The sea in the moonlight
Edited by |: Zhang Yue
"The moon is born on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time."
What a quiet, endless sea!
Every wave is glowing with moonlight,
You will be reminded of the verse "Moonlight is like water and water like the sky".
Moonlight is not pure realism, it is refining, it is imagery.
Moonlight, nowhere, no place is not.
Too much, there is no taste, no ethereality;
No, it's not vivid.
Moonlight is the life of the sea,
What is illuminated is a line with vitality.
Nature is not lacking in beauty, what is lacking is discovery.
People in a foreign land, it is inevitable to feel lonely;
However, in this state of mind can also be motivated to live harder;
Because there is a moon.
Li Bai once "raised a glass to invite Mingyue and made three people to the shadow",
In order to one day be able to "hang on the clouds and sails to the sea".
Gazing at the quiet sea under the silver moonlight,
I can't help but sigh:
The ancients did not see the present time and the moon, and this month once looked at the ancients!
The sea is like a song,
Thoughts are flooded,
The bright moon is like a mirror,
Life is like shit!
The Book of Rites has long recorded that "autumn twilight moon", which means to worship the moon god, and at this time, it is necessary to hold a cold greeting and moon sacrifice, and set up an incense case. In the Zhou Dynasty, every Mid-Autumn Festival night, a cold greeting and a moon festival were held. Set up a large incense case, put on the moon cake, watermelon, apple, red dates, plums, grapes and other sacrifices, of which the moon cake and watermelon are absolutely indispensable, watermelon should also be cut into the shape of a lotus.
Under the moon, the moon idol is placed in the direction of the moon, the red candle is lit, the whole family worships the moon in turn, and then the housewife cuts the reunion moon cake. The person who cuts it calculates in advance how many people there are in the whole family, those at home and in other places, they must be counted together, they cannot cut more or less, and the size should be the same. Among ethnic minorities, the practice of moon worship is also prevalent.
Song Dynasty Jin Yingzhi's "Drunken Man's Talk":
○ Mid-Autumn Festival in August. The Kyoshi Moon Appreciation Meeting is different from other counties. The children of the people of the fallen city, who are not rich or poor, can walk from the twelfth to the twelfth and thirteenth, and they are dressed in the clothes of adults. Climb the stairs, or burn incense in the atrium to worship the moon, each with its own period. The man was willing to walk early to the Toad Palace and climb the Xian Gui high, so the person who gave the word at that time had the sentence "When the people are mo qiao Dengke early, only for Chang'e to love the youth". The female is dressed up, and she wishes to look like Chang'e, and the member is like Haoyue.
It can be seen that the Mid-Autumn Festival is really a blessing, men hope to be listed as soon as possible, and women look forward to beauty.
"Toad Palace" refers to the Moon Palace, that is, the Guanghan Palace where Chang'e lived, which is said to be the illusion of toads. It is also said that there is a laurel tree in guanghan palace that is five hundred meters high, and it is as rare as the jade on Kunlun Mountain. Therefore, those who can fold a branch of gui in the Guanghan Palace and a piece of jade on the Kunlun Mountain are all talents.
Photo/ Zhang Dide
Early works 1979 "Running Moon"
In China, the story of Chang'e Running Moon is a household name. Every Mid-Autumn Festival, the people who look up at the stars will think of Chang'e when they see the moon.
In the impression of many people, the story of Chang'e should be like this: Chang'e knows that her husband Houyi has obtained the elixir of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West, and chengxian is eager. One day, taking advantage of Houyi's lack of attention, she stole the Immortal Pill and flew up to the Moon Palace.
But in fact, the story of Chang'e running to the moon is not only this version.
The ancients used their rich imagination to evolve into various legends of the moon.
◆ < such as the "Save the People Version" >
Legend has it that Hou Yi was a brave but violent king in ancient times. He received the elixir from the Queen Mother and wanted to live forever.
The beautiful and kind wife Chang'e learned of this, and in order to protect the people from Houyi's long-term brutal rule, she secretly ate the immortal medicine and turned into a fairy and floated to the Moon Palace, becoming the moon god.
◆ < is also > as "Houyi Unfaithful Version"
Qu Yuan's "Heavenly Question" said: After Houyi became a hero who shot the sun, he had unfaithful behavior towards Chang'e and had an ambiguous relationship with Hebo's wife, which caused Chang'e great dissatisfaction, and in a fit of anger, he left Houyi and ran to heaven.
◆ < there is also a "forced helpless version" >
When Houyi's evildoers took advantage of Houyi's outing to force Chang'e to hand over the immortal medicine, Chang'e swallowed the immortal medicine when she was in danger, and not long after, she floated off the ground and flew down to the moon to become a fairy.
No matter which version of the above, Chang'e is still a sympathetic beauty after she ascends to the Moon Palace. The Han Dynasty Chang'e Moon Running Story broke this setting and produced a strange ending - the beauty later became a toad.
The Eastern Han Dynasty astronomer Zhang Heng's book "Lingxian" wrote:
"Yi please the medicine of no death in the West Queen Mother, and the sister-in-law steals it to run to the moon." In the future, there is yellow in the basket, and there is yellow in the name: 'Ji. Flying back to his sister, he will go west alone, every day is obscure, no fear, and then his Dachang. 'She is entrusted to the moon for the toad. ”
This passage is translated in vernacular, that is, after Chang'e stole Houyi's immortal medicine, before leaving, she also deliberately went to find a fortune teller named Youhuang to ask Ji Ji.
