Jincheng Wangshi, it is really unusual:
Father God Arrow Ding Jiangling,
The son left a monument to the history of Chinese calligraphy
A Lanzhou native, in the history of Chinese calligraphy, left a stele that could not be bypassed.
This stele is the "Longzang Temple Stele", which inspired Chu Suiliang, Yu Shinan, Ouyang Qing... For the mighty Tang Kai era, the door was opened.
In 585 AD, this Lanzhou native, in the era of the vigorous Sui Wendi Emperor, built a Longzang Temple, and asked the master to write and engrave the Longzang Temple stele.
1. The "Longzang Temple Stele" is known as the crown of the Sui Stele
Zhengding, Hebei, thousands of miles away from Lanzhou, has a thousand-year-old temple. Its red walls and gray tiles, pines and cypresses, calm atmosphere, "Longxing Temple" three words, full of the vicissitudes of the ancient temple, but also hides many unknown secrets.
Wandering around the temple, a mysterious monument pavilion, is the most attractive place. The ancient monument "Longzang Temple Stele" has stood here for 1500 years and still inspires and influences calligraphers who come to visit and study.
What kind of monument is this? How can it be so fascinating? In the history of calligraphy, the Sui "Longzang Temple Stele" is known as the crown of the Sui Stele.
The Sui Dynasty is a famous short-lived dynasty in Chinese history, which was only passed down for two generations and thirty-seven years. There were the majestic and mighty Sui Wen Emperor, and there was also the dimwitted and desolate Sui Emperor, who left behind the Wenzhi martial arts, and also left the poor soldiers and the people without a good life. There are only three Sui Dynasty inscriptions that have been handed down. The Longzang Temple stele is the first, and is known as the crown of the Sui Stele.
The "Longzang Temple Stele" was carved in the sixth year of the Sui Kai Emperor (585), with a height of 3.15 meters, a width of 0.90 meters, and a thickness of 0.29 meters. The inscription is written in 30 lines, 50 words, and more than 1500 words. There are words on both sides of the stele, the main text of the stele, thirty lines, line five crosses; the inscription of the stele, a total of six sections, thirty lines, the number of words on each line is not equal; the amount of the stele is also written in letters, three lines, and five characters.
The whole paper rubbing stele is 1,56 meters high and 0.89 meters wide, and the stele is 0.42 meters high and 0.31 meters wide. The stele is semi-circular, the relief of six dragons intersects, the shape is unique, the carving is fine, and the Sui and Tang dynasties are naturally coming.
At the beginning of the stone stele, it mentions the Lanzhou man who was a marquis thousands of miles away. This is the stele of Longzang Temple, and the inscription on the forehead of the stele reads: "Hengzhou Thorn Shi Eguo Gong persuaded the country to build the Longzang Temple stele" 15 characters. This Duke of Eguo was Xiao Xian, the Assassin of Hengzhou.
He was from the Jincheng Wang clan, whose family was a family of warriors at that time, and his father was a famous general during the Northern Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties, who had been a god and arrow ding Jiangling.
2. The Shogun family of Jincheng
The story of the "Longzang Temple Stele" begins with this Lanzhou native. After people copied the inscription, there is a passage that reads: Taishi Shangzhu Guo Da wei Gong Shizi, the general of The Left Wu Wei of the Zhijie, the Shangkai Fu Yi Tong Sansi, the Hengzhou Military, the Hengzhou Assassin History, the Duke of Eguo, the Jincheng Wang Xiaoxian (pronounced Xian's original character is SingleRen Side + Zero), the world is heavier than Jin Zhang, and the instrument is more than Xu Guo. The military government was called flying general, and the imperial court was called Tiger Chen.
The Jincheng people explicitly mentioned here are named Wang Xiaoling (xian original character is single person side + zero). It's a variant. Later generations have examined it as a variant of the immortal.
During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Jincheng Wang clan was a family of martial generals, and his father was wang jie, a famous general who was famous for a while.
Wang Jie, also spelled Wenda, is a native of Jincheng Zhicheng. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Jincheng County was under the jurisdiction of Zicheng County. Zicheng County (in the area of present-day Yuzhong County, also known as Xigu). The straight city here should be a misreading and miswritten in Zicheng County.
Wang Jie's gaozu wang Wanguo was a general of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Assassin of Yan Prefecture. His father Wang Chao served as a general in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Born in a family of martial artists, Wang Jie has undergone martial arts training since he was a child, has excellent arm strength, and is good at riding and shooting. When he was in Jincheng, he was known as the enemy of all people.
