Autumn Jingmen 丨 Ancient Poetry Appreciation

Autumn Thorn Gate

Li Bai (Tang Dynasty)

Frost fell on the Jingmen River trees, and the cloth sails hung harmlessly in the autumn wind.

This trip is not for the perch bass, self-love famous mountain into the sword.

paraphrase:

Jingmen Mountain frost fell in autumn, leaves scattered in the sky, autumn wind also sent me off, so that my journey was safe.

This trip away from home was not for the sake of tongue greed, but for the sake of visiting the famous mountains and rivers, so I wanted to go to this place.

Appreciation:

The poem was written during Li Bai's first trip to Shu. The poem borrows lyricism to express the poet's happy mood of autumn travel, and also expresses the poet's pride and heart of wanting to enjoy the mountains and rivers of the motherland and not hesitate to go away. The whole poem has its own image of scenery, narrative and discussion, the gestures are flexible and natural, the style is graceful and elegant without losing its boldness and elegance, and the wonderful use of allusions without traces has reached the realm of innovation, liveliness and nature.

The first sentence is to write the scene, and at the same time point out the "autumn" and "Jingmen" in the question. Jingmen Mountain was originally a forest of trees and green leaves, but when the poet arrived, it was under the frost in autumn, the leaves were scattered, and the eyes were empty. Due to the mountain sky, the river surface is also more open. This "empty" character very vividly depicts the scene of clean mountains and clear waters, and the heavens and the earth are pure, and the silhouette is tall and tall, without the sense of decay.

The second sentence, "BuFan Hangs the Autumn Wind Without Harm", inherits the word "Jiang" in the previous sentence, and secretly points the word "down" in the question. Gu Kaizhi, a great painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, joined the army of the Shogunate of Jingzhou's assassin Yin Zhongkan, and once told him to take a boat to the east, Yin Zhongkan specially lent him the cloth sail, and when he encountered strong winds on the way, Gu Kaizhi wrote to Yin Zhongkan and said: "The pedestrians are safe and the sails are safe. Here borrows the allusion of "the sail is unharmed", which not only shows that the poet's journey is safe, but also has the meaning of smooth sailing and the wish of heaven to help others. This scene of sending off the boat in the autumn wind vividly writes the poet's incomparably optimistic and gratifying mood.

There is a poem by a predecessor: "Zhang Hanjiang went east, just when the autumn wind was blowing." The third sentence of this poem is connected by the "autumn wind" in the second sentence. It is said that during the Western Jin Dynasty, zhang Han, a Wu man, was an official in Luoyang, and when he saw the autumn wind rising, he thought of the lettuce soup and perch in his hometown, and said: "Life is too expensive to be suitable for Zhi'er, how can you be bound for thousands of miles, in order to be famous!" So I went back to my hometown. Li Bai's trip was in the autumn, and the boat was sailing towards the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which reminded him of Zhang Han's story, but he declared that "this trip is not for sea bass bass", the purpose of this trip is different from Zhang Han, he himself is far away from home. This reversal not only makes the poem undulating, but also urgently calls out the following "self-love famous mountain into the sword". In present-day Shengzhou, Zhejiang, there are many mountains and rivers in the territory. The word "self" in the sentence echoes the "not for" in the previous sentence, and the two sentences are closely connected, which enhances the emotional color.

The ancients once said: "The words of the poet are not enough to be true." That probably means that poetry has the characteristics of condensation, generalization, exaggeration, and implication, and the meaning of the language in the poem often cannot be literally said to be "real" and dead, so the person who writes the poem should also "not use words to harm the intention." If the three or four sentences of this poem are only understood as the purpose of the poet's confession of "this trip", not for the delicious food of Wudi, but to appreciate the famous mountains in The Middle, it is too superficial and too "real". Li Bai's "entry into the middle of the sword" was a few years later. To know what its meaning is, the reader has to return to the third sentence of the poem. Judging from what Zhang Han said, Zhang Han opposed the "Mingjue" and the "Sea bass fish", abandoning the former one and choosing the latter one; and Li Bai's attitude toward the latter was very clear - "This trip is not for the perch fish". As for the former, the poet does not explicitly say. However, what he said and did after the "Autumn Jingmen" made this issue very clear. First, the "trip" did not "enter the middle of the sword", but traveled around the Jianghan area, looking for opportunities to seek advancement; second, he also clearly declared: "The great husband will have the ambition of the four directions, but to fight the sword to go to the country, to resign his relatives and travel far." ("History of Pei Chang of Shang'an Prefecture") He also hoped to "strive for his wisdom, willing to be an auxiliary, so that HuanQu Da Ding and Hai County Qingyi" ("Dai Shou Shan Answer Meng Shaofu Migration Document"). This kind of ambition to make meritorious achievements and the spirit of actively using the world are exactly the opposite of Zhang Han's attitude. Therefore, the poet at this time for "lord" and "perch fish" are the opposite of Zhang Han's meaning, but in the poem said half to leave half. Of course, this is also a "suitable aspiration", a "aspiration" to resign from relatives and travel far away and make meritorious achievements.

The fourth sentence of the poem says that enjoying the famous mountains and rivers of Shaoxing is also what the poet yearns for. This interest had been expressed long before he came out of Shu, but in connection with the previous sentence, it could not be limited to this. Li Bai, who regarded himself as extraordinary, did not want to obtain fame through the path of examination and examination taken by the ordinary literati at that time, but chose another path full of romantic colors, that is, traveling, renxia, living in a famous mountain, seeking immortals and learning the Tao, making friends with celebrities, and establishing a reputation in order to achieve the goal. Therefore, the "self-love into the mountains" here is nothing more than an artistic summary of the poet's flaunting his own style of being a noble man and a noble man and an extraordinary taste for life. This optimistic and romantic, bold and cheerful spirit, and high spirit vividly expresses the personality of the poet and the spiritual outlook of the Tang Dynasty.