The fortune teller to say that it was a good luck, but it was okay, and also predicted that this trip to the western heavens was remote, and perhaps when he first hit the road, he would encounter the hazy weather in the dark, do not be afraid, and later, Chang'e's descendants will definitely prosper. As a result, Chang'e soared above the moon and became a toad, which is commonly known as a toad.
A beautiful woman turned into an ugly toad...
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finish
The story of Chang'e and the toad
◆ In the pre-ancient period, the toad was one of the totems worshipped by the Chinese ancestors, the embodiment of the moon, and the god of fertility. We can find images of Fuxi and Nüwa, the earliest ancestors of the Chinese nation, from murals, brick paintings and fabrics excavated from Han tombs unearthed throughout the country over the years. In the portrait, Fuxi holds the sun with a curved ruler, there is a golden wu in the sun, Nuwa holds the moon with a compass, and there is a toad in the moon.
◆ In the old days of Tianjin, there was a folk custom of worshipping the sun and the moon as a pair of spouse gods. Every year on the second day of the second lunar month of the lunar calendar, every family will burn sugar cakes and set up offering tables in the courtyard to worship the sun. All Taoist temples hold festivals. Dating back to the Tang Dynasty, the Zhonghe Festival was a very grand festival, and during the Reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang, the Zhonghe Festival was even designated as a holiday. In the Mid-Autumn Festival, the women in the family must set up incense cases to worship the moon in turn. Therefore, there is a saying that "men do not worship the moon and women do not sacrifice stoves". The connection between the toad and the taiyin star king and female fertility naturally became the embodiment of the moon. It just so happened that the folk made up a story of "Chang'e Running to the Moon", in order to maintain people's worship of the Taiyin Star King, they had to grievance Chang'e into a toad.
According to written sources, one of the earliest and most primitive claims of the ancients' imagination of the moon is that the spirit of the moon is a toad. In the Huainan zi spiritual training, it is said: "There are toads in the day, and there are toads in the moon." In the previous Warring States period document "Guizang", It is said that Chang'e is a moon spirit, and there is no mention of toads in the moon. In this way, we see that the ancient texts that appeared not far from each other have different statements about what is a lunar essence.
So, is the moon spirit Chang'e or a toad? In fact, this matter is not suitable for answering in a binary way. It can be said that the moon spirit is a toad is an earlier theory, and in the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, there was a saying that Chang'e ran the moon and became a moon spirit ("Guizang"), these two theories exist at the same time, people feel conflict, and then make up a story that the toad was originally Changed by Chang'e. The Tang Dynasty's "Chuxue Ji" quoted in the "Huainan Zi Lan Meditation Training" said that after Chang'e stole the elixir of immortality given to Houyi by the Queen Mother of the West, she flew to the moon and transformed into a toad, becoming a moon spirit. The interaction between humans and animals or the homogeneity of humans and animals is a common episode in mythology. Therefore, from the pre-Qin to the Han Dynasty, this period or longer, the toad in the middle of the moon and Chang'e can be said to be a mutual transformation relationship, the moon spirit is both a toad and a Chang'e, and later said that the two coexist on the moon. After the Han Dynasty, the plot of the moon spirit as a toad gradually disappeared, and people mainly said that the moon god was Chang'e, and the animals around her changed from toads to jade rabbits.
Why did the ancients associate the moon they worshipped with toads? In the Neolithic period of the history of Chinese civilization, frog culture was slightly later than fish culture and was also an important cultural form. Frog patterns are common on excavated pottery. Frogs have large bellies and strong reproductive abilities, so frog worship is also a kind of fertility worship. In the ancient concept, the toad was also a longevity artifact. According to the Taiping Imperial Records , " Worms " , toads are animals that live to 3,000 years. In writing, the ancient way of writing "frog" is the same as the word "beginning". Frogs were once revered as clan totems and ancestors of people. "Frog" is homophonous with "娲" for Nuwa. Nuwa is the ancestor of man-making in mythology. Some people think that Nuwa is a goddess conceived by personifying frogs, which makes some sense. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that the moon spirit is a toad in ancient times. The toad is a highly fertile maternal animal god in the ancient concept, which is in line with the moon in Chinese culture. In the Han Dynasty and before, the moon spirit was said to be a toad. In the Western Han Dynasty painting excavated from Tomb No. 1 of Mawangdui in Changsha, a large toad lying on the ground is depicted on the moon, and the absence of a rabbit is a proof of the toad myth.
In ancient poetry, toads are often used as a beautiful symbol of the moon, leaving many elegant words: toad palace, toad rabbit, toad gui, toad wheel, toad disk, toad light, ice toad, golden toad, silver toad, color toad, crystal toad, lone toad, cold toad, cool toad, spirit toad, bright toad, clear toad, plain toad and so on.
At the same time as the Mid-Autumn Festival was formed and flourished, the moon myths and moon legends that had been passed down for hundreds of thousands of years were associated with the Mid-Autumn Festival, forming a rich mid-autumn festival story group.
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