Northern Yuan, after the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty's rule in the Central Plains in 1368, the Yuan Dynasty imperial family retreated to the desert north, forming a nomadic regime coexisting with the Ming Dynasty, before 1402 the name of the country was "Dayuan", and after 1402, the name of the country was "Mongolia".
The Northern Yuan regime lasted a total of twenty-nine years, during which time it experienced three rulers.
It has to be said that among all the Mongol rulers, except for the wise and divine Martial Temujin and Kublai Khan, who accepted the Sinicization, the Yuan Shun Emperor Tuhuan Timur was one of the few promising kings. It is reasonable to say that the Mongolian Yuan regime, which had maintained the state for less than a hundred years, was overthrown by the rebel army, and during this period, Duhuan Timur had become a righteous king of the subjugated country.
However, instead of fighting the enemy to the death on the battlefield, nor did he complain about himself and martyr himself, he led the remaining Mongol royal family and the few remaining troops back to the Mongolian Plateau, the land of Longxing in the Mongol Empire. Looking at the history of the past five thousand years, there is no national regime like the Yuan Dynasty that "retreated from the Central Plains".
Of course, all this is also due to the almost fanatical expansion of Temujin, the ancestor of the Bo'er Jin clan. If this were not the case, the Yuan Dynasty would not have had such a vast territory and countless khanates and tribes. For the Mongol Empire, the Territory of the Yuan Dynasty was only a part. The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was also an imperial orthodox, co-lord of the Mongol Khanate. Judging only from the fact that Tuohuan Timur still had suzerainty, the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty was a devastating blow to the Mongol Empire, although it was painful. Emperor Yuan Shun only lost his territory in the Central Plains, but he was still the suzerainty of the Mongol Empire.
Among all the Mongol rulers, Tuhuan Timur accepted Sinicization to a deeper degree. For himself, perhaps Handi is more like his hometown, and this hasty return to the north is like leaving his hometown, which is not a small blow to him. Although, in name only, he was still the supreme leader of the Mongol tribes, this did not in any way change his worries about leaving his homeland. What's more, the threat of the Ming army to the north was increasing day by day, and the news of the victory of the Ming army would be heard every three to five minutes, which made Tohuan Timur even more depressed. In this sad atmosphere, the Yuan Shun Emperor was terrified and died in 1370.
Ai Youzhi Lidara inherited the ideals of his father Emperor Yuanshun, and he worked hard to rule in Hala and Lin, extending the Northern Yuan's kingdom for another eight years, during which he constantly sought opportunities to recover the lost land. However, at this time, the Ming Dynasty was in full swing, and Aiyu Zhili Dara had no chance to regain its territory, but was instead attacked by the Ming army deep into the desert north. Two years after succeeding to the throne, the Ming general Xu Da led a large army to drive straight in and attack Hala and Lin. It can be said that this is the source of the Bo'er Zhijin family and a symbol of the glory of the Mongol Empire. If this land of Longxing was reduced to an enemy-occupied area, then the deterrent power of the Mongol Empire would cease to exist.
In order to hold on to the last hope, the Mongols rebelled very strongly.
Eventually, in one bloody battle after another, the Mongol soldiers defended Hala and Lin with their bodies. However, Xu Da's army was indomitable and never gave up its attack on Hala and Lin.
Seeing that the enemy's momentum was unabated, Aizhi Ridara was on the verge of collapse. Fortunately, the front drawn by the Ming Army in this Northern Expedition was too long, and the logistical supplies could not be sent to the front line in time, so it had to abandon the strategic plan this time.
Seeing that the Ming army had finally retreated, Ai Yuzhi Lidara breathed a long sigh of relief. However, the ideal of restoring The Great Yuan in his heart could no longer be realized in this life. In this regret, Aeyukisa died and gave the burden to his son, Takus Timur.
Timur, who had inherited the throne, was able to rule over a small and pitiful territory. Everything returns to its original point, and Timur is like his ancestor Temujin, with only a small piece of territory that is not rich.
However, at this time, the situation in the Mongolian plateau has become stable, and Timur has no chance to rise like Temujin in the past, and it is almost impossible to restore the glory of the Golden Family.
In 1388, the elite Ming army led by Lan Yu reached the Krullen River and easily defeated the Mongol army that came to meet it. Many of the princes of the Remnant Yuan, more than 3,000 officials, and more than 70,000 soldiers were captured in this war.
Although Timur escaped the battlefield, he was betrayed by his subordinates and brutally killed by his generals. At this point, The orthodox bloodline of Bo Erjin was almost broken.
This also indicates that the Bo'er Jin clan is no longer the supreme family on the Mongolian plateau. Since then, many powerful Mongol tribes have taken the opportunity to break away from the Mongol Empire and become independent khanates, no longer under the rule of the suzerainty.
In 1399, Guilichi, the leader of the Qi'erjith tribe, directly denied his suzerainty when negotiating with the last emperor of the Yuan, Erlebok. Instead of recognizing the suzerainty of Elbeek, Guilichi launched a war to defeat Elbek and seize the power to rule the various ministries.
The remnant regime that lasted for twenty-nine years on the Mongolian plateau was completely destroyed, and no Mongol tribes had legitimate suzerainty. After a hundred years, the various tribes on the Mongolian plateau returned to war and revenge, fighting each other for the throne of the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Resources:
["Ming and Northern Yuan: A Discussion on Mongolian Relations", "Ming History, Vol. 125, Liechuan Xi3, Xu Da, Chang Yuchun"]
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