax plate and wax seat. Residual height 14, wax disc diameter 7, base diameter 7.5 cm. One is well preserved and the other is badly damaged.

One piece of square kang table. It is composed of three parts: round legs, round lining file and table top. Height 8.8, table top square 10.5 cm. The table top is thicker and heavier, and the legs are thick and have side corners. A wooden bottle was placed on the table, and the bottle was mutilated (Fig. 19).

One county shelf. Apricot wood, composed of three parts: cloud head seat, pole and frame surface. It is 5.2 cm high, 11.8 cm long and 1.6 cm wide (Fig. 21).

One hat rack. Placed on the west side of the coffin bed on the west side of the offering table, there is a velvet crown on the shelf, and the crown is decayed. The wooden frame poplar wood is composed of two parts: a four-cornered cloud head cross and an arched cross bamboo frame. Height 14, see square 34 cm (Figure 3).

Fourteen pieces of lacquerware. One part is placed inside the coffin, and the other part is placed on the offering table on the east side of the south side of the coffin bed. Later, due to the decay of the table, the utensils were scattered nearby, including five large lacquer bowls, two small lacquer bowls, two lacquer plates, and two lacquer boxes with lids.

Paint bowl one piece. Bamboo tires, first smeared with grease, and then painted with black paint, shaped like a spittoon. Height 6.7 cm, upper plate, diameter 14.9 cm. There is a saliva in it, with a caliber of 6.1 cm and a round lid (Fig. 26).

One piece of lacquer set box. Bamboo tires, first smeared with grease, and then painted with black paint, round, with a total of four sections. It has a width of 11.8 and a diameter of 8.1 cm (Figure 27).

One piece of lacquer box. Wrapped in silk, plain surface, with lid, flat bottom, containing a five-square horn stamp, 9.5 cm high and 9 cm square (Fig. 4).

Five large lacquer bowls. Bamboo tires are made in the same way as lacquer cups. Open, deep belly, small sole, circle foot, silver edge along the mouth. Height 5.3, caliber 17.5, bottom diameter 6.6 cm (Figures 22, 23).

Two small lacquer bowls. One is more complete and the other is badly damaged. Height 3.5, caliber 11.8 cm.

Two pieces of lacquer dish. Round, open, flat bottom. One is more complete and the other is badly damaged. Height 2.1, caliber 13.3, bottom diameter 10.6 cm (Figure 25).

Two pieces of round lacquer box. Bamboo tires are made in the same way as lacquer cups. Open, deep belly, flat bottom, round, with lid, silver edge along the mouth. One piece is more complete. Height 6, caliber 11.7 cm (Fig. 24). Horn seal five squares.

Seal engraving "Deyuan" printed on one side. The printed surface is 3 square and 1.7 cm thick. The handle is rectangular in shape and 1.6 cm high. The top of the print handle is engraved with the word "Shang" (Figure 9).

Seal engraving "Longshan Daoist" seal side. The printed face is 3.4 square and 1.8 cm thick. The handle is arched and 1.6 cm high. The top of the print handle is engraved with the word "Shang" (Figure 7).

Seal engraving "Jade Void Room Teacher" printed on one side. The print face is 4 cm long, 3.3 cm wide and 2 cm thick. The handle is arched and 1.7 cm high, and the upper end of the handle is engraved with the word "Shang" (figure

The seal is engraved with "Heavenly Abbot Old Man" on one side. The print face is 4 cm long, 3.3 cm wide and 2 cm thick. The handle is arched, 2 cm high, and marked on the upper end of the handle (Fig. 5).

Seal engraving "Qingxiazi Ji" printed on one side. The printed face is 3.5 square and 1.9 cm thick. The handle is rectangular in shape, 1.5 cm high, and the upper end of the handle is engraved with the word "Shang" (Fig. 8).

Sixteen pieces of porcelain.

Bean green dark pattern long-necked porcelain bottle two pieces. Rolled mouth, long neck, bulging abdomen, flat bottom, circle foot. The tires are white and hard, and the light bean blue glaze. Height 17, caliber 4.7, bottom diameter 5 cm. One of the glazes was badly peeled off (Fig. 35).

A large bowl of white porcelain. The tire is sandy white and hard, rough, open, deep abdomen, circle foot. Height 7.3, caliber 20.7, bottom diameter 7 cm. This large porcelain bowl is placed under the south walls on both sides of the burial chamber. The sesame oil inside the bowl has solidified into black, probably as a long lamp (Fig. 28).

