The Three Dukes and Nine Qings were the three highest officials who assisted the monarch in ancient times, and the Nine Princes were the nine senior officials of the central government. In the Zhou Dynasty, there were "three dukes and six secretaries", with Taishi, Taibao, and Taifu who assisted the emperor as the three dukes, and Tsukazai (in charge of military affairs), Sima (in charge of military affairs), Sikou (in charge of punishment), Sikong (in charge of engineering), Situ (in charge of civil affairs), and Zongbo (in charge of etiquette) as the six secretaries. Later, after Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms, he followed Li Si's suggestion and established a centralized system with the emperor as the honor and the three dukes and nine secretaries as the central official system. The three dukes were The Chancellor, the Tai Wei, and the Imperial Master. Among them, the Minister is in charge of national administration; The lieutenant is responsible for overseeing the military and politics of the whole country; The Imperial Master was responsible for communicating with the emperor and the courtiers and supervising the courtiers. The Nine Secretaries were: Feng Chang (in charge of the ceremonies of the Zongmiao Temple, the head of the Nine Secretaries), Lang Zhongling (in charge of the palace guards), Wei Wei (in charge of the palace gate guards), Tai Shu (in charge of the imperial horse and state horse administration), Ting Wei (in charge of justice), Dianke (in charge of foreign affairs), Zong Zheng (in charge of imperial affairs), Zhi Su Neishi (in charge of taxation and servitude), and Shaofu (in charge of palace finances). The basic structure of the Three Dukes and Nine Qings was used by the Han Dynasty, but the specific names changed. 氶相 was changed to "Great Si Tu", Tai Wei was changed to "Great Sima ", and Imperial Shi Dafu was changed to "Great Sikong"; Among the Nine Qings, Feng Chang became "Tai Chang", Ting Wei became "Dali", The Pawn became "Da Hong", and Zhi Su Nei Shi became "DaSi Nong", etc., but their basic duties did not change much. The establishment of the three dukes and nine secretaries system established China's centralized system. In addition, it can be seen that most of the official positions in the Nine Secretaries were originally only slaves responsible for the royal family affairs, but they all assumed the responsibility of handling important state affairs, which also exposed the roughness of the emperor's family affairs and state affairs at the beginning of the establishment of the emperor system. From the Qin Dynasty to the Two Jin Dynasties, each dynasty took the three dukes and nine secretaries system as the basic central official structure, and it was not until Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty established the three provinces system that the three dukes and nine secretaries system ended. But in fact, the three-province ministerial system is still influenced by the three princes and nine secretaries system.
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