In the previous article, the author talked to everyone about the power and hierarchy of local officials such as prefects and counties. Today, we will talk about the envoy of one of the three big men at the provincial level, who belongs to the three leaders of the province, second only to the inspector and the envoy. According to the regulations of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the envoys had the power to manage the public security forces in various places. So, what aspects of work is the envoy responsible for, and as a real power figure in the province, how many security army units can he manage? Today, let's take a closer look at this issue.
First, let's talk about the origins of the Charladians. According to the envoy is an official position in the Ming and Qing dynasties, which evolved step by step from the Song Dynasty's executioner. After the Yuan Dynasty unified the whole country, due to the very large territory, there were some problems in the administration of the imperial court. Under such circumstances, the Yuan Dynasty introduced the provincial system, and the country was divided into 10 provinces. But in the provincial management agency, the Yuan Dynasty did not have a perfect ending. In 1368, the Ming Dynasty was established and the Yuan Dynasty forces were expelled to the northern steppes. The Ming Dynasty inherited all aspects of the Yuan Dynasty's system, including the provincial system.
However, the provincial system has been improved, the minister of state affairs and the peace chapter of each province have been abolished, and a situation has been established in which the troika of the Department of Envoys, the Department of Envoys, and the Department of Envoys are all in parallel. The three senior officials restrained each other in order to prevent the emergence of local separatist forces. However, after entering the middle of the Ming Dynasty, in a series of major events, there was a situation in which various institutions blamed each other, and it was impossible to coordinate the overall situation. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty set up inspectors and governors around the time. The governors and inspectors of the Ming Dynasty were temporary, and after the completion of the task, the official positions were abolished, and no fixed official positions were formed. In the late period of Ming rule, the inspector gradually fixed and became the leader of a province. However, the Governor-General remains a temporary official position that can be revoked and re-established.
After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, it inherited a series of systems of the Ming Dynasty, but adjusted the local administrative system. One of the troikas, the Commander-in-Chief, was abolished, and high-ranking officials such as governors and admirals appeared. The local high-ranking officials of the Qing Dynasty were governors, inspectors, envoys, envoys, inspectors, and xuezheng, among which the governors and inspectors belonged to the feudal officials. Except for the governor directly under the governor of Sichuan and the governor of Sichuan, the other governors manage two or three provinces, but they are mainly responsible for military affairs, river management, grain transportation, etc., and generally do not interfere in local administration.
The viceroy belonged to the title of Shōshū Shōshū or Shōgun Shōshū or Tosho-in, hence the title of Shōgun Shōshū or Shōgun Shōshū Shōgun Shōshū The inspector is the head of a province and is responsible for all aspects of the province's work. The Inspector belonged to zheng erpin or conger erpin official, and held the title of right deputy capital of the metropolitan imperial history or rebbe shilang, and was called Futai Lord or Zhongcheng Lord. Governors and governors belong to the first echelon of local officials and have high powers, while admirals, envoys, envoys and scholars belong to the second echelon. The situation is most peculiar for the admiral, who is a military attaché and the other officials are civilian.
The rank of the Viceroy is from Yipin, which is the same rank as the Governor-General. But in the division of power, the governor and the governor must be subject to moderation. The Admiral is responsible for managing the Green Camp Army in the province and must not interfere with local administration, otherwise the Inspector, the Envoy and the Envoy will certainly be jointly impeached. The envoy is the second in command of the province, the leader in the second echelon, and the envoy is similar to the executive deputy provincial level. Responsible for the appointment and dismissal of personnel in the province, economic construction, civil affairs, tax collection, finance and money and grain management, etc., the grade is from the second product, slightly lower than the inspector, known as the Lord of The Plateau.
In the history of the Qing Dynasty, if the inspector was transferred or retired, it was generally the envoy who took over. As for the scholar and government, he is responsible for the province's education work and the examination of the imperial examination, that is, managing people, showing talents, and so on. Please note that Xuezheng was directly subordinate to the imperial court, and in the era of the imperial examination system, the status of Xuezheng was very high. People and talents in various places generally call Xuezheng "the old man of Xuetai" "Even the governor and the governor cannot interfere in the work of the academia. Then there is the Lord of the Inspectors, who are the three highest grades, higher than the Daotai and the prefect, lower than the Inspectors and the Envoys, and belong to the three leaders of the province.
The inspector is responsible for the province's public security, justice, prison and postal routes, similar to the public prosecutor's law. Generally speaking, the messenger is called the Lord of the Guard. If the Inspector general summons the officials to a meeting at the Inspector Yamen, the Governor and the Scholar Generally do not participate because it does not involve local administration. The Inspector naturally sat in the lobby, but there were still two seats on either side, which were reserved for the envoys and the envoys, and the other officials could only stand. It can be seen from this that the status of envoys and envoys is not low.
In the film and television drama "Yongzheng Dynasty", after Li Wei, a confidant of the Yongzheng Emperor, served as the inspector of Jiangsu, there was a conflict with the Jiangsu envoy. In the face of the hard-top press, at first, Li Wei had no way at all. Because the inspector did not have the power to dismiss a high-ranking official of this level, in the end, Li Wei thought of a strange trick to completely control the situation in Jiangsu. When the servants arrested this envoy, Jiangsu envoy took the case: "I am a member of the Three Pins of the Imperial Court, who of you dares to move me?" From this, it follows that the inspector has confidence in his identity. In fact, according to the inspection, the aspects that can be managed are very broad, and in addition to managing the servants and officials of various states and counties, they can also mobilize the security forces in various places.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there may have been some small-scale peasant uprisings or bandits in various regions. For these things, it is not necessary to send out a regular army, and the admiral does not have to intervene. If the situation is not very serious, it can be handled by the mobilization of local security forces according to the order. Calculated from the number of people. According to the inspection, it is possible to mobilize at least a few thousand security forces, and in some provinces there may be tens of thousands of people. Although the rank of the admiral is obviously higher than that of the envoy and the envoy, in terms of his position and power in the province, the governor is inferior to the envoy and the envoy, and even the saying that "the governor is inferior to the Taoist government".
In the film and television drama "The Gate of the Great Mansion", there is such a story: the viceroy of Shandong directly showdowns military expenses to the prefect of Jinan Province. In the administrative division of the Qing Dynasty, this situation was impossible, and if the Admiral had the courage, the envoys would certainly be very unhappy. And in the face of the prefect of the provincial capital, the admiral did not dare. According to the envoys, they belonged to the Sanpin civilian officials, and their power was much greater than that of the Sanpin military attachés. Those military attachés of the Three Pins, when they see the Lord, will perform the salute with great respect. After all, the rank of military attaché is not valuable, which is recognized in the official field of the Qing Dynasty.