Five pieces of white glazed porcelain jars. Round mouth, bulging belly, flat bottom, circle foot, beautiful shape. Four pieces are complete and one piece is broken. fetus

The sand is white and hard, the glaze is uniform and delicate, and the color is bright. The height of the cover is 14.5, the diameter is 8.8, and the bottom diameter is 5.8 cm. The tank contains grains and grains (Figure 33).

A small incense burner of jun porcelain. Open mouth, short neck, bulging abdomen, three-hoofed foot, height 7.3, caliber 7.6 cm. Light bean cyan glaze with fine cracks in ice (Fig. 32).

A small bowl of white porcelain. The tires are sandy white and hard. The glaze is uniform and delicate, and the color is bright. Open, deep belly, small bottom, circle foot, height 5.2, caliber 12.4, bottom diameter 3.6 cm (Fig. 30).

Wash one piece with a small pen with white glaze engraving. The tires are sandy white and hard, milky white glaze, delicate. Wash the inner insole engraved with flowers, the transparency is strong. Open, flat-bottomed, shallow saucer-shaped, height 2, caliber 10.4, bottom diameter 8.1 cm (Fig. 29).

Black glaze oil dot small bowl two pieces. Open, deep abdomen, small bottom, circle foot, delicate tire quality. The black glaze oil spots inside the bowl are very beautiful. Height 4.3, caliber 9, diameter 3.1 cm. All are broken.

A small porcelain bowl. Hagi, deep abdomen, small bottom, height 3.7, caliber 8.4 cm, coated with white glaze on the outside and black glaze on the inside (Fig. 31)

Sauce glazed chicken thigh altar two pieces. Small mouth, short neck, bulging abdomen, flat bottom. The abdomen is decorated with spiral patterns. Height 35, caliber 5, bottom diameter 9 cm (Figure 34).

Twenty-four pieces of silk fabrics. The selection is now to be introduced below:

One piece of collared straight-sleeved wide-sleeved robe. Single robe, Rhodi earth yellow, wide sleeves, thin waist, open, sleeve width 95 cm, sleeve drooping arc, similar to the yellow Silk Yarn painted lace robe excavated from the Southern Song Dynasty Huang Sheng Tomb in the northern suburbs of Fuzhou City, with sleeve length of 2.40, body length of 1.48, waist width of 0.80 meters (plate 2: 2). On the collar, cuffs, placket, and lower open edges, they are all inlaid with black edges, the trim is 11 cm wide, and there are silk embroidered cirrus motifs and ninety cranes, which are vivid (Plate 2: 1). Two strips of clothing belt also embroidered with cranes (plate 2: 4)

Crane whole piece. Rhodi yellow-brown, 2.34 long, 1.35 meters wide, embroidered with silk in four squares of continuous crane and cloud pattern, a large range of groups. The crane is 14 cm tall and 13.8 cm wide, and there are seventy-two cranes, each soaring in a different posture in the clouds. The crane strikes on all sides with black edges, a width of 11.3 cm, and embroidered with thirty-four cranes. This crane strikes a total of one hundred and six other cranes (Plate 2: 3).

Brocade Luo handed over a collared single robe. Rhodi yellow, sleeve length 2.24, body length 1.28, waist width 0.73, sleeve width 27 meters. The cuffs and gown are trimmed with embroidered cranes and cloud patterns. The collar part was badly decayed.

Fluke clip pad one piece. Rhodi is yellow, rectangular, 1.25 meters long and 0.98 meters wide. The pads and four sides are embroidered with two consecutive, left-right symmetrical Fluke patterns. Each group of motifs is laceed with coiled honeysuckle patterns, with deer patterns in the middle, the deer are 4.1 meters high and 2.3 cm long, the four horns of the deer are decorated with bats, and the upper right of the deer is decorated with the word "Fu" and peony patterns.

One piece of apron stubs. The length is 115 cm and the width is 10.2 cm, and the printing and dyeing method is printed into black, ochre and gold cranes and cirrus patterns, and the cranes soar in different postures in the clouds.

One piece of long strip of rosé. It is 1.48 meters long and 0.49 meters wide. The diamond-shaped pattern is woven on it, which is very light and thin.

