Couplets are an important cultural form of ancient literati, especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, many literati often pass the time with each other when they are feasting and traveling, often one person is out of the upper league, one person is out of the lower link, and the person who can't come out loses. Couplets pay more attention to ping and artistic conception than the Tang Dynasty's legal poems, so it is not easy to write a good couplet.
In fact, in ancient times, some pavilions were inscribed with couplets, which were also of interest to literati. For example, in "Dream of the Red Chamber", when Jia Baoyu was inaugurated in the Grand View Garden, he inscribed couplets everywhere, and if he wrote well, he would be appreciated by everyone. Therefore, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, when the Eight Strands of Literature prevailed, the chant couplet was an important mode of adjustment for the literati.
The couplets of those pavilions and temples often give people a fresh and chic feeling. For example, the very famous Taoran Pavilion once had the following couplets:
Upper link: Smoke Cage Ancient Temple no one arrives; lower link: tree leaning deep hall has a moon. - Weng Fanggang
Uplink: In the eyes of wisdom, open half an acre of red lotus and green swamp; downlink: outside the fireworks alley, sit in a white moon breeze. —— Shen Chaochu
Uplink: It seems that Tao Ling opens three paths; Lower Link: Come and share a niche with midas. ——Lin Zexu
Upper link: refreshing mountain lan, ten thousand reeds breeze with ancient temple; lower link: high trace Huaishui department, a round of bright moon illuminating the river pavilion. ——Zhang Zhaojue
Where is Tao Ranting, and why are so many literati writing couplets for it? Taoran Pavilion in Beijing, known as "the place where Zhou Hou borrowed hui, the place where the right army repaired the wedge", is one of the four famous pavilions in China. Its name, taken from bai juyi's poem "more to wait for juhuang home brewing, and Jun yi drunk and taoran" in the sentence "Taoran" the word "Taoran" named for the pavilion.
The above couplets are all literary and crepe couplets, in fact, there are some couplets, only a few words, but often make the talents ambiguous, can not find the next link. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, there was a shanglian, and this shanglian had three words: "Taoran Pavilion".
In the Qing Dynasty, many literati also had the habit of wandering, such as Qianlong built a place with curved water flow in the Qianlong Garden in the Forbidden City, and when it was leisurely and elegant, it would play a game of qu shui liu in it.
In the late Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zhidong would drink in Taoran Pavilion, and also played the game of qushui flow, everyone chanted poems, ascended to send eyes, sighed about life, and when the interest came, Zhang Zhidong ordered the name of the pavilion to be opposed, that is to say, the upper link was: Taoran Pavilion.
Because this uplink is very special, it is a place name, and it can also be said to be a pavilion name. Moreover, the word "ran" in the middle of these three words is still a virtual word, so the lower link of the couplet is preferably a virtual word on the middle word.
At that time, the princes present here were all high-ranking officials and literary styles, so many people tried to match this couplet. But unfortunately, many people's lower links are not ideal.
Finally, Li Wentian, a waiter in the Ministry of Works, said: "If you want to be ruthless, it is none other than your name." That is to say, the three words "Zhang Zhidong" are very good downward links. Not only is it very neat and tidy, but it also means a lot. Zhang Zhidong heard that Xialian was his own name, and he couldn't help but applaud Li Wentian's talent.
The "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" records that Li Wentian, Zi Qiannong, Xianfeng 9th Year One A Three Jinshi, taught editing, into the Zhinan Study, Li Wentian is knowledgeable, tireless in life, good at painting, and history. It is said that Empress Dowager Cixi painted and often ordered Li Wentian, Xu Gao, Lu Runyu, and Lu Baozhong, a jinshi, to write inscriptions for them.
Therefore, Li Wentian was a talented man at that time, and his ability to get such a wonderful lower link occasionally was not unrelated to his usual profound cultural accumulation. "TaoRan Pavilion, Zhang Zhidong" is a very interesting couplet.
Lu Xun really didn't scold Yuan Shikai? It turned out that Yuan Shikai had been scolded as a goat and had not read any books