At this time, it was the last year of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and the forces from all sides took turns to appear. Northern Wei split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei, and became Northern Qi and Northern Zhou. At that time, Liangzhou was in chaos, and even the assassin history was arrested. Jincheng County was attacked by Tuguhun, and Weizhou was besieged by Qiang, from Longshan to Guazhou, and even the line of Hehuang, and the local forces in various places were not lost.
Later, Yuwen Tai leveled out the powerful forces in various parts of Longshang and gathered the forces in various parts of Guanlong. The Wang Jie family, as a powerful local force in Jincheng, defected to Yuwen Tai. Wang Jie was known for his bravery as a general of Yang Lie and a yulin supervisor who participated in the battles of Futong Pass, Breaking Sand Garden, and Fighting for the River Bridge. Yuwen Tai's favor for him, Rilong, also gave him the surname Yuwen (宇文氏) and made him a duke. The Three Divisions of the Relegation Ofe, the Great General of the Horse Riders, and the Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division.
Here we will talk about Wang Jie's peak battle, one arrow to Jiangling. While confronting Western Wei, Yuwen Tai swept away the land of Bashu and continued to unify the world. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Gong of Western Wei (554), Wang Jie accompanied him in besieging Jiangling (江陵, in modern Jiangling, Hubei), the capital of Southern Liang.
At this time, the siege battle was very fierce. There were also masters on the Side of the Liang Army, and there was a fierce general who was good at making a long sword, and the siege soldiers of Western Wei were mostly not his opponents. Yu Jin ordered Wang Jie to fight, Wang Jie bent his bow and shot arrows, and the liang army's lieutenant general, Qiang Qiang, fell in response to the string, and the Wei generals rushed forward to conquer the city and capture Emperor Liang Yuan.
In this battle, Wang Jie can be described as a one-shot ding Jiangling.
Soon, Yuwen Tai died. The following year, his son Yuwen Jue replaced Western Wei and established the Northern Zhou regime, making Wang Jie the Duke of Zhangye Commandery (張掖郡公) and serving as the assassin of Hezhou (河州, in modern Linxia, Gansu). Later, he was appointed as a general and the governor of Jingchuan. In the first year of the elephant (579), Wang Jie died at the age of sixty-five. The imperial court posthumously awarded the military history of duduhe, Yan, Deng, Yan, Tao, Tang, Yiqi prefectures, and hezhou assassins, and posthumously awarded the title of Duke of Eguo, with the title of Wei.
Although Wang Jie was a military general, when he came to governing the localities, he was "governed by loyalty and forgiveness", generous and loving the people, and won the admiration of the people.
However, before the middle of the Qing Dynasty, people could not figure out who this Jincheng Wang Xiaoxian (pronounced xian originally as single person side + zero) on the stone stele of Longzang Temple was.
Because, this problem once difficulted Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty. Ouyang Que also never figured out who Wang Xiaoxian really was.
3. The Qing people unveiled the mystery of Wang Xiaoxian, who was difficult to stop Ouyang Xiu
Over the years, haojie has emerged, and many people have lost their history, which is inevitable. However, the mystery of Wang Xiaoxian is caused by word recognition.
Longzang Temple is a thousand-year-old temple that has a long history, and its temple name has changed a lot. According to historical records, Zhending Fuzhi Donglongxing Temple, the former site of Sui Longzang Temple, was built in the sixth year of the kaihuang (585). Later Song Taizu visited here, so in 963, the temple was rebuilt, and because of Song Taizu's visit, it was named Longxing. Later, it was falsely rumored to be Longxing Temple. Because there is a large bronze Buddha in the temple, it is commonly known as the Great Buddha Temple. Longzang Temple, or because of the Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties wars, was destroyed, and the stone stele was once lost to the Zhen (Zheng) Dingfu Ya. When it was rebuilt in the Song Dynasty, it was moved to Longxing Temple.
This is the general context of the thousand-year changes in the monastery. To solve the mystery of Wang Xiaoxian, it will take a long time.
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, under the suppression of the literal prison, a large number of literati turned to the old paper pile. As a result, the study of evidence flourished greatly. People gradually paid attention to this Inscription of the Sui Dynasty. And under the admiration of successive generations of literati and scholars, the Stele of Longzang Temple has risen to such an unprecedented height today.
At this time, it was discovered that Jincheng Wang Xiaoxian (pronounced xian original character is single person side + zero), which is actually a variant of xian. Not only is this the case with King Xiaoxian, but there are many variant characters in this stele. It turned out that during the Six Dynasties period, the world was in chaos, the culture was destroyed, and a large number of variant characters appeared. 、
It was not until Tang Kai became popular that this problem was gradually solved, but there were still a large number of variant characters. Yan Zhenqing's history of stabbing and stabbing, who was once hyped on the Internet, is like this. A thousand years later, university PhDs still misread history.