Three pieces of silk belt. It can be divided into two types: round and flat. Round belt one piece, purple, with spikes, 3.20 meters long. Two flat belts, yellow and tassels, one 3.20 meters long and the other 2.28 meters long (Figures 41 and 42).

Two pairs of cloud head sea peach mouth shoes. The I type is 26 cm long, 7.5 cm wide and 8 cm high. On both sides of the nose, the silk embroidery phoenix pattern, the toe of the shoe is embellished with seven beads, and the sole is seriously decayed. The I type is 26 cm long, 7.5 cm wide and 8 cm high. The toe and upper are embroidered with a cloud pattern, and the sole is decayed.

A pair of pointed cotton shoes. Round mouth high-waisted shoes, length 28, width 8, height 13.8 cm, upper upper with straps, can be elastic, the upper of the upper purple, yellow mouth, the sole is rotten (Picture 45).

Five stone carvings.

One piece of incense burner. Open mouth, short neck, drum belly (inner incense ash), dragon head and two ears, three hoofed feet, the middle of the abdomen is carved with geometric patterns, upper and lower animal face patterns and cloud patterns. The shape is beautiful and the carving is exquisite (Figure 38).

Two pieces of stone lions. Pass height 15.3 cm. Lower oval seat. The head is covered with hairs and the neck is tied with bells. One with its tongue outstretched and its feet on a ball; the other with its teeth closed and teeth open, like a small animal. The whole body is coated with white powder, and the red, green and blue colors are applied intermittently, but most of the color falls off (Figure 36).

One stone pillow. The texture is white jade, and the pillow surface is seriously corroded. Length 24, width 17, height 16.3 cm (Fig. 39).

One epitaph. It stands on the south wall of the burial chamber and on the west side of the entrance to the burial chamber (Fig. 13). Length 67, width 49, thickness 16.5 cm. The text is 301 words, and the record is as follows (pictured-)

Xijing YuXuan Sect Master Yan Cemetery Epitaph

Mr. Fa Zhen Deyuan Character Ofe Shen Fu Xiang Ju Bi Liang is also few and The Tao Dao Dun She Dust YuanShi Xuan and Shi Chen Zhang Gong for the office of the Daoist priest ordered the Golden Altar Lang to be the Heavenly Revolution Inspector Xiang Feng Xiang Feng came to the haunt of this place, and Bu Zhu built in The West Of Jing Xing Chuang Tu Mu Du Set Disciples Zhonglin Palace Magnificent Counting Day Became Qing Gao Zhi Yu Gong Hou Shu Jing Zhi Zhi Death is the middle of December also summoned the Day of the Day Bu Qijichen to be buried according to the will of Bi Mingzhi In Shi Yi Ji Years Mr. Meritorious Deeds Carrying Pavilion Stele Da Ding Thirty Years First Month Eighteenth Disciple Han Go To Love and Other Jin Zhi Jin Shi Zhu Ting Wrote Little Master Kong Dao Debate Blood Book Dan

Other living utensils, including bronze, bone, pottery, etc. A total of 20 pieces. Placed in the coffin are toothpins, small wooden combs, copper flower pieces, small copper mirrors, ivory rings, bone brushes, rosaries, material rings, etc. Placed under the south side of the coffin bed are tin bottles, pottery square buckets, silver chopsticks, silver inlaid spoons, etc.

One small copper mirror. The shape is small and thick, the copper is better, round, 10.7 in diameter, 0.7 in thickness, and 0.9 cm wide on the back. Semi-circular button with a sea beast grape pattern at the center of the mirror (Fig. 44).

One piece of large bronze mirror. The shape is thick and heavy, the copper is better, round, the diameter is 32.1, the thickness is 0.7, and the back

The width of the face edge is 1.6 cm. The side is engraved with six characters (Figure 1 O), semi-circular button, with a copper ring on it, originally embedded in the center of the tomb roof.

One piece of copper belt hook. Tied to the waist of the deceased, it consists of two parts: a copper hook and a copper ring, and the copper hook is 11.2 cm long. The brass ring consists of two half-rings with a diameter of 5.4 cm (Figure 40: right).

Three pieces of copper flower pieces. Tie a belt ornament. One square animal face pattern piece, see square 4.6EX cirrus pattern flower piece two pieces (Figure 40, left).

One piece of residual tin bottle. Crest, small mouth, long neck, round abdomen, residual height of 21.8, abdominal diameter 9.7, caliber 1 cm, abdomen decay and damage is serious.

