A typical artillery piece uses a golden horn α the curved trajectory that the shell travels through the air when firing
z, y, and x are the projection lines of the shell trajectory on the sea surface when the shell is in the ascending stage, near the cruise height of the fighter, and the descending stage. Separately put ...
Here, a new term is used, "golden zone", which is the yellow Y-zone corresponding to the y-segment presented in the figure
The Y-region is a three-dimensional area, and Figure 1 is the vertical cross-sectional area, the horizontal area of which will be explained next.
Figure 2 is a horizontal distribution map of the range of firepower in the golden zone of R-bit air defense. A small number of T-position air defenses also have this effect, which will not be discussed here.
In practical applications, in order to achieve maximum firepower, the overlapping areas of front R and rear R are generally used for air-firing, so the actual level of the "golden" golden zone will be distributed left and right, as shown in Figure 3.
The distribution of the vast majority of T levels around the actual available gold zone level is also the same as in Figure 3.
As an anti-aircraft ship, in order to attack aircraft more effectively, we should find a way to make enemy aircraft stay in the yellow zone for as long as possible. The speed of the plane is a constant value, so if it takes a long time, it has to travel a long distance.
Figure 4 is a comparison of the air defense efficiency of the current typical air defense formation and the new "tangential" formation (tentatively named, in fact, not all tangential).
It can be concluded from Figure 4 (the small green ellipse is an anti-aircraft ship, the large green ellipse is a protected ship) that in order to transfer firepower without turning the turret (that is, not transferring the gun from the golden zone on one side to the golden zone on the other) and lifting the gun horn (keeping the golden horn α firing), it is necessary to let the enemy aircraft pass through the tangent part of the golden zone on one side as much as possible (in fact, it may also be the line of the apex of the fan-shaped ring).
This is the new air defense formation I am advocating: the "Tangent Golden Zone" shooting formation. Maximum anti-aircraft effectiveness is exerted when the formation is advancing in the direction of enemy CV.
If the course of the protected ship is perpendicular to the enemy CV rather than horizontal, the anti-aircraft ship is required to continuously maneuver Z and keep the protected ship at the opposite end of the "tangent golden zone" and the enemy aircraft entering the "tangent golden zone".
After calculation, if 45 degrees Z maneuver, the speed of the anti-aircraft ship is 30 knots, and the speed of the protected ship does not exceed 21 as well.
This 21 section is the overall cruising speed of the new air defense formation I proposed.
In actual combat, the use of anti-aircraft firepower is closely related to two factors:
1, y: z value. (Figure 5)
There are 3 cases
y:z<1,y:z=1,y:z>1
The size of y:z is actually very much related to the gun horn.
Y:z large is generally a close-range low-velocity high-angle anti-aircraft gun, typical such as the 58-degree machine gun of E country.
y:z is generally the mainstream anti-aircraft gun with a medium range of about 38 angles, typical of the 38 degree 3.46 anti-aircraft guns of G country.
Y:z small is generally a long-range high initial velocity small angle anti-aircraft gun, typical such as P country 24 degrees 4.7.
2. The angle of the firing range of the battleship R position or the shooting range of the T position β (horizontal golden horn) (Figure 6)
As can be seen from Figure 5, the larger the value of y:z (that is, high-angle close-range shooting), the more the battleship with a large β angle can reflect the advantages of using the "tangent" tactic, and conversely, the smaller the value of y:z (that is, low-angle long-range shooting), the smaller the "tangent" tactic requires the β angle of the battleship.
y:The size of z and the size of the β on the efficiency of the ship's air firepower (Figure 7).
For various y: z different values, in order to be able to use the "tangent" interception tactic, the general requirement is to make the AB line segment not less than the length of y.
Here, for the convenience of analysis, we assume 3 typical values of y: z:
1：3
1：1
3：1
Let's look at Figure 7.1 first
Draw an arc with B as the center of the circle and y as the radius, intersect the outer circle at point A, and now AB=y
Because I know that y:z is 1:3
Therefore, after mathematical calculations, the blue β is 14.36 degrees
The corresponding red β of the AB segment of the small circle tangent is calculated as 82.81 degrees
That is to say, a high-velocity long-range air defense gun with y:z=1:3 only needs to meet the β> of 14.36 degrees, and its efficiency in using "tangential" tactics is higher than that of "head-on" interception.
As long as the β> 82.81 degrees, it can effectively perform "tangential" interception tactics in as many golden zones as possible using the long-range artillery.
Figure 7.2
Because I know that y:z is 1:1
Therefore, after mathematical calculations, the blue β is 28.95 degrees
The corresponding red β of the AB segment of the small circular tangent is calculated as 120 degrees
That is to say, a medium-range anti-aircraft gun with y:z=1:1 only needs to meet the β> of 28.95 degrees, and its efficiency in using "tangent" tactics is higher than that of "head-on" interception.
As long as the β> 120 degrees, it can effectively perform "tangential" interception tactics in as many golden zones as possible using the medium-range artillery.
Figure 7.3
Because I know that y:z is 3:1
Therefore, after mathematical calculations, the blue β is 44.04 degrees
The corresponding red β of the AB segment of the too small circle tangent is calculated as 151.04 degrees
That is to say, a short-range anti-aircraft gun with y:z=3:1 only needs to meet the β> of 44.04 degrees, and its efficiency in using "tangent" tactics is higher than that of "head-on" interception.
As long as the β> 151.04 degrees, it can effectively perform "tangential" interception tactics in as many golden areas as possible using the short-range artillery.
The value of y:z for most anti-aircraft guns is between the above values, and I have only calculated 3 specific values, which you can use as a reference.
There are two important conclusions drawn in this article
First: The tangent tactic is of great benefit to improving the efficiency of air defense
Second, the R-bit overlap area of Yate is not large, that is, commonly known as the ship with large dead ends, and the most suitable air defense task is medium and long-range interception. The German T position, which seems to be the P level, is beyond the scope of this article, because P is the anti-aircraft boss, no dead end, no need to count the values I calculate.
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