Wang Shu of the Qing Dynasty made a very meticulous interpretation and analysis of this, and finally unveiled the problem that had once been difficult for Ouyang Xiu, the mystery of The King Xiaoxian of Jincheng.
4. Great Sui Tiger Minister Wang Xiaoxian
Regarding Wang Xiaoxian, the history books have a dozen-character record: "Zi Xiaoxian (仙 appears to be traditional), the end of the elephant, and the great general of the Kaifu Prefecture. In the "History of the North", it is recorded as Wang Xiaoyi (Qian's traditional qian). It can be seen that the name Wang Xiaoxian was misread at that time.
With the relevant accounts of the Longzang Temple stele, plus the "Da Wei Gong Shizi" and the variant characters of the immortals, the name of Wang Xiaoxian can basically be determined. At this time, nearly 1500 years have passed since the construction of Ryūjō-ji Temple.
In the last year of the elephant, Wang Xiaoxian inherited Wang Jie's title and was appointed to the position of Kaifu Yitong Grand General. In the Sui Dynasty, Wang Xiaoxian appointed Hengzhou As the Assassin of Hengzhou, and was ordered to persuade more than 10,000 people in the prefecture to build the Longzang Temple and pray for the blessing of the country. After the completion of the temple, he invited a master of calligraphy and engraving to record the construction process of Longzang Temple, and passed on the name of the mountain, thinking that it was immortal, and the Longzang Temple stele was left in this background.
This Lanzhou native is the host of this huge project, without him presiding over the construction of Longzang Temple, there would be no Longzang Temple stele. Wang Xiaoxian was deeply talented by Wang Jie, both literary and martial, and was not only a general, but also a civilian official.
A large part of the inscription praises this Lanzhou person: zichi passed on the story of The Ancestors, jianxu as a shepherd; beckoning □ yi, and fleeing. Far-sighted and wide-sighted, Jia Chunzhi pressed the JiBu; rewarded the good and killed the evil, and Xu Mi's place was Liangzhou.
Xu Mi here was a native of JiXian County (near present-day Beijing) in the Yan kingdom, and a heavy subject of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was a heavy minister, and once served as the assassin of Liangzhou during the most chaotic time in Liangzhou. He is also good at painting and has both literature and martial arts.
In the second year of Taihe (228), the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui was bordered by Shu Han because of the remoteness of Liangzhou, so he appointed Xu Mi as the assassin of Liangzhou, an envoy, and a lieutenant of Qiang, and stationed in Liangzhou. After Xu Mi took office, it was just in time for Zhuge Liang to lead his troops out of Qishan, and the three counties of Longyou rebelled one after another. There is little rain in the right side of the river, and it is often distressed by lack of food.
Xu Mi adopted a series of measures to repair the Wuwei and Jiuquan salt ponds, dig water canals, recruit poor people, collect weapons hidden by the people, establish schools, restrict extravagance and promote good and punish evil, and stabilize Liangzhou. In 249, Xu Mi died at the age of seventy-eight. The imperial court was buried according to the three public rites and given the title of Mu Hou.
Here, Wang Xiaoxian is compared to Xu Miao, which is not only a hint to Wang Xiaoxian's hometown, but also a tribute to this Hebei native compared with the current Wang Xiaoxian, and it is also a blessing for Wang Xiaoxian's blessing and longevity. Xu Miao died at the age of seventy-eight.
However, the writer of the Longzang Temple stele is an unsolved mystery, and people believe that according to the text at the end of the stele, it is mostly believed that it was written by Zhang Gongli, a Qi person, but many people believe that this is not the case.
Successive generations have evaluated the "Longzang Temple Stele", which inherits the remnants of the southern and northern dynasties and opens the precedent of the calligraphy of the early Tang Dynasty. Kang Youwei was praised as "the monument of the integration of the six dynasties, not only the first stele of the Sui Dynasty". His calligraphy is vigorous and colorful with pens, the knot body is neutral and broad, the meaning is far away and ancient, and there is no frugal habit of the Six Dynasties, and it has always been known as the first monument of the Sui Dynasty.
It nourished a number of scholars such as Ouyang Qian, Yu Shinan, and Chu Suiliang. It opened the door of Tang Kai, opened the precursor of Tang Kai, and was a famous monument in the history of Chinese calligraphy.
This Lanzhou native, who built a monastery in Hebei, set a peak for the history of Chinese calligraphy. History is the interweaving of chance and necessity.