Tao Fang Dou one piece. Gray, hard pottery, shaped like a square bucket, the mouth is 13.5 square, and the height is 10.7 cm. Exposure

Deep abdomen, flat bottom, seat decorated with cirrus legs (Fig. 37).

Two pieces of teeth. The length of the vertical hairpin is 16 cm, and the length of the flat hairpin is 15.8 cm (Fig. 46: middle and bottom).

Bone long handle brush one piece. It is 22.8 cm long and 0.7 cm wide, with the bristles of the brush head falling off (Fig. 46: Top).

One piece of ivory ring plate. Long strips, smeared on top and headed down. Length 47.5, width 7.2, thickness 1.4 cm, unearthed in a silk bag, severe decay.

A wooden comb. The comb teeth are fine, 9.3 cm long and 3.3 cm wide, and broken.

One piece of rattan crutch. Mutilated, only the tail end remains.

One piece of velvet crown. Placed on the west side of the south side of the coffin bed for the table, it is used as a dojo. The decay is severe. There is a book on each side of the east and west sides of the crown, which decays into powder.

Two strings of rosary beads. The texture is fired, round, light blue, and shiny (Fig. 43).

One piece of small material ring. Round, 1.9 cm in diameter, stub 2 segments.

A pair of wooden chopsticks. The stump is 28 cm long and has a silver flake.

One piece of wooden spoon. 20 cm long, covered with silver flakes.

Four

Near Songzhuang, two kilometers northwest of Datong City, the tomb of Feng Daozhen, a Taoist priest of the Yuan Dynasty, and Li Miaoyiji, a female Taoist priest of the Yuan Dynasty, have been excavated, and in October 1973, the Jin Dynasty Taoist monk Yan Deyuanji was excavated. According to the epitaph, the Jin Dynasty Xijing built a jade virtual temple. It can be seen that there were many Taoist temples in this area during the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties, and Taoism had a great influence in this area at that time.

According to the epitaph: "The Western Jingyu Void Sect Master Yan Gong, Xuanhe Shuchen Zhang Gong was appointed as a priest to grant the Golden Altar Lang ,...... The Marquis of Guiqi was revered as a god, and the imperial court gave him the title of Master, the Sect of Feathers.... "It shows that the deceased was appreciated by the powerful people of Xijing before his death, and the regime and religion used each other." This is a useful physical material for studying the history of religion in our country, especially the spread of Taoism in the north.

A batch of silk fabrics was unearthed from the tomb, which was the first time in our city. From the forms of robes, robes, shoulders, pants, and skirts made of silk fabrics, we can understand the Taoist style of the Jin Dynasty. Crane pen, with Taoist characteristics. On the lace embellished on the robe, the embroidery of the crane cloud pattern, the design is simple, the embroidery is exquisite, and the technique is skilled, reflecting the high achievements of the Jin Dynasty in embroidery craftsmanship.

The small wooden furniture of the Jin Dynasty excavated from this tomb is small and exquisite, and the shape is beautiful. These tables, chairs, tables, and beds, although they are open utensils, are also imitations of everyday utensils. For example, the wooden furniture at that time still had side corners, and the feet of the small wooden tables in the Ming dynasty also had side corners. The legs of the chair are thin and thick, and the horizontal wood in the back is relatively long, similar to the table and chair at the end of the north from hebei, and see the round feet on the lower part of the table and chair built on the wall of tomb No. 1 in "Baisha Song Tomb", and the small head on the foot is connected to the table and the chair surface, which is the old system since five generations. Paintings of the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty, such as Gu Yongzhong's "Han Xizai's Night Feast", the Song Ren's "Summer Elimination Map" (now in the Palace Museum in Beijing), Liu Yuan's "Sima Huan Mengsu Xiaotu", etc., among which the tables and chairs painted, and the wooden tables carved from the bricks of the Song woman's painting are all like this. The wooden basin seat excavated from this tomb is similar to the curved basin frame in the mural on the southwest wall of the back room of the Song Tomb No. 1 in Baisha No. 1. In the past, the study of ancient wooden furniture in China was mainly based on temple murals, ancient paintings, ancient tomb murals and brick carving materials. A batch of small wooden furniture unearthed this time provides valuable information for studying the development of furniture in China.

(Author: Xie Tingqi Photographer: Zhao Qi)